1 . 请根据句意指出下列句子中划线单词的词性与汉语意思。
1. True friends should never betray each other. Instead, they are supposed to be faithful to one another all the time.
2. Faced with the teacher sitting in front of me, suddenly my mind went blank and I couldn’t remember anything.
3. The road was blocked by fallen trees and the traffic came to a complete stop.
4. All the passengers were on board and the flight was about to take off.
5. The city was bombed by terrorists and it lay in ruins eventually.
6. With the improvement of living standards of the people, there is a boom in car sales.
7. Due to cultural difference, we are different from each other in many aspects, such as dressing, ways of thinking and eating habits, etc.
8. He always associates this song with his hometown which is far away. Whenever he listens to it, he’ll recall his hometown.
9. Actually, going abroad has no appeal to me. Even if I were given a chance, I wouldn’t choose to live overseas.
10. He was appointed as captain of the English team, but he refused to accept the offer.
11. After struggling for years, my brother finally attained a Master’s degree last month.
12. Mark is very interested in universe and he aims to take up astronomy, the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc.
13. She is bent on being an outstanding biologist and nothing can stop her achieving her dream.
14. On hearing the thrilling news, the kids bounced up and down excitedly.
15. Bonus is an extra amount of money that is added to a payment, especially to one’s wages as a reward.

2 . 词性转换
1. ________ vt. 帮助；援助→________ n．助手；助理→________ n．帮助
2. ________ vi.&vt. 抱怨；发牢骚→________ n．抱怨
3. ________ vt. 回答；回复　vi. 做出反应；回应→________ n. 反应；回答；回复
4. ________ vt. 任命；委派→________ n．任命；约定→________ adj. 约定的；指定的
5. ________ vt. 接替；取代；更换→________ n．取代
6. ________ vt. 选举；推选→________ n. 选举；推选；当选
7. ________ vt. 惊吓；使害怕　vi. 受惊吓→________ adj. 害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→________ adj. 令人害怕的
8. ________ vt. 拒绝接受；不录用→________ n. 拒绝接受；否决
9. ________ vi.&vt. 退休；退职；退出→________ n. 退休→________ adj. 退休的
10. ________ adj. 精力充沛的；充满活力的→________ adv. 精力充沛地→________ n．精力

4 . The Web is a minefield (雷区) where you can literally be bullied to death via social media, and a loose text can ______ your reputation.

A．appoint

B．limit

C．ruin

D．fade