1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. objected       B. choices       C. inequality       D. combination          E. paid        F. respond G. personality          H. fade       I. reduce       J. inherited       K. environmental

What makes us happy?

You probably know the type of personality in some people: they seem to be hopeful in almost everything. Are they simply born happy? Is it the product of their environment? Or does it come from their life decisions?

If you are familiar with genetics research, you will have guessed that it is a     1     of all three. A 2018 study of 1516 Norwegian twins suggests that around 30% of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is     2    . Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.

To put this in context, the heritability of IQ is thought to be around 80%, so     3     factors clearly play a role in our happiness. These include our physical health, the size and strength of our social network, job opportunities and income. It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us, which may explain why the level of       4     predicts happiness better than GDP.

Interestingly, many important life     5     have only a little influence on our happiness. Consider marriage. A 2019 study found that, on average, life satisfaction does rise after the wedding, but the feeling of happiness tends to     6     over middle age.

Parenthood is even more complex. For decades, social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without. More recent research, however, suggests that there are important regional differences.

Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in       7     parental leave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave, which together     8     the potential for work-family conflict. The effects of these policies may play out across generations. In addition to the legacy of their genes, parents’ own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour, which will, in turn, shape the     9     of their children.

Our life satisfaction, then, is shaped by our genes, health, economic prospects, relationships and the culture around us. While many of these things may be beyond your control, there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to     10     to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.

2 . 从selection，choice，option，alternative中选择合适的词填空。
1. Can wind power provide a cheaper and greener ________ to oil?
2. Art history wasn’t really my first ________, I wanted to study literature.
3. Our ________ process is open and fair.
4. There are various________ open to you.

3 . 选词填空

make choices, suit to, be useful for, focus on, provide with, a variety of, divide up, in conclusion

1. By ________saving water and electricity, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.
2. Students are ________learning materials throughout their course and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
3. You can seek advice, learn about the options and ________that are right for you.
4. ________, the environment is valuable because it can’t be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.
5. Their shows are a bit more mature for younger kids and better ________kids aged 5 and up.
6. Now that the work has been ________, let each one get on with his own job.
7. Professor Smith has a large amount of information that ________our research.
8. Most people learn best using ________methods, but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people.