1 . 汉语释义
1. Violence is a cancer in our society. [cancer基本义“癌症”]
2. It was difficult to maintain a secure foothold on the ice. [secure基本义“安心的”]
3. Steel is produced by combining iron with carbon(碳).[combine基本义“(使)合在一起”]
4. Like her mother Marie Curie, Irene combined family and career. [combine基本义“(使)合在一起”]
5. Mr. White is not available at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended.[available基本义“可获得的”]
6. You can’t eat instant noodles every day for your fitness. [instant基本义“立即的”]
7. My brother studies too hard, and I’ll continue trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career.[career基本义“职业”]
8. The hotels themselves will differ greatly—from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structures at a later date. [structure基本义“结构”]
9. He remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.[distant基本义“遥远的”]
10. Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries. [command基本义“命令”]

2 . 他们甚至命令我立即放弃我的爱好，并全神贯注于我的学业。(汉译英)
①________________________________________________________________________(command sb. to do)
②________________________________________________________________________(command that...)

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. absent	B. flood	C. bound	D. indistinguishable
E. polishing	F. strikingly	G. consequently	H. command
I. engaged	J. differing	K. critically

Rhinoceros horns(犀牛角) are big business. Traditional Chinese medicine uses them to treat rheumatism and gout, even though they have no actual pharmaceutical properties beyond placebo(安慰剂). And craftsmen carve them into dagger handles. A kilogram can thus     1     as much as $60,000, so there is tremendous incentive for poachers to hunt the animals. Since almost all rhinoceros populations are endangered, several     2    , this is a serious problem.

Some conservationists therefore suggest that a way to reduce pressure on the animals might be to     3     the market with fakes. This, they hope, would reduce the value of real horns and     4    , the motivation to hunt rhinos.

That would require the fake s to be good. But Fritz Vollrath, a zoologist at Oxford University, thinks his skills as a forger(伪造者) are up to the challenge. As he writes in Scientific Reports, he and his colleagues from Fudan University, in Shanghai, have come up with a cheap and easy-to-make fake     5     similar to the real thing.

The main ingredient of Dr. Vollrath’s forged horns is horsehair. Despite their     6     appearances, horses and rhinos are reasonably closely related. Horses do not have horns, of course. But, technically, neither do rhinos. The “horns” of rhinoceros are composed of hairs     7     tightly together using a mixture of dead cells.

Examination under a microscope showed that hairs collected from horses’ tails had similar features to those found in the horns of rhinos except that horse hairs had a special layer     8     in those of the rhino, but the researchers were able to remove this with a solution of lithium bromide.(溴化锂溶液)

They bundled the treated horse hairs as tightly as they could in a matrix of a special glue, and then left the bundles in an oven to dry. The result was a rough material that, with some     9    , looked like rhino horn.

Whether to launch     10     fakes onto the rhinoceros-horn market would truly reduce prices and demand remains to be tested. But it might. It is an old trick in warfare to leave the enemy with forged, worthless money. Something similar may yet help save the rhino.

4 . 汉译英
1. ________n. 短语；词组
2. ________ vt. 劝说；说服
3. ________vt. 转换；交换 vt.&vi.(使)改变；转变n．开关；转换器；改变
4. ________ n.   电器；器具
5. ________adj. 远程的；偏远的
6. ________n. 传感器；敏感元件
7. ________ n. 模式；方式；风格
8. ________ n. 常规；正常顺序adj. 常规的；日常的
9. ________ n. 指令；命令；控制vt. 命令；控制
10. ________ vi. &vt. 服从；遵守

5 . 从方框中选出与下列各句中画线单词意思相同或相近的选项

A. general spirit or character of something B. very small C. an order, especially one given by a soldier D. a sense of your own importance and value E. a promise to do something F. how high or low your voice is G. a calm and serious manner that deserves respect H. a form of something that is different from other forms I. something that you must do or deal with that takes your time J. a description of something that happened, according to one person K. to make yourself thinner by eating less, taking a lot of exercise, etc L. a great knowledge of a subject and an ability to use that knowledge

1. You haven’t got much for lunch — are you slimming?
2. There’s only a slim chance that anyone survived the crash.
3. We’ve made a commitment to help, and we will.
4. I’ve got too many commitments at the moment to do an evening class.
5. You will run forward at my command.
6. She has an impressive command of the English language.
7. She accepted the challenge with quiet dignity.
8. It’s difficult to preserve your dignity when you have no job and no home.
9. The software comes in several versions for different types of computers.
10. Each witness has a different version of what happened.
11. Generally, the tone of the book is humorous.
12. The rising tone of her voice emphasized her panic.

6 . 选词填空

A. constant       B. delight       C. complaint       D. command       E. Advances

1. The general had no choice but to __________ his army to retreat at once, for the force of the enemy was too fierce and frightening.
2. Management ignored our __________ that washing facilities were inadequate.
3. __________ in technology are transforming the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.
4. The building work is creating   __________ noise, dust and disturbance.

7 . 汉译英
1. integrate vi.＆vt. (使)合并；成为一体--- ________n. 结合，综合，集成--- ____ adj. 各部分密切协调的；综合的
2. sensor n. 传感器；敏感元件--- ______ adj. 感觉的，感官的--- ______ v. 感觉到，觉察到--- ____ adj. 敏感的---______n. 灵敏度；敏感--- _____ adj. 可感觉到的
3. efficient adj. 效率高的；有功效的--- ______ adv. 高效地
4. routine n. 常规；正常顺序adj.常规的；日常的--- _____adv. 例行公事地，常规地；惯常地
5. preference n. 爱好；偏爱--- ______ v. 更喜爱，宁可
6. instant n. 瞬间；片刻adj. 立即的；速食的；速溶的---______ adv. 立刻，马上 conj. 一…就…
7. command n. 指令；命令；控制vt. 命令；控制--- ______ n. 指挥官，长官
8. obey vi.＆vt. 服从；遵守---________v. 违反；不服从---______ n. 服从，遵从---______adj. 服从的，顺从的
9. warning n. 警告；警示；先兆--- ______v. 提醒；警告
10. constant adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的n. 常数；常量--- ______ adv. 经常地，不断地--- ______ adj. 变化无常的；多变的

8 . 词性转换
1. ________ adj. 遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的→________ n. 距离；远处
2. ________ vt.&vi. (使)结合；混合→________ n. 结合；混合
3. ________ vt. 劝说；说服→________ n. 说服→________ adj. 有说服力的
4. ________ vt. 反对；抵制；阻挠→________ adj. 反对的
5. ________ adj. 效率高的；有功效的→________ adv. 有效地→________ n. 效率；功率→(反)________ adj.无效的
6. ________ n. 爱好；偏爱→________ v. 喜欢→________ /________ /________ (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
7. ________ n. 瞬间；片刻 adj. 立即的；速食的；速溶的→________ adv. 立刻；马上
8. ________ n. 指令；命令；控制 vt. 命令；控制→________ n. 指挥官
9. ________ n. 警告；警示；先兆→________ v. 警告；警示
10. ________ adj. 不正常的；反常的→(反)________ adj. 正常的→________ adv. 正常地

9 . 英汉互译
1. ________ adj. 各部分密切协调的；综合的
2. ________ vi.＆vt.(使)合并；成为一体
3. ________ adj. 效率高的；有功效的
4. ________ n. 常规；正常顺序adj.常规的；日常的
5. ________ 日常生活
6. preference________
7. instant________
8. command________
9. warning________
10. constant________

10 . 选词填空

reach an agreement; come true; set sail; under the command of; for the benefit of;in hand; in return for; withdraw from

1. It was a bright clear morning when we at last ________________in the ship.
2. As far as I can see, only by working hard will our dream ________________.
3. The unexpected injury forced him to ________________the tournament.
4. The ship, which is________________ captain Blake, looks fairly splendid.
5. I wish I could do something ________________the kindness I have received from him.
6. Despite the previous rounds of talks, the two sides haven’t ________________so far.
7. In fact, what he said has no direct relation to the matter ________________.
8. This is a benefit to mankind, ________________future generations of energy-saving projects.