1 . If you work in a white-collar job in an office, it is likely that you will wear a uniform. Why do you need to wear one?

For employers who require it, there are several arguments in favour of uniforms. They help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance. They project a brand identity, from the red coats of Virgin Atlantic crew to the “Browns” uniform of UPS delivery drivers. They may have useful job-specific features.

A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when ordering a pizza. They were then shown pictures of the uniformed or non-uniformed employee. The person without a uniform who had treated them badly was circled. In this sense, if corporate clothing is a symbol of good service, the authors suggest that it may be a good idea not to give it to inexperienced workers, because, to some extent, it’s a representative of a profession.

Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees. In 2012, Hajo Adam, a professor in Columbia Business School, coined the term “enclothed cognition (认知)” to describe the effect that specific clothes have on the way that people think and feel. Questions have been raised over the validity of enclothed cognition, but a new meta-analysis by Messrs Adam and Galinsky, along with Carl Blaine Horton of Columbia Business School, concludes that the phenomenon is real.

The obvious objection to uniforms, at least from people who do not wear them, is that they limit individuality and autonomy. But employees who do not have to wear a formal uniform often gravitate towards a costume anyway. Some coders (编码人员) seem to be under an unspoken duty to wear T-shirts. The combination of shirt, trousers and Patagonia gilet (马甲) is known as the “midtown uniform” for finance types in New York. Bosses build brands by wearing the same outfit day after day. Therefore, you may not be required to wear a uniform when you head off to work. You may still be in uniform.

1. Why is Virgin Atlantic crew mentioned in Paragraph 2?

A．To emphasize the need for uniforms in all industries.

B．To highlight the importance of job-specific features in uniforms.

C．To provide an example of how uniforms establish a brand image.

D．To discuss the variety of uniform styles across different professions.

2. What can we infer about uniforms from Robert Smith’s study?

A．They mean professional.

B．They impress customers.

C．They guarantee quality service.

D．They symbolize the corporate image.

3. What does the underlined word “validity” mean in Paragraph 3?

A．The variety of the coined term.

B．The state of being logical and true.

C．The context of questions being raised.

D．The complexity of the phenomenon.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards uniforms?

A．Opposed.

B．Dismissive.

C．Approving.

D．Doubtful.

2 .

A．She always buys new clothes to keep up with the latest fashion trend.

B．She looks down on the fashion victims spending much money on costly clothes.

C．She doesn’t fall into the category of fashion victims.

D．She will buy new clothes next month like those fashion victims.

3 . The Cheongsam, also known as Qipao, evolved from the Manchu female’s changpao of the Qing Dynasty. The Manchu ethnic people were also called the Qi people by the Han people in the Qing Dynasty, hence the name. The history of this clothing reflects the rise of the modern Chinese women in the twentieth century.

In 1920s, the cheongsam flourished in Shanghai. Through the 1930s and 1940s it constantly changed, highlighting the femininity（女子气质） of Chinese women in metropolitan cities. The dress got more fitted and body-hugging, with some daring designs featuring side slits （开衩） that reached up to the thigh. It’s customary to pair the dress with high heels. Women tried different fastenings, pipings, and collars, as well as short sleeves, long sleeves, and sleeveless cheongsams. Traditional silks were replaced with cheaper, contemporary textiles. In terms of design, the traditional flower patterns remained widespread, but geometric and art deco patterns also gained popularity.

The cheongsam has heavily influenced designers in high fashion. The Metropolitan Museum of Art did a whole exhibit in 2015 on how Chinese culture influenced world fashion called “Through the Looking Glass”. Elements of cheongsam were even seen in the 2016 Victoria’s Secret Fashion Show. Celebrities such as Anne Hathaway and Grace Kelly have been seen wearing a cheongsam.

Today Chinese people seldom wear a cheongsam in their daily life. It is used as a uniform at restaurants and hotels and on airplanes in Asia. Formal occasions such as weddings, parties or banquet dinners, and seasonal celebrations such as Lunar New Year are appropriate times to wear a cheongsam. And the dress is a frequent choice of wear during diplomatic visits.

In 2018, a white girl in a high school in Utah wore a cheongsam to her ball and posted photos online that caused an uproar in the US for cultural appropriation （文化挪用）, opening a huge debate on cultural appreciation versus appropriation. However, netizens in China had a different viewpoint. “I am very proud to have our culture recognized by people in other countries,” said a user on WeChat, “She looks beautiful in it!” they said.

1. What can we know about the cheongsam in the Qing Dynasty?

A．The traditional flower patterns were popular then.

B．There were different fastenings to go with it.

C．There were side slits reaching up to the thigh.

D．It was more body-hugging than today’s cheongsam.

2. Why is cheongsam a frequent choice of wear during diplomatic visits?

A．It influences world fashion.	B．It is a symbol of Chinese culture.
C．It is popular with foreigners.	D．It is a regular outfit of urban women.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The case of the girl in Utah warned against wearing cheongsam in America.

B．The popularity of cheongsam shows the rise of modern Chinese women.

C．Cheongsam didn’t highlight femininity initially as much as it does now.

D．Grace Kelly was seen wearing cheongsam in the 2016 Victoria’s fashion show.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?

A．To display the cultural value of cheongsam.

B．To introduce the influence of cheongsam on fashion.

C．To review the history of cheongsam.

D．To present an overall introduction to cheongsam.

4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

My Own Label

It seemed to me that I had two different identities when I was in fifth grade. Outside of school, I was a reasonably happy kid who enjoyed spending time with my friends, reading or listening to rock music. When I was in class, however, I turned into a very different Denise, one who was on guard all the time, and one who wanted nothing more than to get through the day without being teased.

To my classmates I was strange, because I wasn’t just like them. The most obvious thing they focused on was that I didn’t wear the same designer clothes as they did. Designer clothes were beyond my family’s reach. My mother was a single parent, and she worked long hours to support our small household. As far as love and attention were concerned, I was rich beyond all imagination. I was supported and cared for. The only thing that my classmates cared for was fashion, though, and there, I was poor.

I never knew if my classmates would torment (戏弄) me in class, but on the bus I could count on it. My trips to and from school were the horrific, painful bookends to stressful days. One girl made a point of running over to my seat every morning to see what I was wearing, and then returned to her friends to laugh about it. I shrank into myself and stared out the window.

I was the smallest girl in my class. One of my classmates’   mothers noticed, and offered me a beautiful skirt that her daughter had outgrown. I wore it happily, thrilled to have a cool item of clothing for once. When I outgrew the skirt, my mother bought me a new one of my own, one without a label. When my classmate saw it, she shouted on purpose, “Oh, that’s not my skirt, is it? Where did you get this one, Denise? The poorhouse?” My classmates burst into laughter, and I slipped away, my eyes locked on the ground. I stopped wearing the skirt.

注意：
1.续写词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式作答。

After fifth grade ended, over the summer, I spent a month at a day camp.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

With the love and support of my new friends, I became more confident.

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5 . 听下面一段较长独白，完成以下小题。
1. When did the consultants do the survey?

A．Several months ago.

B．Several weeks ago.

C．Several days ago.

2. What was the company’s score for friendliness as a whole?

A．8 out of 10.

B．7 out of 10.

C．6 out of 10.

3. How did the consultants suggest the company improve their friendliness?

A．By using classic music.

B．By answering the calls cheerfully.

C．By using some good phrases on the phone.

4. What did the company staff do well in?

A．How quickly they answered the calls.

B．How efficiently they dealt with inquiries.

C．How exactly they remembered the callers’ names.

8 . Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.

Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to _______ people’s impression of us. Our appearance _______ particular significance in the original phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle - class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, _______ the person’s education, background, or interests.

People tend to _______ what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the _______ of girls who wear certain outfits, including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they drive or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and _______ when they are dressed conservatively. And college students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say they are concerned about the _______ they must wear to play these roles successfully. _______, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we acted. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you _______ a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.

In the workplace, men have long had ________ dress code and role models for achieving success. It had been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world ________ the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” (女性气质的) attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been more ________ than that available for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more ________ for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming - shorter hair, ________ use of make - up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive women is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t ________ the job.” We need a change in this regard.

1.

A．add to

B．deal with

C．set aside

D．focus on

2.

A．assumes

B．appreciates

C．minimizes

D．assesses

3.

A．in terms of

B．because of

C．instead of

D．regardless of

4.

A．agree on

B．count on

C．negotiate about

D．hesitate about

5.

A．specialties

B．accomplishments

C．characters

D．lifestyles

6.

A．comfortable

B．competent

C．sacred

D．outgoing

7.

A．uniforms

B．costumes

C．gloves

D．pajamas

8.

A．Moreover

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

9.

A．imitated

B．resisted

C．evaluated

D．anticipated

10.

A．long - lasting

B．good - looking

C．light - hearted

D．well - defined

11.

A．are uncertain about

B．are distracted from

C．are keen on

D．are ashamed of

12.

A．consistent

B．fashionable

C．diversified

D．innovated

13.

A．critically

B．casually

C．favourably

D．honestly

14.

A．frequent

B．concrete

C．moderate

D．heavy

15.

A．get

B．spare

C．survive

D．maintain

10 . Is fashion important to you?    1    From those who wear trendy ripped jeans and loose-fitting T-shirts to those who wear smart tailored suits and expensive designer outfits, each individual can have their own style.

    2    And what impact can this have on their self-expression?

Arguably, one factor that influences what people wear is the need to impress others. People who dress well and keep up with the latest styles seem to be more noticed than those who are not concerned about their appearance.     3    In this way they assume an identity which makes them feel they impress. Yet, by copying general looks, people actually can’t show their individuality.

At the same time, fashion is perceived by some as a tool for success and one that represents wealth or respectable social position. For instance, people intentionally try to raise their status by wearing famous brands or expensive clothes which are admired by others.    4    They are just the means to promote a specific image of power and control. In this case, fashion does not express personal individuality but could perhaps be said to give a false impression of appearance for a specific purpose.

That being said, following fashion may not have anything to do with copying current trends but with using them as an inspiration to create outfits expressing individuality.    5    Adding glam here and there, rolling up a pair of trousers or even wearing two different shoes can be considered a form of self-expression demonstrating originality.

Having considered all this, to my way of thinking, fashion can be used as a means of communication and a way to communicate your self-image to people around you. As a famous designer once said, “Fashion is instant language.”

A．Is it a trend we must follow?

B．But why are people following fashion?

C．For most people it is, at least to some extent.

D．For this reason, people wear fashionable clothing.

E．These clothes are not actually giving a personal statement of the wearer.

F．There are always fashion followers, even though fashion is constantly changing.

G．An example of this is reforming fashionable pieces and making small personalized changes.