1 . There is growing evidence to show that our past knowledge about Mars was not always the case. Now European researchers say they have discovered the first evidence of a huge groundwater system that once existed below the planet’s surface.

A new study was carried out by Francesco Salese and his team, who studied images of 24 deep craters (n.弹坑) in the northern half of the Red Planet. These pictures were captured by ESA’s Mars Express orbiter (n.宇宙飞船), which was launched in 2003. The study provides the first geological proof that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system.”

According to Salese, scientific evidence already suggests Mars was once a watery world. His team says the images showed that large amounts of successive groundwater activity connected the areas they studied. Evidence of basins and coastlines was also found on the surface of Mars, supporting the idea that water was once present. He added that all the basins seemed to reach about the same height.

Scientists have yet to find out what happened to all that water. And the complex history of water on Mars has linked to whether or not life ever existed on it. During the latest study, researchers also discovered evidence of minerals within some of the identified (adj.被识别的) bodies of water.

The researchers say the findings adds weight to the idea that the water basins on Mars may have once held the materials required to support life. Some of this material could still be buried on Mars, providing possible evidence of life during future exploration. Francesco Salese believes the latest findings could also help us learn new things about our own planet.

1. What can we infer about our past knowledge of Mars?

A．It had no water.

B．It had no groundwater.

C．It had a great groundwater system.

D．It had water on the surface of the planet.

2. Where can you find the evidence that Mars once had a “planet-wide groundwater system”?

A．In paragraph 3.	B．In paragraph 2.
C．In paragraph 1.	D．In paragraph 4.

3. Which of the following best explains “successive” underlined in paragraph 3?

A．complicated

B．brilliant

C．continuous

D．incredible

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Evidence of water on Mars enables us learn new things about the earth

B．Our past knowledge about Mars was incorrect.

C．Evidence of life could be revealed by the discovery of water on Mars.

D．The ever existence of groundwater system on Mars was discovered.

2 . 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

It was two days before Christmas and young Maggie was told again that Paxton would not be returning.

Maggie’s father had found the weak deer a year ago and they had taken care of him. Maggie’s father, a vet, tended to the deer’s injuries and bandaged his foot. Maggie noticed that he had markings above his eyes that resembled the sun with rays of light. She named him Paxton and promised to take care of him.

Maggie couldn’t sleep that night and kept checking on Paxton from her window. The next morning, she rushed to the house to see Paxton. Paxton was still timid around her, but with time, he started eating carrots from her hand. Every morning before school, Maggie would feed Paxton.

Maggie wanted to keep Paxton, but her father explained that he was a wild animal and needed to be released after his foot was healed. Mr. Dotson could see his daughter’s affection for the little deer. That scared him, because he knew Maggie would never be able to say goodbye. So when Paxton’s foot had been healed, Mr. Dotson came home early one afternoon to set Paxton free. Maggie was overcome with sadness and called out to Paxton every day, hoping he would hear her.

In time, though, Maggie did come to understand that wild animals, even little deer, need to be in their natural habitat. But that didn’t change how much Maggie cared for and missed Paxton.

One day, as it started snowing, Maggie stood by a pond behind their house, feeling upset. The pond hadn’t frozen that winter, as the weather was warmer than usual. Mr. Dotson felt guilty about having not been more supportive of his daughter’s belief that she would see Paxton again. Although he didn’t want to give her false hope, he realized that no longer mattered, since Maggie was hurting and he wanted to help.

As Mr. Dotson walked outside to greet his daughter, he carried a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜) with him. He and Maggie would spend the next couple of hours in the woods, where they searched for deer tracks in the newly fallen snow. As Mr. Dotson had expected, their search came up empty.

“I’m sorry we didn’t have better luck, Maggie.”

注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Para1.

As they hiked through the snow towards home, Maggie’s heart felt heavy.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para2.

“Daddy, look! It’s Paxton!” Maggie shouted, her voice filled with excitement.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3 . 互联网已经成为高中生学习和生活的重要部分，但在利用网络时，难免有一些不愉快经历。你是学生会主席李华，为营造健康文明的网络环境，请以学生会的名义，向全校同学写一封倡议书。
内容包括：
1. 倡议的原因；
2. 具体的提议；
3. 发起呼吁。
注意：1. 字数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Extreme land use combined with warming temperatures is pushing insect ecosystems toward collapse in some parts of the world, scientists reported Wednesday.

The study, published in the journal Nature, identified for the first time a clear and alarming link between the climate crisis and high-intensity agriculture and showed that, in places where those impacts are particularly high, insect abundance has already dropped by nearly 50%, while the number of species has been reduced by 27%.

These findings cause huge concerns, according to Charlotte Outhwaite, the lead author on the study and researcher at the University College London, given the important role of insects in local ecosystems, pollination (授粉) and food production, and note that losing insects could threaten human health and food security.

“Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators,” Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex in the UK, previously told CNN. “Without insects, crops will begin to fail. We won’t have things like strawberries. We can’t feed 8 billion people.”

Scientists say, extreme land use has a link with the climate crisis. Clearing natural habitats for agriculture can dramatically change the area’s local climate and cause temperature extremes. Researchers found evident declines in insect populations in warmer areas, particularly in the tropics. They concluded that in areas with less agriculture, less climate warming, and a nearby natural habitat, insects only declined by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with less natural habitat cover.

Outhwaite told CNN there are things we can do to help prevent this crisis, like planting more native species and wildflowers, and reducing chemicals used in gardens. “It’s also probably a good idea to think about where the foods that we are buying are being sourced from,” Outwaite said. “So if they’re being sourced from tropical countries, there’s probably going to be a high impact on biodiversity there.”

1. Why does the author quote Dave Goulson’s words in the paragraph 4?

A．To emphasize the importance of insects to human life.

B．To provide evidence for the decline in insect populations.

C．To suggest potential solutions to prevent the decline of insects.

D．To show the importance of preserving natural habitats for insects.

2. Which of the following may contribute to the largest decline in insect population?

A．Making full use of land in colder areas.	B．Preserving habitats cover in colder areas.
C．Planting more native species in warmer areas.	D．Expanding agriculture production in tropics.

3. What does Outhwaite’s words mainly focus on in the last paragraph?

A．The efforts that have been made to protect insects.

B．The suggestions on how to protect the diversity of insects.

C．The reasons why we should preserve the diversity of insects.

D．The advice on what kind of products to buy to avoid insect crisis.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Agriculture Harms Ecosystems	B．Reasons for Endangered Insect Ecosystems
C．Insect Ecosystems Need Help	D．Efforts Made to Save Insect Ecosystems

5 . Fascinating Facts about London’s Parks

Did you know that 47 percent of London consists of green space? Takeaway the private gardens and that leaves 37% of the capital’s green land given over to Royal Parks, gardens, and public green spaces. It’s the third greenest capital city in the world. Now let’s take a look at the most fascinating facts about London’s parks.

Handing out flowers in Green Park

Nobody is totally sure how Green Park got its name. There are a few different theories. One tale says that the name originates from the time of Charles Ⅱ. The King was walking through the park with his wife and courtiers when he picked a flower. Instead of handing it to Queen Catherine, he handed it to another woman that was said to be his mistress. Extremely angry, the Queen ordered that all the flowers in the park be dug out, leaving only grass.

Counting trees in the Royal Parks

When counted together, the Royal Parks contain over 170,000 trees, with the oldest being the 400-year-old chestnut trees in Greenwich Park. These are young trees, though, compared to London’s oldest tree—a great elm in High Barnet that is said to be over 2000 years old. London has more than 8 million trees: nearly as many as people there.

Underground secrets in Greenwich

Greenwich Park shows more fascinating features. Deep under the surface are buried a series of secret tunnels that are tall enough for a person to walk. It’s been claimed that the tunnels were built as secret escape routes for King Henry Ⅷ. Their real purpose is a little less exciting, and the tunnels were actually built as waterways to allow groundwater from the hillsides to escape.

Walking is the best way to explore London’s beautiful green spaces. We hope you enjoyed these fun facts.

1. How much do private gardens cover in London green space?

A．47 percent.

B．33 percent.

C．37 percent.

D．10 percent.

2. How did Green Park get its name according to the text?

A．The King Charles Ⅱ gave the park its name.

B．There were so many green trees in it.

C．Its flowers were removed and only grass was left.

D．The grass in the park was well protected by the Queen.

3. What will you see if you go to Greenwich Park?

A．The hillsides with waterways.	B．Tunnels under its surface.
C．The statue of King Henry Ⅷ.	D．The oldest tree of London.

6 . Nick was troubled and aimless. Then one night, everything changed.

At first, it was just faint light as Nick drove past a two-story house. Then he realized the house was on fire. He immediately pulled up to investigate. _________ was climbing up the front porch. Hurrying out of the _________, he yelled, “Help, fire!” A car drove past and Nick tried to _________ it to stop, but in vain.

He ran to the back door, sure it would be _________. To his amazement, it swung open. Without _________, Nick ran inside, peering into rooms to see if anyone was home. He had just started climbing when he _________ and saw four faces emerge at the top of the stairs. After Nick’s warning, they came pouring down and rushed out.

“Anybody else in there?” Nick asked. When told a 6-year-old was still in, he ran back. By now, thewhole house was in flames. The smell was _________. The smoke was thick. He lifted his T-shirt to cover his mouth and nose. As he hesitated, he heard the kid crying _________. Nick stumbled into the blackness, _________ on smoke. His __________ stayed alert as he moved toward the sound. Then suddenly the kid was in front of him and Nick quickly grabbed her into his arms. The flames were __________ even closer. Nick took a few steps __________ and threw himself out of the window. Outside, the firefighters had arrived. He handed over the girl — crying, but miraculously uninjured __________ a cut on her arm — before collapsing on the sidewalk.

Nick’s burns have mostly healed, but other changes have been far greater. As news about his __________ spread, a GoFundMe account for his hospital bills exploded, reaching $600, 000. “It somehow feels like both a near-death experience and a __________.” Nick said.

1.

A．Air

B．Water

C．Mist

D．Smoke

2.

A．vehicle

B．house

C．bay

D．fire

3.

A．signal

B．put

C．break

D．take

4.

A．frozen

B．locked

C．wrapped

D．melted

5.

A．delay

B．interruption

C．motion

D．sympathy

6.

A．looked up

B．got up

C．looked down

D．got down

7.

A．dizzy

B．pleasant

C．intense

D．bitter

8.

A．desperately

B．patiently

C．tightly

D．precisely

9.

A．hesitating

B．spraining

C．collapsing

D．choking

10.

A．ankles

B．throats

C．ears

D．fists

11.

A．inching

B．skipping

C．sinking

D．fading

12.

A．forward

B．downward

C．upward

D．backward

13.

A．due to

B．instead of

C．as for

D．apart from

14.

A．realism

B．heroism

C．criticism

D．pessimism

15.

A．recovery

B．reputation

C．rebirth

D．reform

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What do we know about the players in the Village Super League?

A．They all come from the same ethnic group.

B．They play soccer in the evening.

C．They are professional.

2. What do the cheerleaders do before a match starts?

A．Play some instruments.

B．Give dance performances.

C．Sing some folk songs.

3. How does the speaker sound in the end?

A．Relieved.

B．Helpful.

C．Grateful.

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What animals are the speakers looking at in the beginning?

A．Some rabbits.

B．Some sparrows.

C．Some squirrels.

2. How far have the speakers walked?

A．Around 1,000 meters.

B．Around 700 meters.

C．Around 600 meters.

3. What does the man regret doing?

A．Carrying lots of things.

B．Climbing the mountain.

C．Eating too much.

4. What does the woman ask the man to give her?

A．Some chocolates.

B．A water bottle.

C．A rubbish bag.

9 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Which school opened the door for Uldus to study photography?

A．The North-West A cademy of Public Administration.

B．Central Saint Martins.

C．London College of Fashion.

2. What is the theme of most of Uldus’ photographs?

A．Escapism.

B．Heroism.

C．Individualism.

3. What kind of people does Uldus choose to work with?

A．Those who live a colorful life.

B．Those who are very creative.

C．Those who lead a tough life.

4. What is Uldus’ attitude towards digital technology?

A．Ambiguous.

B．Disapproving.

C．Supportive.

10 . What is the conversation mainly about?

A．A difficult question.

B．A piece of writing.

C．A person.