1 . Besides the theory of evolution, Charles Darwin was also responsible for the theory of emotion, the most important principle of which was that the mind consists of two competing forces, the rational(理性的)and the emotional. He believed emotions played a part in the lives of non-human animals, but in humans emotions were a very small remaining part whose usefulness had been largely replaced by the evolution of reason.

This theory dominated his field for more than a century, but it was dead wrong. We now know that, on the contrary, emotions enhance our process of reasoning and aid our decision-making. In fact, we can’t make decisions, or even think, without being influenced by our emotions.

Consider a pioneering 2020 study in which researchers analyzed the work of 118 professional traders at four investment banks. Some were highly successful, but many were not. The researchers’ goal was to understand what differentiated the two groups. Their conclusion? The traders had different attitudes toward emotions.

The relatively less successful traders for the most part denied that emotions had an effect on their decision-making. The most successful traders, in contrast, had a different attitude. They showed a great willingness to reflect on their emotion-driven behaviour. They recognised that emotion and good decision-making were linked. Accepting that emotions were necessary for high performance, they tended to reflect critically about the role of emotion. Though the successful traders accepted the positive and essential role emotions played, they understood that when emotions become too intense it is useful to know how to tone them down. The issue for them was not how to avoid emotion, but how to harness it.

If emotions aid rational reasoning, how does that work? Perhaps the most important discovery regarding the role of emotion is that even when you believe you are exercising cold, logical reason, you aren’t. People aren’t usually aware of it, but the very framework of their thought process is highly influenced by what they’re feeling at the time. As the Caltech neuroscientist Ralph Adolphs puts it: “Each emotion is a functional state of the mind that puts your brain in a particular mode of operation that adjusts your goals, directs your attention, and modifies(调整) the weights you assign to various factors as you do mental calculations.

The new view of emotion may not correspond to the way Darwin saw it, but it does support one of the basic conclusions of his theory of evolution: humans are not as different from non-human animals as people believed. Want to fare better? Value and regulate your emotion.

1. Based on the study, successful traders would         .

A．reveal their hidden emotions

B．owe their success to emotions

C．review decisions depending on emotions

D．examine their actions influenced by emotions

2. What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?

A．Control and use.	B．Analyse and release.
C．Face and adapt to.	D．Understand and accept.

3. According to Paragraph 5, which of the following is the best example of Ralph Adolphs’ words?

A．Confidence may expose one to more chances.

B．Depression will consume one’s energy.

C．Anger may lead one to risk-seeking.

D．Optimism will affect one’s health.

4. What is mainly discussed in the passage?

A．The contributing factors to emotions.

B．The workable strategies of emotions.

C．The working principle of emotions.

D．The constructive role of emotions.

2 . Run by Society for Science, Regeneron Science Talent Search is a premier science and math competition for high-school seniors. One of the winners of this year is 17-year-oldE than Wong, who tries to improve existing technology. His focus: airplanes.

Nearly all planes have a tail. The tail keeps the plane’s nose from suddenly changing direction during a turn. The structure adds stability but weighs the plane down. Tailless-designed airplane wings could serve the same function as the tail, as well as cutting the environmental cost of air travel. But there’s a catch. Those wings must twist(弯曲) in a very precise way that makes them hard to produce.

Ethan became fascinated by this kind of airplane design when he saw a video of NASA’s Prandtl-D aircraft gliding gracefully through the air without a tail. “I just thought that was really cool,” says Ethan. He wondered if he could find a simpler way to achieve the same tailless flight.

“Essentially what I did was just trial and error,” Ethan says. Using a computer model of an airplane wing, he adjusted the angle of twist along the wing until it could achieve tailless flight. Usually, such a wing requires a continuous distribution of wing twist. But he could achieve a similar effect with wings that had just a few sections of twist. “It’s super easy to make,” Ethan says.

In his garage, Ethan built model airplanes using rubber materials and packing tape totes this design. “Seeing the plane in the air was pretty cool,” Ethan says. “It just flew really, really well.”

Lighter, more efficient planes could open the door to other air travel innovations. “It’s been a long-term goal of mine to build a solar plane that can fly through the day powered by solar panels on its wings,” Ethan says. “It is absolutely possible for a really efficient plane.”

To other teens who have big engineering ideas to explore, Ethan always says, “Don’t ever give up.” Even when some machinery feels impossible to understand, it help store member that the world’s greatest inventors are only human, too. “Also, just make sure you love whatever you do,” Ethan adds. “That’ll make pursuing everything a lot easier.”

1. What is one advantage of the tailless airplane?

A．It makes aircraft design easier.

B．It is environmentally friendly.

C．It reduces production costs.

D．It promotes flight stability.

2. What drew Ethan’s attention to the tailless airplane design?

A．The breakthrough in aircraft materials.

B．The flight of an aircraft in a video.

C．The prize for original design.

D．The desire for innovation.

3. In Ethan’s opinion, what help inventors realize their dreams?

A．Ambition and efficiency.

B．Enthusiasm and responsibility.

C．Passion and determination.

D．Confidence and independence.

3 . Pacific Science Center fieldtrips have gone virtual! Bring the fun and excitement of a PacSci fieldtrip to your students while engaging them with enriching content designed to enhance your curriculum (课程) and arouse their curiosity. PacSci’s educators join your classroom live from our Curiosity Studio, and lead students through live sessions featuring some of your favorite STEAM activities. Each program is 40 minutes long. We may be able to accommodate shorter or longer programs to fit your needs!

AVAILABLE PROGRAMS

Piece of Mind

Cost: $ 300

Maximum Number of Participants: 40

Best for Grades: 6-10

Description: Be inspired by the power of the brain as students learn how it controls memory, movement, and sight. Discover how the brain functions through live activities and fun puzzles, and see a real human brain sample!

Stick the Landing

Cost: $500 (includes 3 sessions)

Maximum Number of Participants: 30

Best for Grades: 9-12

Description: Over the course of 3 sessions, use the steps of the engineering design process to build a model of a Mar slander. Dive into past and future missions to Mars and carefully consider the criteria and restrictions for real Mars missions. Learn how engineers are just one of the many careers that contribute to complex solar system missions.

Night Sky Tonight

Cost Varies by Group Size

·1-99 participants: $ 250

·100-199 participants: $ 350

·200+participants: $550

Maximum Number of Participants: Unlimited

Best for Grades: 3-12

Description: Become a true backyard astronomer. Learn how living on a giant spinning ball changes what can be seen each night. Discover how to find stars, and even how the sky can be used to find directions!

Ecosystem Investigators

Cost: $ 200

Maximum Number of Participants: 50

Best for Grades: 3-8

Description: Work as a team to create a virtual ecosystem model revealing how living and non-living parts connect and interact in an aquatic (水生的) environment. Using new knowledge about ecosystem interactions, become a wetland scientist and explore the relationship between organisms in a real pond sample. For more details, please check out our Program Requirements.

1. What can we learn about Pacific Science Center fieldtrips?

A．Each program is for one certain grade.

B．The expense for each program varies.

C．The length for each program is unchangeable.

D．Every program has a max number of participants.

2. Cooperation is needed in the program             .

A．Piece of Mind	B．Stick the Landing
C．Nigh tSky Tonight	D．Ecosystem Investigators

3. The passage is intended for            .

A．tour guides	B．research scientists
C．school teachers	D．program designers

4 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Reading is a unique human experience. Just by skimming our eyes over some words, we can    1    (mental) travel across time and space.

But reading can also be hard, especially when we’re faced with a difficult text.    2    (make) it an easier, more rewarding experience, you’d better read in print whenever possible. One reason for doing so is that our eyes are less likely to skim past printed words than those    3    screen. Plus, consuming content on a physical page helps the brain make a mental map of the information,    4    in turn makes it easier to remember details in future.

5 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

I am a 22-year-old artist. My journey through art led me to being an environmentalist.

    1    we consider waste may be useful when we think about it in a different light. Although largely    2     (ignore), materials thrown away provide plenty of resources for us artists to give them a second life. In my hands, glass bottles, plastic bags, and other waste    3    (item) become a form of sustainable art. I want to motivate the people who buy this type of art to contribute to the planet’s welfare.

6 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The world will observe International Museum Dayon May 18th. Since 1977, this day    1    (celebrate) by the International Council of Museums annually to raise awareness of the role that museums play in the development of society. The day is an excellent way of    2    (get) more of the younger generations interested in the history and culture available in museums. Every year, the organization    3    (decide) on a new theme. And the theme for 2023 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being.

7 . One October morning, I planned to take Honey, my dog, out with me. We live in a_______area up in the hills. Our driveway is barely wide enough for one car, with a ravine (深沟) on one side. While I was starting the car slowly, a flash of sunlight_______me. I put my hand up to block the sunlight. Suddenly, the car slipped in the soft soil, and rolled down the ravine. After several rolls, we_______upside down. I was stuck and felt a sharp pain in my chest. I looked over to find Honey. Luckily, she was okay.

We were at least 50 feet down. Just as I’d_______, my cellphone couldn’t get a signal.

Calm down! It old myself. At least I could get Honey out of here. Painfully, I reached over and picked her up and_______put her through a broken window. “Go home, baby.” She jumped to the ground and raced up the side of the ravine.

I could do nothing but sit there for hours. The last bit of light faded away.

Slam! Was that a car door? “Help!” I shouted with all my_______.

“Mike! Where are you?” It was Robin, my closest neighbor, who lived two miles downhill from me.

Half an hour later, the rescue crew_______and rushed me to the hospital.

The next day Robin brought Honey to the hospital. She got right up next to me on the bed and snuggled (依偎) close. With her there, it was like my pain_______. “I got home from work and Honey was waiting for me,” Robin said. “She got_______and ran in circles, like she was trying to tell me something!” Robin figured he’d bring Honey back to my________, and that’s when he heard me shout.

Honey, my life-saving hero!

1.

A．crowded

B．new

C．popular

D．remote

2.

A．covered

B．blinded

C．burnt

D．warned

3.

A．landed

B．circled

C．drove

D．pulled

4.

A．hesitated

B．feared

C．agreed

D．doubted

5.

A．actively

B．constantly

C．gently

D．secretly

6.

A．courage

B．wisdom

C．patience

D．strength

7.

A．called

B．arrived

C．formed

D．searched

8.

A．returned

B．spread

C．froze

D．disappeared

9.

A．confused

B．disappointed

C．anxious

D．bored

10.

A．house

B．car

C．hospital

D．office

8 . 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

We all like to think that we are rational (理性的) thinkers, but poor decisions and choices are evident all around us: staying in bad relationships or boring jobs, taking up smoking, eating too much junk food; the list goes on. So why can’t we make better decisions? One reason appears to be what psychologists call “decision fatigue”: the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. For example, if you are ground down by everyday struggles, you have less mental energy for good decisions.

However, studies point to the fact that deciding things early in the day is likely to lead to better outcomes. Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.

Another worthwhile strategy is to pretend that you are advising an imaginary friend, rather than relating decisions to your own life. This creates a distance between you and the issues in question, and can help you to think logically rather than emotionally.

People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉).

Perhaps the most important thing we can do to minimize the possibility of regret is to make sure that our decisions are in line with our life values; in other words, to have a life vision and be true to it. Instead of asking ourselves questions such as “Which option is safer?” or “Which option is best financially?”, it is far better to ask “How will I feel about this when I’m 70?”.

1. What does “decision fatigue” mean?
________________
2. Why do people tend to make good decisions early in the day?
________________
3. Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
▷Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.
________________
4. In addition to the strategies in the passage, please suggest another way to make good decisions. (In about 40 words)
________________

9 . With climate change continuing to worsen, our situation is beginning to feel increasingly serious.     1     Is it right? Maybe not.

Techno-optimism is one of the greatest misconceptions when it comes to solutions to ensure our future. It can be defined as a belief that future technologies will solve all of our current problems. This definition reinforces (强化) the idea that there’s no reason to panic or change our current energy-intensive lifestyle. All society needs to do is look to green technology to work its magic.     2    

One of the best examples of this optimistic misconception is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an eco-friendly way to get around, electric cars are not the end for the future of transport. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we could be seeing a shortage of by the midcentury.     3     Techno-optimism has led many to believe that if everyone just switched to driving electric vehicles, we would be making incredible steps towards sustainability. However, the reality is that the amount of resources and energy needed to produce enough electric vehicles for everyone is not even remotely sustainable.

    4     Investing in public transportation and moving away from individually owned vehicles. Producing fewer cars. Improving recycling practices of old batteries. The solutions we seek should not be rooted in new technology, but be about changing the way our society functions.

Techno-optimism puts too much emphasis on technology and not enough on what we can do right this minute. Unfortunately, people seem to like the picture that techno-optimism paints.     5     It is important to understand that the problem begins when we see those technologies as a way to make our current lifestyles eco-friendly. Until we are ready to face the need for a less complex life, we cannot make true progress towards sustainability.

A．So where should we look for answers instead?

B．The modern world’s simple solution is technology.

C．Moreover, they are more energy intensive to produce.

D．Is it a trap that many people have fallen into in recent years?

E．Unfortunately, this is an incredibly dangerous opinion to hold.

F．Despite any technology, we as a whole are not living sustainably.

G．Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in our lifestyles.

10 . Arguably, the biggest science development of the year to date has been the images of the very depths of the universe taken by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Those images beg a comparison between the external and internal universes that science is bent on observing and understanding.

Decades ago, astrophysicist Carl Sagan famously said, “The universe is also within is. We’re made of star-stuff. We are a way for the universe to know itself. ” He was commenting then on the reality that our internal universe was as complex and as fantastic as the outer space.

There are many similarities between the progress we’ve made in understanding the universe and in piecing together life’s inner workings. Like the technological developments that took us from Galileo’s telescope to the Hubble to the JWST, life science tools have also improved rapidly. From early light microscopes to modern super-resolution ones, these developments have afforded researchers a deep look into biology’s infinitesimal (无限小的) landscape. Learning that living things were composed of cells was, not a terribly long time ago, a revolutionary observation. Since then, scientists have been able to dive ever deeper into the components of life.

Going beyond merely observing the complicated makeup of organisms, life scientists can now discover the workings of molecules (分子). And that is where scanning the universe differs from peering into biology. Understanding the universe, especially from a functional standpoint, is not necessarily an immediate urgency. Understanding biology on that level is. Simply observing the amazing internal structure of cells is not enough. Biologists must also characterize how all those parts interact and change in different environments and when faced with various challenges. Being able to image a virus or bacterium is nice at the level of basic science. But knowing how viruses gain entry into cells and spread, infect, and disable can literally save lives. Through time, biology has risen to this mechanistic challenge. Not only can life science tools produce images of cell components, even more importantly, they can help predict the effects of drugs on receptors, of immune cells on foreign invaders (入侵者), and of genetic perturbations (基因干扰) on development and aging.

This is not to belittle the work of scientists researching into universe. They should rightly be praised for delivering views of impossibly distant, impossibly massive phenomena. My aim is to celebrate these accomplishments while at the same time recognizing that science’s inward search for detail and insight is equally impressive and, in my view, more urgent. The output of both the outward and inward explorations should stimulate wonder in everyone. After all, it’s all star-stuff.

1. Why does the author quote Carl Sagan’s comment in Paragraph 2?

A．To introduce the background.	B．To prove an assumption.
C．To make a comparison.	D．To present an idea.

2. Like the study of the universe, life science has been advancing in ________.

A．study approaches	B．system management
C．research facilities	D．technology integration

3. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that biologists’ work is ________.

A．practical

B．risky

C．flexible

D．popular

4. As for life science, which would the author agree with?

A．It has received universal recognition.	B．It should enjoy priority in development.
C．It can be applied in the majority of areas.	D．It is more complicated than space science.