1 . European shepherds (牧羊人) and ranchers (大牧场主) are taking the lead in forest fire prevention, by leading their animals to clear away underbrush that allows fires to grow too big, a new study shows.

In thinner forested areas, large herbivores (食草动物) were found in a study to be greatly effective in reducing forest fire risk. “In general terms, it is clear that wild and semi-wild herbivores like horses can reduce wildfire risk through their eating grass,” says Julia Rouet-Leduc, lead author of the study. “Such herbivores can be particularly effective in remote areas, where careful management can prevent wildfire and benefit wild nature in other ways.”

Smaller animals like goats and sheep are ideal for areas that lack natural predators (捕食者). There are no large predators in all of Italy, and without the risk of losing an expensive animal, the eating habits of these smaller animals kept on a farm make them perfect for clearing underbrush and things which larger herbivores can’t stomach.

But there were laws that prevent goats and sheep from entering woods in order to protect them. Since natural numbers of red deer, and other native herbivores have long since disappeared from European forests, the loss of sheep and goats meant that nothing prevented grass from spreading in forests, turning brushfires into dangerous disasters.

That’s why shepherds on Sardinia have written a letter to the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, asking not only to allow their animals to eat grass within the woods, but to create a restoration project of rural areas in Montiferru, where Italy’s worst wildfire in 40 years recently burned its way from the mountain tops to the sea.

Their plan is to bring in more shepherds to better control the fires, and encourage eco-tourism in the area, to incentivize the shepherds to stay. This is already seeing success through both private and public inspiring measures in Catalunya, Spain.

1. What do Julia Rouet-Leduc’s words mainly show?

A．Shepherds should keep large herbivores.

B．Herbivores can greatly help reduce wildfires.

C．Better management is needed to protect forests.

D．Wild and semi-wild herbivores lack natural predators.

2. Why were there not sheep and goats in woods in the past?

A．They were not allowed by law.

B．They couldn’t feed well there.

C．They had been killed by hunters.

D．They had been eaten up by predators.

3. What was the purpose of shepherds on Sardinia in writing the letter?

A．To ask permission to raise more sheep.

B．To protect woods from hungry goats and sheep.

C．To offer a way of protecting forests from wildfires.

D．To draw attention to Italy’s worst wildfire in 40 years.

4. What does the underlined word “incentivize” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Pay.

B．Prove.

C．Remind.

D．Encourage.

2 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What got the speaker to study psychology?

A．Her observation of adults.

B．Her university education.

C．Her unhappy childhood.

2. What kind of people did the speaker study first?

A．Wealthy people.

B．Creative people.

C．Ordinary people.

3. What has the speaker discovered in her study?

A．Creative people are happier than other people.

B．People are happier when they concentrate hard.

C．People’s happiness depends on where they are.

4. How does the speaker feel about her study?

A．Satisfied.

B．Surprised.

C．Disappointed.

3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the woman?

A．An athlete.

B．A hostess.

C．A coach.

2. Why did Noah start horse riding?

A．He was very interested in horses.

B．He wished to defeat his fear of animals.

C．He wanted to get pleasure from horse riding.

3. How has Noah benefited from horse riding?

A．He’s much fitter.

B．He’s more energetic.

C．He’s more patient.

4. What would Noah like to do when he gets older?

A．Teach kids to ride horses.

B．Work as a horse trainer.

C．Win more horse riding races.

4 . Tourists have been going there for centuries to visit its celebrated cafe and get __________ taste for the party atmosphere. (用适当的词填空)

5 . Joshua trees — some of the most unusual and famous plants of the American Southwest — have survived as a species for some 2.5 million years in the Mojave Desert. Now, they may face extinction due to climate change.

In a new study published in the journal Ecosphere, researchers and volunteer scientists surveyed nearly 4,000 trees in southern California’s Joshua Tree National Park to figure out where the oldest trees grew the best during historic periods of extreme heat and drought. Then, the researchers estimated (估算) how many of these Joshua safe areas would survive to the end of the century based on a range of climate change predictions.

The study authors found that if greenhouse gas emissions (排放物) are seriously limited and summer temperatures are limited to an increase of 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit, about 19% of the park’s Joshua tree habitat (栖息地) would survive after the year 2070. If no action is taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and summer temperatures rise by 9 degrees Fahrenheit or more, however, only 0.02% of the tree’s habitat would survive to the end of the century, leaving the tree close to extinction.

One way to save the Joshua trees from extinction is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, even if the habitats survive, these trees will still be in danger because of wildfires, which have also been happening more often as the climate warms. According to the researchers, fewer than 10% of Joshua trees survive when wildfires rush through their habitats.

“Removing grass is a way park rangers (护林员) are helping to protect the area from fire today,” Sweet, a plant ecologist at the University of California, said. “By protecting the trees, they’re protecting a host of other native insects and animals that depend on them as well.”

1. Why did the researchers survey some Joshua trees?

A．To predict the number of Joshua trees.

B．To know their past and predict their future.

C．To make sure they will be safe from disasters.

D．To set up more nature reserves for Joshua trees.

2. What would the researchers agree with as for Joshua Tree National Park’s Joshua trees?

A．Their future is in humans’ hand.

B．Their numbers are dropping greatly.

C．They may adapt to rising temperatures.

D．They are suffering most from climate change.

3. What does the last but one paragraph focus on?

A．Another way to save Joshua trees.

B．Another threat Joshua trees may face.

C．The importance of Joshua trees’ habitats.

D．The chance of fire happening to Joshua trees.

4. Which best describes the park rangers’ work of removing grass?

A．Skilled.	B．Challenging.
C．Creative.	D．Worthwhile.

6 . A couple, Jake Williams and Charlotte Sinclair, were absolutely done with the long isolation (隔离), following a few years of COVID-19, and then they decided to launch (发起) a community plan. They started Talk the Walk and managed to make people get together, explore London on foot, and get to know each other.

The number one mission was to have fun — even if only a few people showed up for the free events. That’s what they expected when they started on Meetup.com. Suddenly they were getting hundreds of people responding with excitement.

200-300 people of various ages now regularly attend each event, which opens with the playing of icebreaker games. The couple designed the games to be easy for shy people, too, with “fun questions” breaking the nervousness. They picked interesting places to visit. Attendees were even surprised with an offer of chocolate.

“I’ve done some crazy things in my time working from home to stop loneliness, like dog sitting for people and joining gyms just so I can have more conversations with people,” Jake said.

“I think that it’s hugely impactful for people who have been affected by COVID-19, by being forced to work from home and having that isolation,” he continued.

They’ve seen older people talking with younger people, and people becoming friends — so much so that the strangers are now meeting on their own after becoming familiar.

Talk the Walk organised their last event last year, but said they’ll be back once it starts to warm up again.

Nearly 2,000 members in their Meetup community and followers on their Facebook Page are waiting for that day, but at the same time, this young couple might serve as your very own inspiration to connect people in your own communities.

1. What is the couple’s purpose in starting Talk the Walk?

A．To reduce the effect brought by COVID-19.

B．To encourage people to do physical exercise.

C．To find interesting activities in and around London.

D．To end loneliness and bring communities back together.

2. How did Talk the Walk manage to attract more people?

A．By giving attendees amazing presents.

B．By arranging easy games and activities.

C．By making the organised events enjoyable.

D．By choosing famous destinations to explore.

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Talk the Walk is really needed.

B．New events will take place in no time.

C．Talk the Walk is popular with young people.

D．The couple moved people in the community.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Be active to get in touch with people

B．Take part in events after the long isolation

C．Couple answers loneliness with organised walks

D．Thousands of people show up for interesting events

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A strong earthquake made Joseph Cadeau wake up from sleep on Saturday. Cadeau, a teenage boy,     1     (immediate) got up and ran out of his home in Les Cayes, a city in Haiti. On the way out, Cadeau was knocked out by rubble (碎石). Moments later, Cadeau moved out of the house with great     2     (difficult). Unable to walk, Cadeau lay down in the street.

Cadeau was one of at least 12,268 people     3    were injured during the earthquake. It struck Haiti’s southwest region around 8:30 am on Saturday,     4     (claim) at least 2,207 lives, according to Haiti’s Civil Protection agency.

Cadeau managed to get out of the rubble     5    his own. He was not sure how long he had lain in the street until he     6     (rush) to a health facility eventually by     7    stranger. When Cadeau reached the health facility, he had to wait since there were not     8     (sufficiency) health workers to take care of so many injured people. While he was waiting, Cadeau’s foot began swelling (肿胀).

“I received treatment too late, which is why my foot is swollen like that,” said the teenager, pointing at    9     (he) swollen foot. “Fortunately, I survived and have a chance     10     (rebuild) my hometown and give back to the society.”

8 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Where is Arctic terns' breeding place?

A．In the Indian Ocean.

B．In the Fame Islands.

C．In the Cape of Good Hope.

2. When will Arctic terns reach their destination?

A．In March.

B．In July.

C．In November.

3. Where does the bar-tailed godwit fly?

A．To Africa.

B．To New Zealand.

C．To the Antarctica.

4. Who do the longest mammal journey?

A．Whales.

B．Dragonflies.

C．Leatherback turtles.

9 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Where does the man live?

A．In Seattle.

B．In Chicago.

C．In New York.

2. What has the man lost?

A．His passport.

B．His credit card.

C．His driver’s license.

3. What will the man have to do?

A．Prepare some form of ID.

B．Find a photocopy of his passport.

C．Have an extra security screening.

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. When will Emma perform?

A．In late August.

B．In mid-July.

C．In early June.

2. Where will Emma teach at a music camp?

A．In Chicago.

B．In Texas.

C．In California.

3. What will Emma do in Florida?

A．Raise money for orphans.

B．Have a vacation week.

C．Organize a music concert.