1 . 选用适当的单词或短语补全短文。

A. untouched	B. preparation	C. disproportionately	D. outlook	E. committed	F. shake
G. redirect	H. target	I. reduced	J. expose	K. typically

Over the past few weeks, many people around the world joined me in celebrating my career firsts — from winning my first Golden Globe to earning my first Oscar. While I am grateful for this unforgettable moment in my professional life, I want to     1    that global spotlight to an issue that is personal to me and that calls for the world’s attention.

My life changed eight years ago when one moment shook my     2    on the world.

It was April 25, 2015, and I was visiting local organizations. Suddenly, a deadly earthquake hit the country. I have never felt the type of fear and panic I felt that day, when the ground beneath shook so powerfully that I was not able to stand on my own feet.

I was fortunate to make through that day uninjured, but not     3    . As we made our way straight to the airport, I saw the ruins and destruction all around me. I couldn’t     4    the thought of how unfair it was that I have a home to go to, unlike the thousands of families whose entire lives were suddenly     5     to rubble (瓦砾).

Crises are not just moments of disaster: They     6     deep existing inequalities. Those living in poverty, especially women and girls, bear the brunt (首当其冲). In the immediately aftermath of a disaster, lack of sanitation (卫生系统), and health facilities     7     affects women. In my time as a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations Development Program, I have seen up close how women and girls are often the last to go back to school and to get basic services such as clean water and vaccines. They are also     8    the last to get jobs and loans.

To fully recover from a disaster and be prepared for the next one, the specific needs of women and girls must be factored into the humanitarian response.

This year we are halfway toward the 2030     9     to achieve what the United Nations calls Sustainable Development Goals, a blueprint for a shared global vision of a world without poverty and inequality. What I have learned through my work is that realizing these global goals will only be possible if we achieve true gender equality, everywhere, and in all aspects of life — especially in times of crises — and in     10    for next disaster.

2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A．efficiency             B．employ             C．effective             D．chemicals             E．accelerating F．existing             G．projected             H．trapped             I．power                    J．simultaneously K．artificially

This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heat waves smashed temperature records worldwide and even brought summer temperatures to Chile and Argentina during the Southern Hemisphere’s winter. It’s more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. In the U.S. alone, it kills more people each year than floods, tornadoes and hurricanes combined. As climate change worsens, access to     1     cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity.

Yet standard air-conditioning systems have     2     us in a vicious cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the AC—and the more energy is used as a result. Nicole Miranda, an engineer researching sustainable cooling at the University of Oxford says: “it’s not only a vicious cycle, but it’s a(n)     3     one.” According to 2018 data from the International Energy Agency (IEA), the worldwide annual energy demand from cooling is     4     to more than triple by 2050.

It’s becoming increasingly clear that humans cannot outrun climate change with the same air-conditioning technology we’ve been using. One well-known problem with current AC systems is their reliance on refrigerant     5    , many of which are potential greenhouse gases. About 80 percent of a standard AC unit’s climate-warming emissions currently come from the energy used to     6     it, says Nihar Shah, director of the Global Cooling Efficiency Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Standard air-conditioning systems     7     cool and dehumidify through a relatively inefficient mechanism: in order to condense water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool.

Even with some of the best technologies available, the gains in     8     alone might not be enough to offset the widely expected increase in air-conditioning use. It will not work to simply replace every     9     air conditioner with a better model and call it a day. Instead, a truly cooler future will have to     10     other strategies that rely on urban planning and building design to minimize the need for cooling in the first place.

4 . Directions: Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.Each word or phrase can only be used once.There is one extra that you do not need.

A. attach       B. provoke       C. renovate D. wander       E. switch       F. decline G. initiate       H. symbolize       I. capture

1. Indeed, crude oil   (原油) prices rose after Biden’s announcement, in anticipation that he may__________
the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to push oil prices as high as   $100   per barrel.
2. In all of 2020, global large-scale companies had the capacity to__________40 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2)—less than half the volume of carbon produced worldwide in a single week.
3. Along the way, passengers have the chance to__________through whitewashed   villages,   feel   the   sea   breeze in picturesque harbors, and explore ancient ruins.
4. The two things he is sure to__________most importance to are the freedom of the individual and the sovereignty (主权) of his country.
5. The survey predicted that the quality of the educational provision and standards pupils achieve might
__________significantly due to lack of funds.
6. The report proposed that the authority__________a new project to enable anyone to put forward any technologies for disease control.
7. The options, one to build an entirely new facility and a second to__________ the existing facility and add a
new part, both come with price tags of several hundred million dollars.
8. Temperatures will remain mild   until winds__________to the northwest after midnight.

5 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. suspects       B. maintains       C. angles       D. devotion       E. lend F. favor            G. determined       H. analytical       I. inventive       J. credit        K. stirring

The Alphabet Murders

Tony Randall stars as the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot in the director Frank Tashlin’s extravagant 1965 adaptation of Agatha Christie’s “The ABC Murders,” infusing the sleuth’s punctilious style with     1    nerdiness. When Poirot turns up in London to see his tailor, he learns that a circus clown named Albert Aachen has been killed, and he decides to solve the case. Then a bowling instructor named Betty Barnard is murdered, and Poirot     2     the killer of working his or her way through the alphabet. Tashlin transforms the mystery into a giddy parody of Alfred Hitchcock’s films: borrowing his highly inflected, riotously     3     visual styles, Tashlin creates a sort of live-action cartoon, with distorting     4    yielding disorienting juxtapositions, whether from the explosive results of a dish of kidneys flambé or during balletic capers at a bowling alley. In an intricate set piece, Tashlin transforms a casino’s glossy formalities into a theatre of horror, though his subject isn’t bloody murder but its irresistibly macabre, media-friendly allure—the power of such tales to liberate creative energy and     5    the oppressive dullness of daily life an invigorating jolt.—Richard Brody (Streaming on Amazon and playing Sept. 3 on TCM.)

Cinderella Man

Russell Crowe teams up with the director Ron Howard for the story of the boxer James J. Braddock, who fell from     6    during the Great Depression, only to claw his way back and snatch the world heavyweight title in 1935. Crowe lends the character a     7    dourness (冷酷), refusing to turn Braddock’s bewildering comeback into a victory parade—a good thing, too, for without that unsmiling restraint the whole saga might sound too good to be true.

Braddock is presented as a man without sin; his wife, Mae (Renée Zellweger),     8    a rosy-cheeked optimism even when food is scarce; and their children form a group portrait of well-scrubbed     9    . Anybody whose memory resounds to “Raging Bull,” with its bedevilled hero, will feel badly shortchanged by this picture, yet Howard is the right man for     10    simplicity, and his casting is on the money. Braddock’s opponents are gratifyingly bisonlike, and Paul Giamatti, looking natty in a gray plaid suit and tie, has a ball in the role of Joe Gould, the trainer who stood by his man. Released in 2005.—Anthony Lane (Reviewed in our issue of 6/6/05.) (Streaming on Amazon, HBO Max, and other services.)

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

One Medical

On Thursday, Amazon announced its first major acquisition (收购) under Mr. Jassy’s occupation as C.E.O., spending $3.9 billion for One Medical, a chain of primary care clinics around the country. The deal is a sign of Amazon’s health care ambitions. As the company has     1     from one business to another — including books, CDs, electronics, dog food and clothes — it has had to look in less obvious spots to find opportunities that can provide meaningful     2    .

Health care has been     3     to Amazon executives who believe it is an extremely large market, filled with inefficiencies and generally lacking the kind of     4     approach that Amazon tries to take with its businesses. “We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need     5    ,” Neil Lindsay, the senior vice president of Amazon Health Services, said in a statement announcing the deal. He also listed some of the     6     of modern health care: booking appointments, sitting in waiting rooms, even finding a parking spot.

Amazon wants to be the “front door” through which customers     7     health care. That One Medical sees about five times as many virtual visits as     8     appointments most likely made it attractive to Amazon. The company also has something Amazon values     9    : data. One Medical built its own electronic medical records system, and it has 15 years’ worth of medical and health-system data. While individual patient records are generally protected under federal health privacy laws, the big data skill that has     10     Amazon’s success can be powerful in health care — for predicting costs, targeting interventions and developing products and treatments.

7 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. cultivate       B. reassuring       C. opposing       D. objective       E. confidence F. evidence       G. perceived       H. functioning       I. estimate       J. existing K. scientism

Why Doubt Is Essential To Science

The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is a(n)     1     way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties. For example, a majority of Americans trust science as long as it does not challenge their     2     beliefs. To the question “When science disagrees with the teachings of your religion, which one do you believe?” 58 percent of North Americans favor religion; 33 percent science; and 6 percent say “it depends.”

But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, science, when properly     3     , questions accepted facts and leads to both new knowledge and new questions — not certainty. Doubt does not     4     trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions?

As a historian of science, I would argue that it's the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often     5     as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a possible explanation. Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new     6     emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that contain the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it stimulates us towards a better understanding; certainties, as     7     as they may seem, in fact block the scientific process.

Scientists understand this, but in the     8     force between the public and science, there are two significant traps. One is a form of blind     9     — that is, a belief in the capacity of science to solve all problems. And the other is a form of relativism borne out of a lack of     10     in the very existence of truth.

10 . 选词填空

A. benefit B. closely C. containing D. deprived E. feasted F. fundamental G. introduction H. original I. purchasing J. supply K. typically

The Pleasures of the Table

APRIL 9, 2020 was the darkest day in the recent recorded history of the restaurant industry. The     1     of lockdowns, combined with people voluntarily avoiding others, meant that on that Thursday bookings in America, Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Ireland and Mexico made via OpenTable, a restaurant-reservation website, whose reservations     2     numbered in the millions plunged to zero.

Being     3     of the dining experience has made people realize how much they value it. Eating out fulfils needs which seem     4     to human nature. People need to go on dates, to seal deals, and to simply have the ability to peer at their fellow humans. At a good restaurant, you can travel without the need to be actually travelling or simply feel rich for a night.

Yet restaurants in their current form are a few hundred years old at most. They do not satisfy some primeval (原始的) urge, but rather those of particular sorts of societies. Economic and social forces have created both the     5     of and demand for restaurants.

People have long     6     outside the home. Archaeologists have counted 158 snack bars in Pompeii, the ancient Roman city destroyed by a volcano in 79 AD—one for every 60 to 100 people, a higher rate than that found in many global cities today. Ready-cooked meals     7     meat and fish were available for Londoners to purchase from at least the 1170s. Samuel Cole, an early settler, opened what is considered to be the first American tavern (酒馆) in1634, in Boston.

These were more like takeaways, though, or stands where food might be thrown in with a drink, than eat-in restaurants. The table d’hôte, which appeared in France around Cole’s time, most     8     resembled the modern restaurant we know and love today. Diners sat at a single table and ate what they were given. Many ofthese early restaurants existed only for the     9     of locals. Strangers were not always welcome.

What does the history of the restaurant say about its future? In recent weeks, global restaurant reservations have risen back up close to their pre-pandemic levels. The long-term future of the restaurant is less clear. The pandemic has led to many people     10     much more takeout food than before, while others rejoice in their newfound love of cooking. Restaurants have little choice but to continue to adapt.