2 .
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it.
The legislation (法律条文) requires waste producers to pay into the system 1 or through their suppliers. That is 2 the government called a Polluter Pays Principle. Simply 3 (state), the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters, not by government or society. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020 4 forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing, cosmetics, and electrical products. Companies will have to reuse or recycle the items.
The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK 5 (take) has been increasing according to Positive News. And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes. This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands. In the past year alone, sales of consumer goods from brands with a demonstrated commitment to sustainability have grown more than 4% globally, 6 those without grew less than 1%.
What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters. That could be 7 (good) invested in things like social care or parks or libraries. Other countries have already made great progress in reducing waste. So far, Sweden’s anti-waste program is so efficient that the whole country is running out of trash. The 8 (recycle) rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste.
In many countries, kitchen and gardening waste makes up of the biggest part of waste. This type of waste, 9 collected separately, can be turned into an energy source or fertilizer.
10 the differences in policies and regulations, one thing is clear: governments are sharing a common concept that the prevention of environmental damage should be based on concrete principles and solid actions.
