1 . 药片可能会被孩子们误认为是糖，所以应该放在孩子们拿不到的地方。(inaccessible) (汉译英)

2 . 阅读原版小说时，没有必要在词典里查每一个生词。(look) (汉译英)

3 . 据报道，昨天发生的事故夺走了 100条生命。(claim) (汉译英)

4 . 这本书旨在分析贫穷的原因。(mean)(汉译英)

5 . Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness, but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you could bottle this leadership X-factor—charisma—the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?

As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”

“They connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others’ feelings and concerns.”

“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills that allow them to walk the talk” Professor Riggio says.

“One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us. We think someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says. In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.

Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.

“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are open to out-of-the-box thinking, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence,” he says.

“A lot of charismatic leadership, and leadership in general, is very contextual. It’s really good in entrepreneurial firms. It’s also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because it inspires”, says Kai Peters, the chief executive of Ashridge Business School.

But not every organization needs a charismatic leader. Leaders loaded with the X-factor can be narcissistic (自恋的), self-glorifying, exploitative and authoritarian. As Peters says: “Where it is a problem is where you have ‘look at me, I’m a star.’’’

1. Which word is closest in meaning to “charisma” in the first paragraph?

A．Charm.

B．Character.

C．Gratitude.

D．Optimism.

2. The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their ______.

A．proper role-playing skills	B．subtle emotional expressiveness
C．marvellous problem-solving ability	D．unconventionality in the crowds

3. According to Professor Knippenberg, what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us?

A．The one who has a heroical image.

B．The one who can speak for us.

C．The one who is a collective version of us.

D．The one who resembles us in characteristic.

4. What is Peters’ attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership?

A．Critical.

B．Approved.

C．Neutral.

D．Suspicious.

6 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

You know that the business of business is making money. What you may not realize is     1    simple that business is. You need two fundamental ingredients — a good product that customers want to own, and bright, charismatic people who will     2    sell it and, if necessary, defend it. And of the two —    3    (desire) product and competent people — good people are, in the long run, more important than good products.

You can’t expect to produce one popular product after another. You can, however, cover your bets by staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the company’s strengths     4    the products are weak. It is your responsibility to keep those employees     5    (perform) as well as they can. They won’t remain superb     6    reliable leadership and, infact, there is a perfect time to address this issue. Most successful companies have a defining moment     7    profits are skyrocketing, and business     8    not be better. That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service. That you are earning more money than ever before     9    (indicate) your product is terrific, but it doesn’t necessarily mean the same about your customer service. It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you are earning from your product to include customer service.

Every business wants to be known for its customer service. Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product, it is its customer service     10    keeps it in business year after year.

7 . Criticism is judgment. A critic is a judge. A judge must study and think about the material presented to him, accept it, correct it or reject it after thinking over what he has read, watched or heard.

Another word for criticism is appreciation. When I criticize or appreciate some object or another, I look for its good points and bad points. In reading any printed or written matter, I always have a pencil in hand and put any comments in the book or on a separate paper. In other words, I always talk back to the writer.

That sort of critical reading might well be called creative reading because I am thinking along with the author, asking him questions, seeing whether he answers the questions and how well he answers them. I mark the good passages to store them in my memory and ask myself about every other part and about the complete piece of writing; where, how and why could or should I improve upon it?

You might think that doing what I suggested is work. Yes, it is, but the work is a pleasure because I can feel my brain expanding, my emotion reacting and my way of living change.

Reading exercises is a great influence on a person. If pictures, still or moving, accompany the reading, the memory will retain the material for a long time.

Just as evil books can corrupt, so also can good books gradually work a change on a corrupt person.

Let's get back to the beneficial effects of thinking while reading. It helps us to enlarge our minds. We understand more about the universe, its people and many of its wonders. We learn to think and observe in new ways. We certainly do get a feeling for the language we are reading. All good writers in any language have been readers who read critically and continuously.

1. According to the writer, creative reading is ________.

A．raising questions and answering them for the author

B．reading and giving comments on the materials one has read

C．thinking in the same line with the author

D．storing up facts in one's memory

2. The writer says a critic ________.

A．asks what he does not understand

B．talks back to the author

C．understand the background on which the works are based

D．looks for the good and bad points of the material he has read

3. By the phrase “thinking along with” in the third paragraph, the writer means________.

A．following one's thought closely	B．accepting
C．considering	D．agreeing

4. We can learn from the passage that all good readers ________.

A．understand more about their surrounding than others.

B．have a thorough insight to the problem in life.

C．have the feeling of the language they read.

D．have read extensively(广泛地) and critically

8 . As a group of young African immigrants struggle to adapt to life in the United States, an after-school drama program at White Oak Middle school aims to make their lives easier by first making them a little harder.

Project X is a program that uses drama, dance, poetry and other creative outlets to help students discuss the tough and sometimes painful problems they face as preteen immigrants with significant language barriers. A final unveiling of their creation will be performed for friends and family at the end of the year at Imagination Stage.

Wanjiru, Kamau, coordinator of White Oak’s African Club said it’s important to give troubles to group members to help them find their place at the school. “It comforts those who are uncomfortable, and it discomforts those who are comfortable,” Kamau said of Project X.

Kamau teamed up with Imagination Stage after she noticed that many African students seemed uncomfortable talking problems, such as being laughed at by their fellow students about how they look and talk. When most of the kids join the club, they speak little no English, Kamau said. Each week, the club typically draws five to ten students who are originally from Africa for discussion sessions and the Project X program.

“We are going to express ourselves through our words and our actions, and that’s powerful,” said teaching artist Meg Green as she introduced fill-in-the-blank poems the students wrote about their identities.

One students, Frank Ketchouang, 13, wrote, “I am from the world; I am love,” which drew oohs and aahs from the group. Ketchouang has been in the United States for less than a year, said Program Coordinator Chad Dike. When Ketchou and started attending Project X, he had been in the United States for two months and spoke no English. Now he’s one of the group’s most outgoing members and helps translate instructions from English to Creole for the group’s newest member, who is from Haiti.

Many people will give up when there’s a language barrier, “but these students prove them wrong.” Kamau said. “You do have something to give. You are important. When TV, media, ete. are bringing them down, this program is bringing them up.”

1. Project X is intended for helping the young African immigrants to ________.

A．get over language barriers	B．overcome tough problems
C．enrich after-school life	D．become more creative

2. How well the members learn in the Project X program is shown by ________.

A．their annual creative performances	B．their annual scores gained at school
C．the comments of friends and family members	D．the comments of program teachers

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Project X was designed by some African immigrants.

B．At first, the School had a disagreement with the Club.

C．African Children need an outlet for expression of their hatred and misery.

D．TV and media may have a harmful influence upon children.

4. The passage is written mainly to ________.

A．call for more attention to immigrants	B．inspire immigrants never to give up
C．advertise for White Oak’s African Club	D．introduce the Project X program

9 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. double          B. intense          C. pressures       D. stock          E. agriculture       F. trapped G. withdrawal     H. availability   I. drive             J. expanding     K. rising

Throughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more     1     will these conflicts be when people fight over the Earth’s most indispensable resource water? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the     2     of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct.

Less than three percent of the planet’s     3     is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is     4     in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquifers too deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that     5     tension and conflict over freshwater. Using up the water “resource pie”. In India, the world’s second-most populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater     6     is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher than in any other country. Although water is a renewable resource, it is not a(n)     7     one. The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287 million.)

Global     8     accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the world’s most water-stressed, controversial areas the Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nileland and Tigris-Euphrates population increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than     9     over the next generation. Most experts agree that, because of geography, population     10     and politics, water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.

10 . 家长们往往过分重视孩子们的学业成绩，却忽视了正是均衡的饮食和良好的心态才能让孩子们健康成长。(it 强调句，contribute) (汉译英)