1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since Japan began releasing nuclear-contaminated (核污染的) wastewater into the Pacific Ocean last Thursday despite strong opposition and     1     (criticize) from the international community, Chinese netizens have expressed their anger and concern, with a large number of them     2     (say) that they would no longer go to Japanese restaurants.

Experts say that the influence of Japan’s release of wastewater     3     the safety of people throughout the world is unpredictable. As a consequence, many domestic Japanese restaurants say that they will adjust     4     (they) product lines, and seafood will be selected from domestic sources or imported from other coastal countries.

Some even say that they will expect     5     (develop) other new cuisines. “The Chinese government will take necessary measures to firmly protect the marine environment     6     Japan is determined to go on with its discharge plan.” said a majority of Chinese, among     7     are those living and studying in Japan now. In a poll conducted on Sina Weibo, more than 200,000 netizens urge Japan to cancel its wrong decision and address the wastewater in     8     responsible way. “We don’t want August 24, 2023 to be a disaster day for marine environment and we hope that the issue     9     (give) priority (优先权) to and dealt with as soon as possible. If Japan does not change the plan, it will     10     (sure) bear the historic responsibility for this decision.”

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where did the man’s mother get the tornado(龙卷风) warning?

A．From the newspaper.

B．On the radio.

C．On TV.

2. What is the man’s suggestion?

A．Being careful.

B．Going out.

C．Spotting a tornado.

3 . Studies have shown that walking among trees makes us relaxed.     1     There’s plenty of research showing the link between being in nature and being happy, but most of the research has focused on adults.

    2     Explaining the motivation behind the study, researchers note that with environmental issues such as global warming, more studies are focusing on the relationships between humans and nature to find solutions to these problems, and the future of the planet lies in the hands of children and their actions. However, few studies focus on this aspect.

For the study, researchers worked with 296 children between the ages of 9 and 12. To measure how connected they were to nature, the kids were asked how much they enjoy activities like seeing wildflowers and wild animals, hearing sounds of nature and touching animals and plants.     3     They also found that the more concerned children were about the environment and nature, the more likely they were to be happy.

So exposure to nature is related to active behaviors and happiness of children. What does that mean to adults? As we all know, children usually tend to follow adults, especially their parents’ behaviors.     4     And if parents enjoy being close to nature, so will their children.

Researchers say that children need role models who can guide them to nature with excitement and an attitude of a lifelong learner. Parents don’t have to be experts in environmental science or nature studies.     5    

A．It’s so good going for a walk around trees.

B．Even just smelling the trees helps reduce anxiety.

C．That’s to say, when adults are outside and appreciate nature, kids learn by example.

D．What’s more important is that they spend time together with children exploring nature.

E．They found that the kids connected to nature were more likely to behave actively.

F．In a new study, researchers wanted to see if kids get the same benefits from being outdoors.

G．Researchers will study more about the connection between children’s happiness and nature.

4 . Have you ever found that you were able to sleep better with an air conditioner or fan running or perhaps with the sound of rain falling outside? If so, then you’re already familiar with white noise.

White noise refers to a noise that has a mixture of all the audible (听得见的) frequencies that the human ear can detect. It is a combination of all the frequencies of sound played at once. It can cover the sounds of other noises because of its various frequencies, leading many people to experience its calming effects.

Researchers have studied the effect of white noise on humans for many years, finding evidence it can reduce crying in infants and improve work performance. Many studies have also examined how white noise may affect human sleep. They found that listening to white noise positively affects sleep. For example, people living in a high-noise area of New York City fell asleep faster and spent more of their time in bed asleep while listening to white noise. In another study, listening to white noise through headphones improved sleep quality for seriously ill patients in a loud hospital room.

However, a recent analysis of multiple studies looking at white noise’s effect on sleep has produced mixed results. The researchers are doubtful about the quality of existing evidence and conclude that further research is necessary in order to widely recommend white noise as a sleep aid. They also note that in some instances, white noise can perturb a person and may affect their hearing.

Despite that, researchers are still optimistic that the steady white noise might reduce a sleeper’s sensitivity to unpredictable noises from the environment, such as transportation sounds like cars and planes, which are considered a major contributor to poor sleep.

1. Why does white noise have calming effects?

A．Because it can absorb other noises.	B．Because it can help people sleep better.
C．Because it can be detected by human ears.	D．Because it can cover the sounds of other noises.

2. How does the author explain the benefits of white noise?

A．By giving examples.	B．By telling stories.
C．By asking questions.	D．By making comparisons.

3. What does the underlined word “perturb” in paragraph 5 mean?

A．Amuse.

B．Calm.

C．Disturb.

D．Warn.

4. Which statement may researchers agree with according to the last two paragraphs?

A．White noise should be strongly recommended as a sleep aid.

B．Harmful effects of white noise have become a major concern.

C．Poor sleep will make people sensitive to the unpredictable noises.

D．More researches are needed to confirm the effect of white noise on sleep.

6 . It’s a sweet moment, as a chimp reaches up to kiss his mother’s face. The touching photo was taken by the famous conservationist and activist Jane Goodall in 1993 in Gombe National Park in northwest Tanzania where she has studied chimpanzees for more than six decades.

The image is part of Vital Impacts consisting of a group of 100 photographers. The women-led non-profit was founded by award-winning photographer Ami Vitale and visual journalist Eileen Mignoni. They are selling fine arts images, most of which focus on wildlife and nature, with earnings benefiting conservation organizations including Jane Goodall Institute’s Roots and Shoots program.

“Our purpose is to use photography to create awareness and understanding; to help us see that the survival of the planet is closely connected with our own survival. As photographers, we have a huge opportunity to inform and influence change, but pressing the shutter (快门) is just the start,” Vitale said.

“For an image to have significance, it needs to reach people. To this end, we are working to get the photographs of Vital Impacts photographers and our students into high-profile media and exhibitions around the world.”

The organization gives special attention to photographers who are committed to the planet. Funds will be used to support global conservation and environmental initiatives and the group will offer two $20,000 environmental storytelling awards.

Vital Impacts has raised more than $1.5 million from the sale of fine art prints since the organization was set up in late 2021. Some of its profits were donated to the organization Direct Relief, which shipped more than 1,400 tons of medical supplies worth $545 million to support 351 healthcare equipment in disaster zones. Other profits were able to provide fuel and vehicle assistance to support wildlife corridors (廊道), a monitoring program, and the restoration of the Snake River in the Pacific Northwest.

1. Why did the author mention the touching photo in paragraph one?

A．To lead in Vital Impacts.	B．To introduce Jane Goodall’s hobby.
C．To share a sweet image.	D．To introduce chimps’ touching behavior.

2. Which of the following statements about Vital Impacts is true?

A．It aims to make profits by selling fine arts images.

B．It helps students to hold worldwide photo exhibitions.

C．It aims to use images to promote environmental conservation.

D．It helps to pick out excellent photographers by offering 2 awards.

3. Who are most likely to join Vital Impacts?

A．Those who love wildlife and nature.

B．Those who are devoted to the environment.

C．Those who are committed to helping others.

D．Those who are passionate about photography.

4. What do the numbers in the last paragraph tell about Vital Impacts?

A．Its profits.

B．Its benefits.

C．Its contributions.

D．Its effects.

9 . A team of researchers at ETH Zurich has the perfect long-lasting solution to our fog problem. They have developed a very thin and gold-based transparent coating (涂层) that can convert sunlight into heat, which can be applied to glass and other surfaces to prevent them from fogging.

The special coating is developed using titanium oxide and gold particles. It selectively absorbs infrared radiations (红外线辐射) from the sunlight and creates a heating effect that is powerful enough to keep fog away from the surface of an object. The coating basically employs heat to stop fogging. The coating absorbs a large part of the infrared radiation, which causes it to heat up-by up to 8℃.

Previously, products like anti-fogging sprays (喷雾) create a very thin film of water on the surface to remove fog. The problem with such surfaces is pollution. Along with water, the sprays also attract dirt, dust, oil, and various other dirty substances, and just a little dirt on the surface makes it useless. However, the new coating repels (排斥) water. Furthermore, the coating is significantly thinner, which makes it more transparent as well as flexible. It is heated passively and requires, during daytime, no additional energy source.

Gold might be expensive, but the researchers stress that their coating requires so little that the material costs remain low. Their coating is produced with standardized and readily scalable methods, all cost-effectively. However, although this product can work at very low levels of solar radiation, it does rely on a certain amount of light.

The researchers will develop the coating further for other applications. In the process, they will examine whether other metals work just as well as gold. There is no need to fear. However, this would cause a car or a building to heat up more in the summer. The researchers have already filed a patent. Hopefully, this groundbreaking product will soon be available on the market.

1. How does the new coating work to remove fog?

A．By reflecting part of sunlight selectively.

B．By keeping cool air away from the object.

C．By creating a thin film of water on the surface.

D．By absorbing infrared radiations to heat the coating.

2. Why does the author mention previous anti-fogging products?

A．To stress the advantages of the new coating.

B．To introduce the inspiration behind the new coating.

C．To prove the difficulty of creating anti-fogging products.

D．To explain the reason for the anti-fogging coating being popular.

3. What is the limitation of the new coating?

A．It is considerably expensive.	B．It depends on sunlight to work.
C．It takes too much time to produce.	D．It is difficult to clean and maintain.

4. What do the researchers plan to do next?

A．Apply for a patent for the invention.

B．Develop the product for more practical uses.

C．Explore the environmental impact of the coating.

D．Seek a more environmentally friendly material to replace gold.

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A Norwegian company has created what it calls the world’s first zero-emission, automatic cargo ship. Developed by chemical company Yara International, the ship     1     (design) to reduce emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases, and move goods away     2     roads to the sea.

The shipping industry accounts for between 2.5% and 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the International Maritime Organization. Nearly all of Norway’s electricity is generated by hydroelectric power, which is     3     (general) considered to have much lower carbon emissions than burning fossil fuels,     4     it still produces greenhouse gases.

Capable of carrying 103 containers and with     5     top speed of 13 knots, it will use a 7 MWh battery, with about a thousand     6     (time) the capacity of one electrical car. The ship will be charged near the port before sailing to container harbors along the coast and then back again,     7     (replace) 40,000 truck journeys a year.

As well as     8     (provide) a greener option compared to conventional cargo ships, there is no crewman, which means it will be more cost-effective to operate. Initially, loading and unloading the ship will require humans, but gradually, all loading, discharging, and some other operations will also be eventually operated using technology. That will involve developing     9     (autonomy) cranes and carriers, which are the vehicles     10     place containers onto ships.