1 . Neuroengineer Silvestro Micera develops advanced technological solutions to help people regain sensory and motor functions that have been lost due to injury events or neurological disorders. Until now, he has never before worked on strengthening the human body and cognition with the help of technology.

Now in a study published in Science Robotics, Micera and his team report on how diaphragm (隔膜) movement can be monitored for successful control of an extra arm, essentially augmenting a healthy individual with a third-robotic-arm.

For further exploration, the researchers first built a virtual environment to test a healthy user’s capacity to control a virtual arm using movement of his or her diaphragm. They found that diaphragm control does not interfere with actions like controlling one’s physiological (生理的) arms, one’s speech or gaze.

In this virtual reality setup, the user is equipped with a belt that measures diaphragm movement. Wearing a virtual reality headset, the user sees three arms: the right arm and hand, the left arm and hand, and a third arm between the two with a symmetric (对称), six-fingered hand.

In the virtual environment, the user is then hinted to reach out with either the left hand, the right hand, or in the middle with the symmetric hand. In the real environment, the user holds onto an exoskeleton (外骨骼) with both arms, which allows for control of the virtual left and right arms. Movement detected by the belt around the diaphragm is used for controlling the virtual middle, symmetric arm. The setup was tested on 61 healthy subjects (受试者) in over 150 sessions.

Previous studies regarding the control of robotic arms have been focused on helping the disabled. The latest Science Robotics study is a step beyond repairing the human body towards augmentation. “Our next step is to explore the use of more complex robotic devices using our various control strategies, to perform real-life tasks, both inside and outside of the laboratory. Only then will we be able to grasp the real potential of this approach,” concludes Micera.

1. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?

A．To introduce the topic.	B．To show an evidence.
C．To summarize the general idea.	D．To offer some background.

2. What are the fourth and fifth paragraphs probably about?

A．A virtual reality game.	B．A new medical device.
C．A new treatment method.	D．An experiment on animals.

3. How does the author support the theme of the text?

A．By listing some related data.	B．By offering some examples.
C．By making some comparisons.	D．By describing research processes.

4. What is probably continued with the text?

A．How to expand controllable robotic devices.

B．Where to find new and exciting opportunities.

C．How to further develop the robot market potential.

D．Why to balance inside and outside of the laboratory.

2 . We should treat everyone we meet for the first time nicely, ____________.
我们应该友好地对待第一次见面的人，不管他们看起来怎么样。

3 . They see a poor young man _______________.
他们看见一个可怜的年轻人在他们的房子外面走。

4 . Is it common for people to do _______________ ?
对于人们来说，是不是常常做陈所做的事？

5 . She _______________ the money Wang offered.
她本应该接受王提供的钱。

6 . What kind of person ______________ Chen Liyan is?
你认为陈燕是什么样的人？

7 . Chen took out a large loan _______________.
陈取得一大笔贷款来治好她的女儿。

8 . Black holes________not be seen directly so determining the number of them is a tough task.

A．can

B．should

C．must

D．need

9 . 单词释义

A. a particular situation B. on or of lower floors of a building C. a special event or celebration D. the act of gambling E. to make a place your permanent home F. a person whose job is to make men’s clothes G. something that you have to do out of responsibility

1. bet
2. case
3. downstairs
4. duty
5. occasion
6. settle
7. tailor

10 . A year ago, my wife and I sold one of our cars and replaced it with an e-bike. I knew that passenger vehicles are responsible for much of our greenhouse-gas emissions. I also knew that electric cars were an imperfect fix. Though they’re responsible for less carbon pollution than gas cars, their supply chain is carbon intensive. But an e-bike’s comparatively tiny battery means less electricity, fewer emissions and fewer resources. E-bikes are clearly better for the planet than cars of any kind.

But I also viewed getting rid of my car as a sacrifice. I live in Colorado; e-biking would mean freezing in winter and sweating in summer. It was the right thing to do, I thought, but it was not going to be fun.

I was very wrong. The first thing I noticed was the savings. Between car payments, insurance, maintenance (保养), and gas, a car-centered lifestyle is expensive. I predict that we’ll save about $50,000 over the next five years by selling our car.

The actual experience of riding to work each day over the past year has been equally surprising. In winter, I wear gloves, warm socks, a thick cap, and a ski jacket when I ride, and I am almost never too cold. In summer, I didn’t break a sweat. I just used the throttle (油门), sat back, and enjoyed my ride.

I arrived to work a little more lighthearted for having spent the morning in fresh air rather than traffic. I jumped on my bike after a stressful day at work and rode home down a street edged with changing fall leaves. I felt more connected to the physical environment around me than I had when I’d traveled the same route surrounded by metal and glass.

1. Why did the author change a car for an e-bike?

A．He wanted to do something good for environment.

B．He thought that e-bikes would replace gas vehicles.

C．He couldn’t afford the expensive transportation costs.

D．He believed e-bike’s supply chain was environment-friendly.

2. What did the author think he would sacrifice for the e-biking?

A．The traffic safety.	B．The traffic comfort.
C．The traffic economy.	D．The traffic convenience.

3. What is the author’s feeling about having ridden an e-bike for a year?

A．Tolerant.

B．Unexpected.

C．Conservative.

D．Compromising.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Changes Brought by an E-bike	B．My Green Life for the Last Year
C．The Replacement for Gas Vehicles	D．Comparation Between Cars and E-bikes