1 . A long-term American study shows the effect of early education on future learning abilities. The study followed more than 1,300 children from birth through the ages of ten or eleven years. The study is known as the Human Development Study of Early Child Care. It is said to be the largest, longest lasting and most complete study of child care in the United States. The children included in the study were born around 1991 in ten areas of the country. Researchers examined the quality and amount of child care the children received until they were 54 months old. Child care included any care provided by people other than the child’s mother that lasted at least ten hours a week. This included any care given by fathers or other family members. The researchers then examined cach child’s performance in school and social development. They also measured other influences, such as the quality of classroom education and parenting (教养).

Recently, the researchers examined whether the developmental qualities that bad been observed in young children were still present a few years later. They found that the older children who had received higher quality child care continued to show better ability in measures of language skills. The children’s understanding was observed using a method which shows their ability to name objects shown in some pictures. The study confirmed a link between high quality child care and better test results continued as the children grew older. It also found that the children’s ability was not dependent on the amount of time they had spent in child care.

Interestingly, children who had been in child care before entering school were also more likely to have shown aggression (攻击性) or refusal to obey in their early school years. However, the researchers said the children’s behavior was considered normal.

1. The children in this study________.

A．are from big chios in America

B．are all at the same age

C．were taught how to care for themselves at school

D．were examined for influences caused by child care

2. The long-term study tells us that________.

A．the better the child care is, the better children can draw

B．some of children’s abilities develop well because of child care

C．higher quality child care can help children develop better creativity

D．child care has no influence on children’s language skills

3. If a child has less time of child care, he will________.

A．deal with different things better

B．develop his ability as well as those spending more time

C．learn to use new methods more quickly

D．get no benefit from child care

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．The study is aimed at showing the effect of early education on future learning abilities.

B．Researchers examined the children’s abilities in many aspects.

C．Child care provided by fathers was not included in the study.

D．Each child was examined on the quality and amount of child care for 54 months.

2 . Nowadays, students are easier to learn in front of computers. With good reasons, many people question whether the state-of-the-art technology can finally change the way we learn. Others, however, make an argument that the traditional classroom-based learning has its own limitations. Considering both sides, my view is that the new programme can bring far more benefits than the traditional education.

First, it is obvious that, for any people, as long as they have access to Internet, can get the education resources easily. It is especially beneficial to people who live in a faraway area without schools or are short of money to pay for tuition. So, it is truly an easy way for people who are interested in learning.

Moreover, the distance rearning can help itself integrate (融入) its best knowledge materials and let go of them for sharing. For example, in the last 5 years, some famous universities, including Yale, Cambridge and Oxford University, have shared their most famous professors’ courses on the Internet, followed crazily by many students all over the world. If more and more universities take part in the programme, students will be facing a large wide and varied knowledge and the benefits for the whole human beings is huge.

That is not to say that traditional education should be forgotten. Teachers not only can teach knowledge, but also they can correct, encourage and communicate with students in person. But unfortunately it has weaknesses due to its inflexibility (不灵活) and lack of communications with teachers after class.

All in all, we should fully make good use of the modern technology to make the education opportunities available to people; meanwhile, we should not lose sight of the importance of traditional learning. Only by doing so can we bridge the gap between rich and poor, and thus make the whole society more impartial (公正的).

1. What can make getting education resources easily?

A．Schools.

B．Interest.

C．Courses.

D．Internet.

2. Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 3?

A．To call on more students to join in the programme.

B．To get more support to spread distance learning.

C．To show benefits of distance learning.

D．To introduce some world-famous universities.

3. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．Modern technology.	B．Society.
C．Knowledge.	D．Traditional education.

4. What does the author think of the traditional ways of learning?

A．It makes the poor poorer.	B．It is the key to communication.
C．It will be useless soon.	D．It is still important today.

3 . In a new study, researchers found a link between outdoor education and science grades. The findings indicate outdoor education could be a promising tool to help close gender (性别) gaps in science. “The outdoors is a space where teachers can find tangible ways to make science come alive,” says lead author Kathryn Stevenson, assistant professor of parks, recreation, and tourism management at North Carolina State University.

“The natural environment is also a place that everybody has in common. In a way, it’s also a great context for employing teaching practices like hands-on, inquiry-based learning or group work. These practices can be good for all students, but they may be particularly good for reaching students who aren’t as well-served in classroom settings,” Stevenson says.

The researchers studied the impact of an outdoor science education program called Muddy Sneakers on fifth graders’ science grades and knowledge of, and attitude about, science.

Fifth graders from western North Carolina attended between 6 and 10 days of Muddy Sneakers. They had science lessons in nearby natural areas, including state parks and school grounds, Outdoor lessons followed the standard course of study for science through hands-on activities, hikes, nature exploration, and reflections.

Researchers compared the performance of 237 students who learned about science in the classroom to 403 students who participated in the outdoor program. When researchers evaluated (评估) students’ science grades by gender, they saw that girls who participated in the outdoor science program maintained their science grades on average (平均), while girls’ average grades in the traditional science classes dropped. They also saw that participation in average grades in the traditional science classes dropped. They also saw that participation in the outdoor program helped girls learn more about how science works on average, but traditional classrooms did not.

Boys in the outdoor and traditional class settings had fairly stable science grades on average and saw similar gains in knowledge of how science works. “Outdoor education seems to be one of those contexts that helps everyone learn, but it may be really, really helpful for some students in particular,” Stevenson says.

1. What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph l mean?

A．Practical.

B．Ineffective.

C．Challenging.

D．Unfair.

2. What is the purpose of the study?

A．To improve fifth graders’ science grades.

B．To provide part-time jobs for the students.

C．To learn the effect of outdoor education on students.

D．To earn some money from different kinds of courses.

3. How do the researchers reach the findings?

A．By listing numbers.	B．By interviewing students.
C．By explaining the causes.	D．By making a comparison.

4. What is Stevenson’s attitude towards outdoor education?

A．Doubtful.

B．Favorable.

C．Unclear.

D．Objective.

4 . In a crowded migrant (移民) camp in Tijuana, Mexico, a three-year-old girl wandered ________ toward the exit. She was steps from a busy road. Estefanía Rebellón was the only person who ________ her. The writer had just driven from Los Angeles with a group of friends to drop off food and clothing to a(n) ________ organization.

It was December 2018, a time when the US-Mexico border was seeing migrants from Central America ________ violence and poverty. Rebellón rushed over to the child and took her ________. “Where are your parents?” she asked anxiously. Eventually, she and her friends found the girl’s ________ father, who had stepped away to ________ for food.

Back at home, Rebellón gathered a group of volunteer ________ via social media, and using a thousand dollars from her ________, set up a school at the Tijuana border. In five years, the pilot program has grown into the non-profit Yes We Can World Foundation, which has ________ three school buses into classrooms and established two schools.

________ by donations, the foundation’s teachers have provided a bilingual education to more than 3,000 kids. The schools ________ an official curriculum (课程) from Mexico’s education ministry. They also offer ________ courses, which help kids understand more about migration.

Rebellón has received numerous ________ for her work, including Outstanding American by Choice. As more than 6.6 million people still live in refugee camps around the world, she says she’d like to ________ the foundation’s influence and support migrant children globally.

1.

A．leisurely

B．alone

C．freely

D．abroad

2.

A．tended

B．recognized

C．invited

D．noticed

3.

A．relief

B．health

C．business

D．education

4.

A．fighting

B．preventing

C．escaping

D．worsening

5.

A．side

B．place

C．hand

D．heart

6.

A．determined

B．annoyed

C．disappointed

D．panicked

7.

A．line up

B．make up

C．stand up

D．look up

8.

A．soldiers

B．doctors

C．writers

D．teachers

9.

A．expenses

B．savings

C．bills

D．charges

10.

A．integrated

B．forced

C．transformed

D．translated

11.

A．Limited

B．Funded

C．Motivated

D．Influenced

12.

A．create

B．adjust

C．reject

D．follow

13.

A．special

B．strange

C．common

D．major

14.

A．opportunities

B．honours

C．blessings

D．messages

15.

A．display

B．possess

C．maintain

D．expand

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A video showcasing children at a kindergarten in Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, engaged in cooking activities     1     (go) viral online recently. In the video, kids are making pancakes, stuffing sausages, and preparing braised pork meat.

According to Zhang Qian,     2     principal of the kindergarten, the life skill lessons in the video have been integrated into the curriculum     3     2020. Initially     4     (conduct) indoors, the cooking sessions were transitioned to outdoor stoves last year.

Children are fully buried in front of the tiny stoves. They diligently use cookers and take the cooking tasks     5     (serious) instead of just playing games. Their focused attitudes and skillful     6     (technique) prove their rich experience and genuine enjoyment.

Zhang added that the initiative     7     (open) the course arose from the children’s keen interest in cooking during a mooncake-steaming event last Mid-Autumn Festival. Zhang then decided to set up special stoves for the children in the courtyard, celebrating the occasion with a ribbon-cutting and firecracker display,    8     marked the start of a new cooking routine at the kindergarten.

For these hands-on courses, parents are also wholeheartedly     9     (support), even voluntarily supplying firewood to the kindergarten. The parents from distant regions like Harbin and Inner Mongolia also seek registration,     10     have to wait until the year after next.

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A “White Box” Digital Transition Model for Education

Liu Xinsheng, a student in a rural school in Zibo, Shandong province,     1     the English teaching resources are limited, has been learning English through a small terminal (终端机) on a     2     (day) basis.     3     textbook-sized smart terminal, nicknamed “white box”, has become the most important tool for improving Liu’s English-speaking skills.

Technology enhances education and     4     (bridge) the gap effectively in educational resources between rural and urban areas. Students in the school can not only correct their     5     (pronounce) but also receive real-time feedback. Additionally, after submitting assignments through the device, they immediately receive corrections for certain tasks.

The AI-enabled rural education in Linzi district is just an example of how Zibo is     6     (true) promoting a digital transition in its education sector. By the end of last year, 97 percent of primary and secondary schools in Zibo     7     (complete) the digital transformation, with 295 schools establishing smart campuses     8     (equip) with multimedia classrooms.

Sun Yingtao, head of the Zibo Bureau of Education, said that     9     (ensure) that children enjoy high-quality education is the original intention of promoting digital education. “Digital education in Zibo has just begun and there are still many new situations, problems and challenges to deal     10    . In the future, we will accelerate the innovation of digital education application prospects and make every effort to strengthen the city’s digital education ecosystem,” Sun said.

7 . Two authors, Kylen Ribeiro and Michelle Zofrea, have written a children’s book Henry’s Tech-Free Trip to explore why parents want kids to limit screen time.

The authors said they have seen many news stories and studies in recent years warning parents about monitoring (监视) both the quality of the content and the amount of time their kids spent with tablets, phones and smart watches. But they didn’t see any books that were written for kids on the topic.

“We hope that it will help kids connect the topic,” Zofrea said. She said it reminded her that her mother warned her not to overdo it on Halloween candy. She didn’t follow the advice and wolfed down all her treat and felt sick later. “Like with food, we can set rules and lecture kids. It’ll be more effective if they start to notice how they feel,” Zofrea said.

The authors both work for DefenderShield, a Tampa-based company that sells products to block electromagnetic field radiation (电磁辐射) from laptops, cell phones and tablets. Their work there is what inspired the book, though they know it can be a heated topic because of the debate over the science of radiation’s effects.

While concerns are rising about the amount of time kids spend online, parents always remain on their phones at home. “I’ve always said children learn from what we do and not what we say,” said Pam Patranella, a doctor who reviewed the book and liked the idea of taking the screen time lesson to kids.

The book’s authors said parents need to be reminded that their kids have grown up in a different world, one that has had computers and tablets since the day they were born. “We want to bring up the concept (观念) of digital wellness for families and children,” Ribeiro said.

1. Why did Zofrea mention Halloween candy?

A．To express thanks to her mother.	B．To explain that awareness matters.
C．To tell kids to have sugar-free food.	D．To show the meaning of the festival

2. The fourth paragraph of the text is mainly about ________.

A．what may catch people’s attention online

B．what inspires scientists to design phones

C．what radiation’s effects mean for children

D．what leads the authors to write the book

3. What does Patranella probably advise parents to do?

A．Put effort into reading.	B．Pick up phones at home.
C．Act as a role model.	D．Talk to kids patiently.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Kids’ Screen Time	B．A Connected World
C．Parents’ Concept	D．A Digital Course

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It can be easy for some of teenagers to form bad habits. These bad habits, if     1     (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. To prevent harmful habits like these from     2     (支配) a teenager’s life is essential. To change bad habits is never easy, even with many     3     (attempt). Aristotle once said: “We are     4     we repeatedly do.” We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat     5     over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit. The good news is that we can change by understanding how habits work. we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this: Firstly, a “cue”, an action, event, or situation. Then a “routine”, the regular action you take     6     response to the cue. Thirdly, there is the “reward”.

    7     (facilitate) a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful, we often become     8     (悲观的) and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles     9     (begin) with a single step.” To reach the goal of change, a person must show some d     10     . After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.

9 . Waking up at the crack of dawn and going for a run might feel intimidating when you start trying to make it a habit. Weaving a significant new activity such as this into your regular routine obviously takes determination and time — but how much time is really needed to make that habit stick?

One popular idea suggests that it takes 21 days to solidify a habit. The “three-week theory” originated from the 1960 self-help book Psycho-Cybernetics, in which plastic surgeon Maxwell Maltz observed that it took his patients about 21 days to get used to their new appearance after surgery. Even without much solid research, the 21-day myth became widely accepted. It likely persisted because it seems like such a reasonable amount of time, Colin Camerer, a behavioral economist at the California Institute of Technology who has conducted research on habit formation, explains.

Almost a half century later, researchers finally gathered strong evidence that countered this idea. A significant 2009 study on habit creation found that habits developed in a range of 18 to 254 days; participants reported taking an average of about 66 days to reliably incorporate one of three new daily activities — eating a piece of fruit with lunch, drinking a bottle of water with lunch or running for 15 minutes before dinner. Consistent daily repetition was the biggest factor influencing whether a behavior would become part of an automatic daily routine, says Lally, who was the first author on the study.

The type of activity is also a factor. Last year a study conducted by Camerer and his colleagues showed that creating a handwashing habit took a few weeks, compared with the half year it took for people to develop an exercise habit. Handwashing, the study noted, is less complex than exercising and offers more opportunities to practice. The researchers also suggested that habit formation depends on the effort that a person puts into practicing an activity and on the presence of environmental cues that would remind them to carry out the behavior.

1. Why is waking up early for a run mentioned in the first paragraph?

A．To advocate taking exercise regularly.

B．To express the difficulty of an early rise.

C．To stress the significance of getting up early.

D．To introduce how long it takes to develop a new habit.

2. Why was the “three-week theory” well received even without solid evidence?

A．Because the theory persisted for a long time.

B．Because a noted surgeon put forward this theory.

C．Because 21 days may be seen as realistic and achievable.

D．Because the theory was originated from a popular self-help book.

3. What is the key to making a habit stick according to the article?

A．Repeated practice.

B．Time.

C．Determination.

D．Individualized ways.

4. What’s the passage mainly about?

A．The ways of changing a habit.	B．The time frame of developing a habit.
C．The activities to create a habit.	D．The influence of having a habit.

10 . Ask any parents of young children whether they’ve ever felt overwhelmed (不堪重负的), and the answer will probably be — yes. Even in the most relaxed households there can be days when things seem to be out of control, leaving parents exhausted and annoyed. Kids often don’t have an off button or a quiet voice.

Common as this feeling is, there’s a personality trait (特点) that can make everyday family life more overwhelming for some parents. Roughly 20%-30% of the population are classed as being a highly sensitive person, according to a 2018 research. People who have it may find it hard to cope with bright lights and loud noise, and feel very stressful. It can also involve a stronger understanding of other people’s feelings — empathy (同情).

According to the psychologists, being highly sensitive is not a disorder but a personality trait — a way of responding to one’s environment. “Generally, highly sensitive people tend to react particularly strongly to sensory stimulation. They have stronger consciousness. They come to realize more details,” says Michael Pluess, a psychologist specializing in the study. “They will pick up on the moods of other people, have higher empathy, process things more deeply and pick up more about the environment. Deeply affected by what they see and feel, highly sensitive people are also easily overstimulated.”

The challenges highly sensitive parents face — including stress and overstimulation in a messy environment — can affect “high quality parenting”. In the early stages of parenthood, such parents report greater stress and find parenting more difficult than other parents do.

Fortunately, though, the trait also comes with certain advantages. Recent evidence suggests that while highly sensitive parents initially experienced high levels of stress, they showed improved parenting styles by the time their babies were nine months old. In the short term, sensitive people are more easily overwhelmed with change, but when it comes to parenting, highly sensitive parents have the potential to be exceptional. They can understand their children and respond to their needs quickly and appropriately.

Since parental overwhelm can affect anyone, whether highly sensitive or not, some of the coping strategies for highly sensitive people could benefit all parents.

1. What does the author imply in the first paragraph?

A．The life of young parents is colorful.

B．The kids are unhappy for lack of love.

C．Young kids are often tough to deal with.

D．It is easy to get everything under control.

2. What does Michael Pluess say about highly sensitive people?

A．They possess no good insight.

B．It is hard to overstimulate them.

C．They better understand the environment.

D．It is common for them to overlook details.

3. How does the author consider the high sensitivity among young parents?

A．Deeply rooted.	B．Extremely harmful.
C．Greatly unstable.	D．Potentially beneficial.

4. What might the author continue talking about?

A．Outcomes of coping strategies.

B．Tips for highly sensitive parents.

C．Responses to the concern about parenting.

D．Evaluation of overwhelmed parents’ impact.