1 . How to Get Teens to Establish Sleeping Habits

Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that interfere (干预) with your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these sleep tips.

1.    1     Pick a time for her to go to bed each night and a time for waking up that allows her to get enough sleep and get to class on time. If your teen goes to bed at 11 p.m. and gets up at 7:30 a.m., she’ll get eight and a half hours a night. If school starts earlier than that, she’ll have to go to bed earlier.

2. Keep electronic gadgets(设备) out of your teen’s bedroom. Have your teen leave her phone and other devices in the living room or kitchen when she goes to bed. If your teen brings her phone or tablet to bed with her, she might stay up late checking her social media pages or sending texts.     2    .

3. Set up a pre-bedtime schedule.     3     Encourage activities that will help her relax and get ready for sleeping, such as light reading, listening to quiet music or taking a bath.

    4     Sleeping into the afternoon or going to bed very late on Friday and Saturday can throw off a teen’s sleep schedule and make it difficult for her to fall asleep at the usual time on Sunday night.

4. Make your teenager’s room ideal for sleep by keeping it dark and cool.     5     If your teen’s room tends to be hot, put an air conditioner in the window or adjust the thermostat before she goes to bed. Bright light helps a teen wake up in the morning. Either head to her room to open the curtains or place a lamp by her bed so that she can turn it on after waking up.

2 . Surprising Ways to Beat Exam Stress

To get over exam stress, firstly you need to understand the reasons behind this anxiety. Then you can establish methods to reduce the pressure you feel. Researchers have uncovered some common solutions for this:

Take a quick walk.

    1     However, research has proven that exercising such as taking a walk a walk can boost your memory and brain power.

Plan your study routine.

    2     But what is shocking is the number of students who discount the benefits of creating a personal study plan. With some initial efforts, you can become more productive and motivated each day you approach your study by understanding your learning progress.

Try to get enough sleep.

The benefits of a proper night’s sleep can never be underestimated. Most importantly, sleep helps your brain to absorb new knowledge into your long-term memory.    3    

Let it all out.

Sometimes you just need to talk to someone, and other times you need to shout it from the rooftop or scream from the top of your lungs.    4     Speaking to a family member or friend can highlight the bigger picture for you and empower you to rise above the exam stress.

    5    

Meditation(沉思，冥想) is one of the most effective ways to take a break and see your stress from a different perspective. Practicing meditation is another way to stay focused while improving both mental and physical health to reduce pre-exam stress.

3 . Climate change(气候变化)influences people in many ways. Extreme weather and sea-level rise can destroy homes. People can suffer physical harm from the effects of rising greenhouse gases.     1    . And children and teens are especially at risk of suffering from such mental(精神上的)problems, according to a new I report.

“The brains of children and teens are still growing and developing,” says Lise Van Susteren. She is an expert on the mental-health effects of climate change. Those growing brains make young people especially easily influenced by climate change. For example, many kids worry that the influences of climate change are expected to only worsen.     2     Not every young person will have these feelings. But for many, the feelings can get in the way of their normal life.

Luckily, there are things the young can do to deal with bad feelings. For example, Van Susteren advises, “     3     These are people who can help you let these feelings out.”

Susie Burke is an expert providing mental health care in Melbourne, Australia.     4     Playing outside can help children keep calm. It can also improve someone’s ability to pay full attention to things.

    5     For example,14-year-old Milou Albrecht is an activist(积极分子). Since last year, she has been one of the members of Australia’s energy-saving programs. Milou says doing something to stop climate change helps her relax to some degree.

4 . A scientist is a person who explores and examines aspects of a certain field to better understand how they function. The process of exploration follows a strict set of rules known as the scientific method.     1    .

The primary duty of a scientist in any fields is to do research.     2    . A scientist who specializes in microbiology could study germs, while a scientist who studies the atmosphere could research the pattern of the wind.

Apart from devoting himself to the research, a scientist can also work for employers.     3    . Besides, universities and some governmental organizations also require scientists to teach and research. Some scientists are able to get research funds independently or participate in a funded scientific project and spend their time working toward a clear goal.

    4    . This usually means getting a PhD in the chosen field. In many cases, it also means finding work opportunities during school. They can provide the person with practical experience. Many scientists regularly publish their findings or notes of their work.

Some scientists, such as a doctor, might require official certificates (证书).     5     The requirements and duties of scientists are as broad and various as the area which they study.

5 . Volunteering offers great help to people in need, but the benefits (好处) can be even greater for you, the volunteer.

    1    . Being a volunteer helps you make new friends and improve your social skills. Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area. It develops your ties to the community, broadens your support network and offers you chances to know people with common interests and fun activities.

    2    , others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice and develop your social skills, since you are meeting regularly with a group of people with common interests.

Volunteering is good for your mind and body.     3    . Nothing reduces (减少) stress better than a meaningful connection to another person. Working with pets and other animals has also been shown to improve mood and reduce stress and anxiety. Studies have found that older volunteers are likely to walk more and find it easier to sleep regularly.     4    .

If you’re considering a new job, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field.     5     , volunteering gives you the opportunity to practice important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork communication, problem solving and organization. You might feel more comfortable stretching (伸展) your wings at work once you have improved these skills in a volunteer position first.

6 . How to build good relationships with people from other cultures? Actually, it is important to learn some skills to communicate with them. Armed with the knowledge of how to communicate effectively, you can make things easier.     1    

Learn about the culture beforehand.     2     So if you have time before going abroad or meeting with someone from another culture, try to take time to learn the basic. "do's and don'ts " of that culture. You can find information on this from the Internet sources such as those provided by the National Center for Cultural Competence.

Be respectful and tolerant.     3     Signs of these may appear when you communicate with people from other cultures. However, it is not the time to judge people based on these differences during basic communication. Instead, respect them for what they are, and tolerate them. You may even learn something new.

Speak clearly and slowly if necessary. But do not shout at others even if they don't understand you.     4     Instead, it can be seen as rude. Likewise, even if there are difficulties in communicating with people from other cultures, do not treat other people as though they were unintelligent.

    5     In some cultures, looking another person in the eye when you speak is seen as a sign of honesty and interest. However, in other cultures, it may be seen as disrespectful.