1 . With the help from an artificial language (AL) model, MIT neuroscientists have discovered what kind of sentences are most likely to fire up the brain’s key language processing centers. The new study reveals that sentences that are more complex, because of either unusual grammar or unexpected meaning, generate stronger responses in these language processing centers. Sentences that are very straightforward barely engage these regions, and meaningless orders of words don’t do much for them either.

In this study, the researchers focused on language-processing regions found in the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain. By collecting a set of 1,000 sentences from various sources, the researchers measured the brain activity of participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they read the sentences. The same sentences were also fed into a large language model, similar to ChatGPT, to measure the model’s activation patterns. Once the researchers had all of those data, they trained the model to predict how the human language network would respond to any new sentence based on how the artificial language network responded to these 1,000 sentences.

The researchers then used the model to determine 500 new sentences that would drive highest brain activity and sentences that would make the brain less active, and their findings were confirmed in subsequent human participants. To understand why certain sentences generate stronger brain responses, the model examined the sentences based on 11 different language characteristics. The analysis revealed that sentences that were more surprising resulted in greater brain activity. Another linguistic (语言的) aspect that correlated with the brain’s language network responses was the complexity of the sentences, which was determined by how well they followed English grammar rules and bow logically they linked with each other.

The researchers now plan to see if they can extend these findings in speakers of languages other than English. They also hope to explore what type of stimuli may activate language processing regions in the brain’s right hemisphere.

1. What sentences make our brain work harder?

A．Lengthy.	B．Logical.
C．Straightforward.	D．Complicated.

2. What is the function of the AL model in the research?

A．To examine language network.	B．To reduce language complexity.
C．To locate language processing area.	D．To identify language characteristics.

3. How did the researchers carry out their study?

A．By conducting interviews.	B．By collecting questionnaires.
C．By analyzing experiment data.	D．By reviewing previous studies.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．AL Model Stimulates Brain Activities

B．AL Model Speeds Up Language Learning

C．AL Model Reveals the Secrets of Brain Activation

D．AL Model Enhances Brain Processing Capacity

2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Last year, 28-year-old Jane Bell moved to a suburb of Philadelphia for her newly found job and rent a house with a big yard in a village.

Jane had the habit of rising early for exercise. One cold morning, she was jogging through the nearby park when she spotted a weak husky lying by the path, seeming to have been deserted. She approached and checked it, only to find one of the dog’s legs severely broken. The pitiful dog looked at her with its sad blue eyes as if asking her for help. Blaming the dog’s previous owner for the selfish and irresponsible action, Jane, without hesitation, bent down and carried the dog home. Then she drove the dog to an animal clinic for a checkup and treatment, where a doctor told Jane it would take about 3 months before the dog got well.

Jane returned home with the dog, which she called Kobe. She made a comfortable den (窝) in the front yard and took great trouble to look after it. With time going on, Kobe gradually recovered and was able to get around with her. Every morning, Jane would take Kobe for a run. Every evening Jane came home from work, Kobe would welcome her, excitedly wagging (摇) its tail at her. Kobe kept Jane company and became her inseparable and loyal friend.

Jane’s furry companion was usually gentle and quiet. But one dawn Jane was woken up by Kobe’s loud barking and the constant noise of its pawing (用爪子抓) at the door. The moment she opened the door, Kobe pulled on her clothes with its mouth, attempting to lead her away from the yard. Initially dismissing it as typical dog behavior, Jane patted Kobe on the head to quiet it, saying firmly, “No, Kobe! Good boy, ca lm down!” However, the dog didn’t stop behaving strangely. It arched its back, its nose moving against a piece of ground in the yard anxiously. Jane was surprised and confused.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Then Kobe began to dig the ground with its paws.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Soon gas workers came.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

One of my favourite things about spring is the arrival of different species of birds. My grandfather was a bird lover, and I picked up the birdwatching hobby at a young age, thanks to his influence. My husband John and I found it a relaxing way to enjoy nature; we like birdwatching when we go camping or hiking. Plus, I have a great love of nature photography, so when we sit out in the backyard of our home, I always have my digital camera with me. John is an artist, and he often paints the birds I photograph.

Usually when the yellow warblers (莺) come back from the south in springtime, they pass us by; we don’t typically see them hanging around our home. But not on this particular sunny day in spring. As soon as I finished my workday, I put on a light jacket and went out to the backyard to relax in my favourite way: by watching the birds.

While taking some pictures of cardinals (红衣凤头鸟) and chickadees (北美山雀) at one of our feeders, I looked up and noticed this yellow warbler in our maple tree. The tree had recently begun to bud, and the bird’s yellow feathers looked striking against the yellow blooms, so I took this photo. Our backyard has a variety of trees and between my husband and me, we’ve documented almost 40 different species of birds. I’ve photographed most of them, but some can be a bit camera shy so I also keep a written list of what we see. Our more common visitors are cardinals, chickadees, hummingbirds and various sparrows.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day, I was watching the yellow warbler jumping among trees when a snake crawled towards it.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
At this time, I saw many small stones in the backyard.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was a warm Sunday. 16-year-old Stella settled down with a book, enjoying her quiet moment when her friend Bog came over with his 6-year-old sister. “Stella, please! I need you to help to watch Hazel! I have a lecture to attend this afternoon,” Bog begged.

Stella frowned, not thrilled with the idea of babysitting a little girl. However, Bog didn’t offer her any other choice. He dropped Hazel off with Stella and quickly ran away before she could react.

With a heavy sigh, Stella unwillingly turned her attention to Hazel. “Fine, just stay there and don’t cause any trouble,” she grumbled (嘟囔). To her surprise, little Hazel smiled and obediently sat by the table, drawing quietly without making a single noise.

For the next hour, Stella was quietly engaged in reading without being disturbed by Hazel. Gradually, her annoyance disappeared and she got accustomed to the company of Hazel. After a while, Hazel cautiously approached Stella, holding a picture. “Look, it’s you and me,” she said in a low voice. It was a simple drawing of two girls, hand in hand, smiling.

Stella’s heart softened as she looked at the drawing. She felt guilty about treating Hazel impatiently. Setting her book aside, Stella smiled warmly and said, “I love it. Thank you!” Then Stella began to join Hazel to create it together.

Just as they were lost in a world of colors, a sudden phone ringing broke the warm atmosphere. It was a phone call from her friend, reminding her about the long-awaited plan to go skating on the ice rink (溜冰场). Stella’s heart sank because she had forgotten all about it. She was torn between the desire to go skating and her duty to look after Hazel. She was also worried that taking her to skate would prevent her from enjoying gliding (滑) freely on the ice.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

As Stella hesitated, Hazel looked up at her with hopeful eyes.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hazel admiringly watched Stella and her friends gliding on the ice.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . 读后续写，阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Bus driver Harlan Jenifer was out at 3 am to drive his bus around Torresdale Avenue near Cottman in the Tacony neighborhood when he saw a tiny figure (人影) waiting at the bus stop. It was Annabelle, a 4-year-old little girl.

It was the wee hours (凌晨) of a rainy morning and Harlan was out to drive his SEPTA's 56 bus on his regular route (路线).As usual, he picked up his passengers (乘客) one by one. Of course, he had no idea that he would pick up a special (特别的) passenger at this time in the morning. Just as he was about to pass a stop near the Tacony neighborhood, a woman passenger told him about a little girl she saw, all alone waiting at the bus stop. He stopped his bus and was shocked (震惊的)   at what he saw. Wearing her purple raincoat, sleeping clothes, and her boots, little Annabelle was patiently waiting for the bus to stop so she could ride on it.

The bus driver could not believe his eyes. His passengers at the time were also shocked to see a tiny kid all alone in the rain at that moment. Seeing a child about the age of a preschooler at 3 am without any adult (成年人) with her was surely a shock. Harlan was quite surprised and then it hit him. He had to do something to take the little girl safely back home.

He and the passengers on the bus tried to find out how this happened. As it turned out, Annabelle even walked 5 blocks (街区) in the rain before she reached the bus stop where she was found. Without hesitation (犹豫) , Harlan called the local police and told them of the little girl they found.

As Annabelle sat on the bus, the passengers comforted (安慰) her and made sure she was okay. As the little girl sat with the other passengers, she shared her mission (使命) that early morning. “All I want is a slushie(冰沙),” That was all she said. By the way, slushie is a frozen treat (冷冻食品) .

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Within an hour, police officers came to fetch Annabelle.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Annabelle’s parents were happy to see her again.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.

Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.

In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．How past events should be presented.	B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.	D．Why written language is reliable.

2. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?

A．His report was scientific.	B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.	D．His record was one-sided.

3. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Problem.

B．History.

C．Voice.

D．Society.

4. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?

A． How Maps Tell Stories of the World	B． A Short History of Australia
C． A History of the World in 100 Objects	D． How Art Works Tell Stories

7 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两端，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I have a 6-year-old boy, Sam. He is autistic(患自闭症的). Thus, dining out can be terrible. Though he loves to eat out, he dislikes the loud noise in a restaurant. He has a method to solve it: overpower(压倒) all noise with a much louder noise of his own.

This begins what I think of as fighting tables: neighboring parties raise their voice followed by Sam raising his until the loudest point of the noise is reached, making us quite unpopular with other dinners.

Faced with a possible long-time dining alone, I decided to teach my son table manners with his favourite chocolate cake at a new modern cake shop early one Tuesday night.

To my joy, we arrived at an empty cake shop. Everything went well until women entered. Neatly dressed in a simple way, they were two tables away from us. I felt a sense of bad luck coming.

The women began to chat, paying little attention to us. Sam happily took this as his start to talk loudly and overpower them. I asked Sam for a quiet voice, but unluckily Sam had left that voice at home. I looked at the neighboring table, knowing we wouldn’t go noticed much longer. I planned to ask Sam to eat quickly and leave. Sam, who usually has food unhurriedly, refused to accept the sudden idea of fast dining, and he kept talking endlessly.

“SHUSH!” I said, a little angry. Sam laughed loudly as his reply. “Be quiet!” I could see that the two women were now watching us.

注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡上相应位置作答。

Finally, the older of the two women came over.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

It turned out to be a perfect night.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . 语法填空

The Art of Chinese Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam (新疆维吾尔木卡姆艺术) is a     1    (represent) name of various kinds of Muqam in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (自治区),     2     was declared one of the UNESCO Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005.

Muqam,     3    (recognise) as the mother of Uyghur music, is not only     4     artistic creation with a long history, but also a record of     5    (communicate) between China and the regions to the west of it in history. It can be found in 19 countries and regions in Central, South, and West Asia, and North Africa, which is     6    (particular) due to Xinjiang’s central location along the Silk Road.

In Muqam ensembles (乐团), the lead instruments, called satar, are made from local materials and vary in form. The dancing skills involve unique steps, rhythms, and formations as well as     7    (figure) such as flower-picking-by-mouth, bowl-carrying-on-head, and imitation of animals in solo dances.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, every possible means     8    (use) to preserve the Twelve Muqam by the Chinese government. About 20 study centres have been set up     9    (train) professional researchers on Muqam. Moreover, the government has introduced Muqam     10     the national artistic education system.

9 . The scars that Pat Rribble carried through life were formed nearly 50 years ago, inflicted (欺负) by fellow students in Woodland, who _______him because he was different.

Pat never _______or had children after graduating. He never had a _______, only a series of jobs. Now 65, Pat appears _______with his long gray hair and beard, whom you might cross the street to _______. But, to talk with him reveals (展现出) a _______side. He speaks quietly, measuring his words to _______his weakness, for which others once seized upon to _______him.

In 2021, when Carey Jim, Pat's classmate, learned Pat _______to attend his high school class's party ________ he'd been hurt in school, he ________. “Pat had it rougher than the rest of us.” Days later, Carey found Pat's ________and called. Pat answered. “We talked about the ________things, and the good things too,” Pat said. “Carey's love and ________caught me unexpectedly.” After that, Carey asked all his ________to call Pat. And so they did. They made a ________that they wouldn't lose track of Pat, and they have ________it for over ten years. Every week, one or more of them call Pat to see how he's doing.

The recovery of the ________from the past has allowed Pat to look to the ________. “I'll be at the next party,” he says. “These guys…” He pauses, stifling (强忍) ________. “Let's just say that everyone needs people like these guys in their lives.”

1.

A．amused

B．targeted

C．inspired

D．criticised

2.

A．resisted

B．regretted

C．married

D．appeared

3.

A．career

B．family

C．friend

D．complaint

4.

A．tough

B．cool

C．optimistic

D．confident

5.

A．hug

B．avoid

C．greet

D．follow

6.

A．selfish

B．mature

C．brave

D．gentle

7.

A．cover

B．ignore

C．express

D．change

8.

A．fight

B．help

C．hurt

D．protect

9.

A．promised

B．expected

C．decided

D．refused

10.

A．after

B．because

C．though

D．even if

11.

A．felt great

B．became annoyed

C．fell silent

D．looked disappointed

12.

A．address

B．house

C．photo

D．number

13.

A．unimportant

B．unbelievable

C．unforgettable

D．unpleasant

14.

A．punishment

B．explanation

C．kindness

D．questions

15.

A．teachers

B．families

C．classmates

D．colleagues

16.

A．plan

B．promise

C．require

D．comment

17.

A．kept

B．discussed

C．remembered

D．promoted

18.

A．loss

B．weakness

C．illness

D．wounds

19.

A．past

B．future

C．situation

D．truth

20.

A．tears

B．joy

C．pain

D．anger

10 . 假定你是李华，你的英国好友Judy发来邮件，提到她最近在浏览中国的一些网站时发现穿汉服已经成为一种时尚，她对该现象非常感兴趣。请你用英语给她回一封邮件，从汉服的特点及传统文化的复兴等方面解释汉服兴起的原因。
注意：词数100左右。
Dear Judy,

I’m very glad to hear

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua