1. 自我介绍
2. 竞选理由。
注意： 词数应为80左右；
Good morning, dear judge. I’m Candidate No.1
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2 . In a story from Aesop’s Fables (伊索寓言), a thirsty crow (乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow bottle to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.
Now scientists have experiments to back up that story. The experiments show that crows actually do understand how to make water displacement (排水量) work to their advantage. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some cases, as smart as first-graders.
Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, presented six crows with bottles, containing water. Inside the bottles, a piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating (漂浮), just out of reach of the crows. In front of the bottles, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the bottles in order to raise the water level and get their meat.
However, the birds were awkward in experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide bottle or a narrow one to get the meat, the researchers said. Dropping objects into a narrow bottle would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the meat to the same level in the wide bottle. The crows obviously didn’t realize this, and most of them went for the wide bottle first.
Previous studies showed that chimps (大猩猩) and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a bottle to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.
1. What does the text focus on?| A．The truth of Aesop’s fables. | B．Crows’ intelligence. |
| C．The development of crows. | D．Human-animal communication. |
| A．By breaking the bottle. | B．By dropping erasers. |
| C．By standing on the wood. | D．By removing the wood. |
| A．The bottle. | B．The objects. | C．The meat. | D．The water. |
| A．Crows are unable to tell different shapes. |
| B．Crows prefer narrow bottles. |
| C．Crows are good at counting numbers. |
| D．Crows are not clever all the time. |
| A．crows are as smart as them. |
| B．crows are smarter than them. |
| C．crows are less smart than them. |
| D．crows can not be compared with them. |
1. 比赛具体时间、地点；
2. 比赛目的；
3. 比赛过程；
4. 赛后感受。
注意：
1. 开头已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 词数100左右。
Dear Chris，
How are you doing?
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I never thought I was very talented at anything to do with music, but my parents wanted me to learn to play the piano at the age of six. To be a good daughter, l agreed
5 . It was the day of the school swimming competition and I was very scared, I did not want to swim, I could swim, but not very well and I didn’t want people to see me splashing (使水飞溅) about and looking
There were two teams in our school, Green and Red. I was in the Red Team and I didn’t want us to
It was two minutes before the
I heard them
Then the cheering started. Thank goodness that the race was away and I was
When it was over, I went back to the
From that day on, I decided I would always give something a
| A．lonely | B．lively | C．lovely | D．silly |
| A．possibility | B．hope | C．problem | D．car |
| A．create | B．make | C．set | D．build |
| A．lose | B．miss | C．beat | D．win |
| A．students | B．teachers | C．runners | D．swimmers |
| A．supports | B．credits | C．points | D．goals |
| A．performed | B．practised | C．prepared | D．trained |
| A．operation | B．start | C．postpone | D．end |
| A．rushing | B．playing | C．jumping | D．walking |
| A．roll | B．give | C．slide | D．put |
| A．hide | B．live | C．escape | D．cover |
| A．Bravely | B．Quietly | C．Suddenly | D．Skillfully |
| A．direction | B．passage | C．trip | D．way |
| A．speaking | B．calling | C．stating | D．declaring |
| A．pleased | B．satisfied | C．scared | D．tired |
| A．eagerly | B．nervously | C．calmly | D．cheerfully |
| A．safe | B．hopeless | C．crazy | D．patient |
| A．seating | B．awarding | C．dressing | D．changing |
| A．kept | B．spent | C．cost | D．got |
| A．choice | B．promise | C．push | D．try |
6 . Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently, some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false.
Eating local food is good for the environment.
It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport.
It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, you'll use as much water as in a bath—about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.
Paper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.
Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals.
However, making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water. The process also produces more greenhouse gases.
Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But it’s worth checking common ideas and opinions to see what's really green.
| A．They mistake them for food. |
| B．Here are some common ones. |
| C．Unfortunately, it is not that simple. |
| D．It’s better to take a shower than a bath. |
| E．A paper bag is more environmentally friendly. |
| F．In fact, both kinds of bags are bad for the environment. |
| G．When we turn off a machine, it goes into a stand-by state. |
7 . City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forests, a new study finds.
Studies had shown forests take in greenhouse gas. But there hadn’t been much data on whether city trees grow, die and take in CO2 at the same rate as forest trees do. So Lucy Hytyra and her workmates at Boston University in Massachusetts decided to find out.
To figure out how quickly trees were growing, the researchers tracked their diameters (直径) between 2005 and 2014. The team focused on red oaks and red maples growing on Boston streets. These trees grew four times faster than the same species did in a nearby forests. Faster-growing trees take in more CO2. Over the nine years, the researchers tracked these trees, and they found city ones took in four times as much CO2 from the air as the forest trees did. The city trees also, however, were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually take in more CO2.
“City trees grow faster mainly because they have less competition for light from their neighbors,” Hutyra says. In a forests, trees tend to grow close together, shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮) in rainwater. Nitrogen is an element that helps plants grow. Still, she says that her team’s findings may not apply to arid cities. “In locations short of water like Phoenix or Los Angeles, city trees might respond differently because it’s very hot in the city and they have so little water.” At such sites, she says, “Trees might grow slower.”
So why were Boston’s streets trees twice as likely as their country cousins to die young? City roads can leave big-tree roots less room to grow. Plus, people often decide to cut down trees that are sick, or in the way of some desired building or view.
1. What can we learn from the research by Lucy’s team?| A．City trees live twice longer than forest trees. |
| B．Over their lifetime, forest trees actually take in more CO2. |
| C．Over the nine years, faster-growing trees breathe in less CO2. |
| D．On Boston streets red oaks grow much faster and taller than red maples. |
| A．they live in hot weather | B．they take in more water |
| C．they tend to grow close together | D．they benefit from more light and nitrogen |
| A．Dry. | B．Busy. | C．Crowded. | D．Large. |
| A．The result of people’s behavior. |
| B．The relationship between people and trees. |
| C．The fact that the roots of city trees have more room. |
| D．The reasons why the street trees in Boston died young. |
| A．A travel journal. | B．A story book. | C．A science magazine. | D．A medical report |
8 . At just 11 years old, Vince Weishaus runs his own hair salon (发廊) in his parents’ basement in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, doing different hairstyles for free.
For Vince, his love of hair started at a very young age. “He has an older sister who had dolls and he would just, at 2 or 3, be playing with the dolls' hair,” recalled Emily Weishaus, Vince’s mother.
Not long afterward, he also fell in love with braiding (编辫子). “He watched me do a braid, and then he undid the braid and redid it without me ever showing him how to do it,” his mother said. He found his true love as a hairstylist (发型师) when he started cutting his grandmother's hair before he was 5. “I feel that’s what gave him the confidence to be who he is,” she added.
Vince’s hairstyling dream became a reality when his parents presented him with a special surprise on his ninth birthday: his very own salon in their basement. His neighbor had a salon in her home, but she decided to pass on her supplies to Vince when she moved.
Family members and friends have stopped by for appointments—all free of charge—at Vincent Charles Salon. The kid's services range from coloring, to braiding the for school dances, family parties, talent shows and more.
He has colored his own hair different colors, from rose gold to purple. He even colors his friends' hair tips before they head off to camp.
Vince loves learning different practices and skills of the trade from other hair mentors, who teaches him many styling skills.
The sky is the limit for Vince—his eventual goal is to become a world-famous hair colorist one day. His advice to anyone who wants to realize their own dreams: “Do what they love and be themselves.”
1. Vince realized his true love for hairstyling when ________| A．he was playing with his sister | B．he watched his mother do a braid |
| C．he was playing with the dolls | D．he began to cut his grandmother’ hair |
| A．A small family party for him. | B．His own salon in the basement. |
| C．The supplies from his neighbor. | D．The permission from his parents to camp. |
| A．Family members. | B．Friends | C．Teachers. | D．Customers |
| A．Cold | B．Curious | C．Supportive. | D．Doubtful |
| A．A Boy Hairstylist. | B．A Piece of Advice. |
| C．A New Styling Skill. | D．A Street Hair Salon. |
9 . Want to help us serve more of our elderly neighbors? Want to deliver meals and a smile?
Meals on Wheels provides meals for the elderly and the disabled adults in Richland County, South Carolina. Meals are delivered at lunch time five days a week by volunteers.
But Meals on Wheels delivers more than just a meal. The daily visit from a volunteer also provides a warm smile and a safety check that helps keep seniors healthy, safe and living independently in their own homes.
Who receives Meals on Wheels?
Meals on Wheels recipients (接受者) are the elderly and disabled adults in our community who cannot maintain an enough, healthy diet, either because of transport or money difficulties. Nearly three-fourths of them are at or below the national poverty level (贫困线).
What is the cost of Meals on Wheels?
No one is refused a meal based on income. Some individuals may receive meals at no cost, while others are asked to pay according to their incomes.
What’s on the menu?
Our menus are carefully planned to meet one-third of the daily nutritional (营养) needs of senior people. All meals are served with fat-free milk and whole grain bread.
How can I help?
Through the support of our funding partners, staff and volunteers, we were able to serve 169,381 hot and frozen meals to 1,015 recipients in 2018. The meals were delivered by volunteers driving nearly 55,000 miles. Although we have made great efforts, we still have a waiting list of people we can't serve because we don’t have enough workers. So please join us!
Contact us
For more information, please contact Anne Shissias, Director of In-Home & Community Based Services, at 803-252-7734 x234 or ashissias@seniorresourcesine.org.
1. Who can receive the service of Meals on Wheels in Richland County?| A．Jobless people. | B．Sick people in local hospitals. |
| C．Homeless people. | D．The elderly and disabled adults. |
| A．It offers meals to healthy adults. | B．It serves meals seven days a week. |
| C．It delivers meals and provides care. | D．It helps seniors cook meals in their homes. |
| A．By vehicle. | B．By bike. |
| C．By bus. | D．On foot. |
| A．The recipients can get what they want. | B．The organization has made great efforts. |
| C．The funding partners need more money. | D．The volunteers are people who like driving. |
| A．To raise more money. | B．To attract more customer. |
| C．To call in volunteers. | D．To deliver more frozen meals. |
10 . As you're busy with your studies, the weeks during the Spring Festival can be a time when training and healthy eating plans go out of the window. But you can continue running and avoid weight gain during the holiday season.
Pick a race
Having a race on your calendar (日历) is a motivation（动机） to keep running during the holiday.
Don't skip breakfast
If you're going to a holiday party in the evening, don't make the mistake of skipping breakfast.You may think you're saving calories for later.
Bring your own healthy dishes
Chances are that most of the dishes at holiday gatherings are going to be high in taste and calories. Bring your own healthy appetizers(开胃菜) to the party. The host will appreciate it, and you know there will be at least one wise choice on the buffet table.
If you're heading to an evening event, eat regular(规律的) meals and snacks every few hours up until party time. You won't arrive at the party ready to attack appetizers. Make sure you include fiber at each meal because it keeps you full longer.
Plan your runs
It's easy to say that you'll keep running regularly during the holiday season, but sticking to it requires a strategy. Schedule your runs like appointments, so you make them the first thing during a busy week.
| A．Treat yourself |
| B．Eat small meals |
| C．Try some or all of these strategies (策略) |
| D．In fact, it may lead to overeating later in the day |
| E．Buy yourself a gift of some new running shoes and clothes |
| F．Once you choose one that is in a few weeks, set a plan and stick to(坚持) it |
| G．If you have runs scheduled, you are more likely to get them done |
