1 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。

World Wetlands Day, celebrating annually on 2 February, aims to increase aware and understanding of the importance of wetlands to humans and the globe. It also spreads information about what valuable wetlands are and encourages individuals and governments to take actions to prevent their loss. The day was first organized by a group of environmentalist who wanted to celebrate and protect wetlands.

Wetlands are ecosystems which water is the primary factor controlling the environment and the associated plant and animal life. Wetlands are disappearing at a rate three times fast than forests, making them the Earth’s most threatened ecosystems. Human activities, such as agriculture development, urbanization, pollution, overfishing and climate change, have contributed the loss of wetlands.

Actions needed to save the world’s wetlands from disappearing and restore those we have already lost. That’s because of wetlands provide critical habitats for a vast variety of wildlife, offering valuable opportunities for outdoor recreation, and play a crucial role in flood control.

2 . Willie Sutton, a once celebrated American criminal, was partly famous for saying he robbed banks because “that’s where the money is.” Actually, museums are where the money is. In a single gallery there can be paintings worth more, taken together, than a whole fleet of jets. And while banks can hide their money in basements, museums have to put their valuables in plain sight.

Nothing could be worse than the thought of a painting as important as The Scream, Edvard Munch’s impressive image of a man screaming against the backdrop of a blood-red sky, disappearing into a criminal underworld that doesn’t care much about careful treatment of art works. Art theft is a vast problem around the world. As many as 10,000 precious items of all kinds disappear each year. And for smaller museums in particular, it may not be a problem they can afford to solve. The money for insurance on very famous pictures would be budget destroyers even for the largest museums.

Although large museums have had their share of embarrassing robberies, the greatest problem is small institutions. Neither can afford heavy security. Large museums attach alarms to their most valuable paintings, but a modest alarm system can cost $500,000 or more. Some museums are looking into tracking equipment that would allow them to follow stolen items once they leave the museums. But conservators are concerned that if they have to insert something, it might damage the object. Meanwhile, smaller museums can barely afford enough guards, relying instead on elderly staff.

Thieves sometimes try using artworks as money for other underworld deals. The planners of the 2006 robbery of Russborough House near Dublin, who stole 18 paintings, tried in vain to trade them for Irish Republican Army members held in British prison. Others demand a ransom (赎金) from the museum that owns the pictures. Once thieves in Frankfurt, Germany, made off with two major works by J.M.W. Turner from the Tate Gallery in London. The paintings, worth more than $80 million, were recovered in 2012 after the Tate paid more than $5 million to people having “information” about the paintings. Though ransom is illegal in Britain, money for looking into a case is not, provided that police agree the source of the information is unconnected to the crime. All the same, where information money end s and ransom begins is often a gray area.

1. Why do smaller museums face a greater challenge in preventing art theft?

A．They lack experienced staff.

B．They cannot afford high-tech security systems.

C．They do not have valuable artworks.

D．They lack interest in art conservation.

2. What is the concern of conservators regarding the use of tracking equipment to prevent art theft?

A．It might damage the artwork.

B．It is too expensive for smaller museums.

C．It is difficult to insert into the paintings.

D．It is ineffective for valuable paintings.

3. From Paragraph 4, we can learn that ________.

A．the thieves demanded a ransom from the Tate Gallery

B．the Tate Gallery regained the lost paintings illegally

C．the money paid was considered an information fee, not a ransom

D．the police requested the Tate Gallery to pay the money

4. The purpose of this passage is ________.

A．to remind criminals to protect and preserve the painting

B．to give suggestions on how to avoid the crimes of art theft

C．to urge museums to set up more advanced security systems

D．to make people aware of art theft and the necessity of good security systems

3 . How I hoped there was somewhere to sit down! It was nearly half past eleven and I was w________ o________ (精疲力尽) and hot. （根据中英文提示填空）

4 . 词性转换
1. relate vt.联系；讲述→_________ n．关系，联系
2. science   n. 科学→_________n.   科学家
3. energy   n. 精力；活力→________adj. 积极主动的；精力旺盛的
4. influence   n. 影响 →________adj. 有影响的
5. private   adj. 个人的；私用的 →_________n. 隐私；秘密；私事
6. honest   adj. 诚实的 →_________n. 诚实;正直
7. popular adj. 受喜爱的；讨人喜欢的→________n.流行；普及
8. imagine   v. 想象 →_________n.想象
9. explain v. 解释，辩解→________n.解释，说明
10. afford v. 买得起，承受的住→________adj. 价格合理的；买得起的

5 . 词性转换
1. basic adj. 基本的 → _________ adv.基本地
2. curious adj.好奇的；求知欲强的→ ________ n.好奇心
3. responsible adj.负责的；有责任的→ _________ n.责任；义务
4. solve vt.解决→ _________ n.解决办法；答案
5. addict n.对……入迷的人；成瘾的人→ ______ adj.有瘾的；上瘾的
6. injure vt.使受伤；损害→ ________ n.伤害；损伤
7. strong adj.强壮的；坚强的→ ________ vt.加强；巩固
8. suffer vt.遭受蒙受(因疾病、痛苦等)受苦→ _________ n.折磨；苦难
9. survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→ ________ n.幸存；生还
10. describe   vt.描述；形容；描绘→ __________ n.描写(文字)；形容

6 . 阅读表达

Tears are good for your eyes. In fact, without them, your eyes wouldn’t even be able to move. Some people say tears help us in other ways, too. Maybe you know someone who likes to watch sad movies in order to “have a good cry”. It hasn’t been proven, but tears may be good not only for your eyes but also for your emotional health as well.

We generally only notice tears when we cry, but we have them in our eyes all the time. Tears affect how we see the world while at the same time protecting our eyes from it. Without this liquid covering them, our eyes would be at risk of infection. In addition, we need tears in order to see. The cornea (角膜) of the eye does not have a perfectly smooth surface. Tears fill in the holes in the cornea and make it smooth so that we can see clearly. Without tears, the world would look very strange to us.

There are three types of tears, and they are called basal, reflex, and emotional tears. These three types are different not only in purpose but also in composition.

Tom Lutz, the author of Crying: The Natural and Cultural History of Tears, writes, “Throughout history, and in every culture, ... everyone everywhere cries at some time.” Even men and women who say they never cry can usually remember crying as children. Most of us probably think it’s normal for men or women to cry at certain times, and at such times, we may even encourage them to cry. For example, it’s no surprise when someone cries during a sad movie, and we often expect people to cry when a family member dies. However, we don’t always take this view of tears. Sometimes adults who cry — or even children who do — lose the respect of others. For example, what would you think of an adult who cried over losing a card game? Most people are aware of the social rules about when, where, and why it’s OK to cry. These rules generally differ for children and adults, and often for men and women. They depend on things such as family, culture, and religion, and they change over time.

Some people think it’s not just OK to cry but actually healthy to let the tears flow. Doctors in Greece over 2,500 years ago thought that tears came from the brain and that everyone needed to let them out. Today, many people still believe in getting tears out. They say that through crying, we get rid of emotions we have stored up, which is good for our mental health. Some people report that they feel better after crying. This could be because of the chemicals in emotional tears. One chemical is a type of endorphin, a painkiller that the body naturally produces. Emotional tears increase the amount of endorphin that gets to the brain because tears flow from the eye into the nose and pass to the brain that way. This painkiller may make a person less aware of sad or angry feelings, and that could explain why someone feels better after “a good cry”.

1. When do we have tears in our eyes?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do tears help us see clearly?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. How many kinds of tears do we have?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Please list at least two things that are related to the social rules of crying.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
5. In which country did doctors over 2,500 years ago believe that tears came from the brain?
_________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . 汉译英
1. 取得成功；奏效；有回报；还清 ________
2. 对……做出贡献 ________
3. 健康状况良好   ________
4. 一方面……另一方面…… ________
5. 锻炼身体，做运动；计算出；制定出 ________
6. 是……的原因；解释；导致；占……(比例) ________
7. 张贴；建造；提供膳宿；举起 ________
8. 不遗余力地做某事 ________
9. 追溯到……；始于；起源于   ________
10. 被……录取；被……接收 ________

8 . 直到我参加了篮球比赛，我才意识到团队合作(teamwork)的重要性。(强调句型)(汉译英)

9 . 汉译英
1. 在……方面与……不同 ________
2. 对……有信心 ________
3. （身体或精神上）遭受……（痛苦）；患……病 ________
4. 对某人/某物有害 ________
5. 满足/符合/不辜负某人的期望 ________
6. （某人）做某事是方便的 ________
7. 对（做）某事上瘾 ________
8. 拥有……的机会；可以接近；进入 ________
9. 对……负责；是……的原因 ________
10. 向某人申请职位 ________

10 . 不规则动词
1. be- ________ -   ________
2. eat- ________ -   ________
3. begin- ________ -   ________
4. fly- ________ -   ________
5. bring- ________ -   ________
6. forget- ________ -   ________
7. deal- ________ -   ________
8. hit- ________ -   ________
9. drink- ________ -   ________
10. sing- ________ -   ________