1 . There is some frost on the lawn. The temperature must __________ (drop) down under zero degree last night. （所给词的适当形式填空）

3 . Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Iceland shows off nature

Found just south of the Arctic Circle, it’s far from the northernmost country on Earth. But as a travel destinations, Iceland is on top of the world.

Known as‚ “the land of fire and ice”, the country has many natural wonders. As the Today website put it, “It is     1     nature choose Iceland to be its shop window to…remind humanity that nature is still the unstoppable force.”

As the world was reminded when the Eyjafjallajokull volcano erupted six years ago, Iceland is a country “still in the making, and few other places offer the same opportunities to see the earth     2     action, ” commented National Geographic magazine.

Ice is Iceland’s other big attraction-to be exact, the huge glaciers which travel toward the coast,     3     (make) strange pools of water. Even better are the northern lights, which are     4     (good) to see from October to March.

On Sept 28, the country’s capital Reykjavik decided to turn off all streetlights for an hour at night to give people a unique chance to enjoy the northern lights. Thanks to the glaciers and the dark sky, the   bright,   colourful     5     (dance)   lights   became   “a   heavenly   light   display”,   travel guidebook publisher Lonely Planet noted.

And     6     Iceland’s unique natural features are the biggest attractions for visitors, the country also offers inspiration. Iceland has     7     higher percentage of writers in its population than any other country in the world, the BBC reported. And it is not surprising     8     the country publishes more books per person than any other country in the world, reported the NPR radio station, Iceland     9     (be) the birthplace of important literary works and authors-from the Vikings’ Iceland sagas(传说) to author Halldór Laxness, winner of the 1955 Noble Prize in literature.

“The beast in Iceland, with its harsh(严酷的) nature and bitter, ever-changing weather. We cannot escape it,” Haraldur Jonsson, an Icelandic artists, told the Observer newspaper while describing     his     inspiration.     “So     we     find   ways to live with it. We     10     have a rich life to fill the empty spaces.”

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get    1    (wire) into our brains.

"Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway.

"We all as creatures are behaving that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to     2     is delayed," Volkow says.

How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemicalnamed dopamine. It causes the brain     3    (pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right hint from your environment.

People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus     4    (destroy) attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it     5     show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says， "It's fascinating."

A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance reduction for adopting better habits.

    6    well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps that may help fight your brain's hold     7     newly-established habits:

Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually,     8     (make) the striatum(终脑皮层)recognize the habit.Therefore, if you don’t keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.

Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit     9     your muscles protest.

Besides, try to reward yourself with     10     that you really desire. For instance, if you exercise all week or stick to your diet, you could try a fancy restaurant- safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity.

5 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Water Splashing Festival of the Dai ethnic minority (少数民族),     1     falls in April, is the most important festival for the Dai people in the Dehong area of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. It is the New Year for the Dai, a festival to send off the old and greet the new.

During the festival which lasts for three or four days, people     2    (dress) in their best clothes and take part in a     3    (various) of rich and colorful activities. Dragon boat racing, fireworks displays and other     4    (performance) such as peacock dance are held on the first day. And the most popular event is water-splashing on the second day. People splash water on each other,     5    (hope) to take away sickness and disasters. The wetter you get, the     6    (lucky) you will be. The last day is usually for the young people to play games as a way     7    (express) their love for each other.

The Water Splashing Festival     8    (vivid) exhibits the Dai’s respect     9     water and the culture of music and dance, food, and costumes. It is also a cultural bridge between Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share     10     same festival culture of water-splashing.

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many athletes have been told that smiling while     1    (sweat) will make our efforts feel easier. A marathon runner smiled widely through the final miles of his fastest-ever marathon; afterward, he said what he had hoped     2    (be) that the smiling would ease him to the finish line; But there has been little solid scientific evidence to support this idea. In recent years several past studies     3    (examine) whether deliberately smiling can make changes to how people feel psychologically during races,     4     few have looked at the physical effect     5     sports performance.

Researchers decided     6    (gather) a group of experienced recreational runners and have them alternatively smile broadly as they ran. Many of the runners found it difficult to smile throughout the whole session, though. Their smiles became     7    (increase) fixed and unnatural. Such false smiles make     8    (few) facial muscles (肌肉) start working than the sincere version and most likely result in less     9    (relax) and performance improvement. So the key to using a happy smile to make you     10     better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a race’s end, but in 30-second bursts, rather than constantly.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When scholars of international relations predict that the 21st century will be a “Chinese century”, they are full of reasons.     1     America remains the only superpower, China is responsible for an important share of global change. Since     2     start of the financial crisis in 2008, for example, China has accounted     3    45% of the gain in world GDP. In 1990 about 750 million Chinese people lived in extreme poverty; today fewer than 10 million do. Its GDP per person, in terms of purchasing-power,     4     (rise) ten times since 1990.

China’s amazing     5     (perform) has greatly affected the world’s economic output. The Economist has worked out a geographic center of the global economy by     6     (take) an average of each country’s latitude and longitude(经纬度),     7     (measure) by its GDP. At the height of America’s control, this point     8     (previous) sat in the north Atlantic. But China has pulled it so far east     9     the global center of economic gravity     10     (be) now in Siberia.