1 . The English between about AD 450 and 1150 was based more ________ German because England was ruled by German during that time.

2 . The proposal that smart devices should carry security labels was introduced a voluntary basis at first, which _______the research findings that these devices were able to put consumers' privacy and security at risk.

A．on, based on	B．by, based on
C．on, was based on	D．by, was based on