1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Identify the problem, a goal, and a reward

Novelist Sarah Howery Hart says it's important that writers identify a specific problem, a goal, and a reward for any behavior they wish to change. In her conference workshops titled “Stuck, Tired, Bored, and Distracted: How Writers in Distress can use Psychology Tools to Overcome Common Writing-related Problems, she teaches techniques learned in her doctoral study of psychology to help writers become more     1     and efficient.

One of the most common     2     she hears is the lack of time to write. “First, we need to determine what that means,” she says. “Maybe it means that you do things that     3     your own writing, like checking emails and social media. Your next step is to determine how     4     this is happening.”

She offers her participants worksheets to help them measure how often a particular behavior occurs, and then asks them to     5     whether the behavior is truly a problem. “Let’s say you find that you check your email once an hour while you're writing. Is that too frequent? Only you can determine that, ’’ she says. “If you check your email and then move on to Facebook and then to Twitter-even if you’ve only checked once, this can take a(n)     6     15 minutes out of your writing hour. Also, you lose your     7     of thought and can’t remember what you were going to write next.”

She advises writers to set a goal - for instance, writing for an hour without checking email or social media. “And then you have to determine your reward     8    ,” she says. “How often will you need to reward yourself?”

She urges writers to assess their progress    9    . “After a day, after a few days，are you meeting your goals?” she says. “If the reward didn’t work, you may need to     10     it. Maybe reading a book for 15 minutes wasn't the strongest reward for you because you read for two hours when you go to bed at night. Maybe you’d rather go to the gym or out for a half-hour run.”

2 . 有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。(arise)

3 . 我养成了习惯，趁记忆犹新，就把难忘的经历写下来。(while)

4 . The _______ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.

A．bicycle's shop	B．bicycle shop
C．bicycles shop	D．bicycles' shop

5 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the -words in the box. Each -word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. infections     B. factors                 C. particularly          D. separate          E. seriously        F. passive G. mixtures          H. significantly   I. present                       J. negative            K. exposed

Air pollution triggers (引发)more heart attacks than using cocaine and poses as high a risk of sparking a heart attack as alcohol, coffee and physical exertion, scientists said on Thursday. Anger, marijuana (大麻)use and chest or respiratory (与呼吸有关的)     1     can also trigger heart attacks to different extents, the researchers said, but air pollution,       2     in heavy traffic, is the major cause.

The findings, published in The Lancet journal, suggest population-wide       3     like polluted air should be taken more       4     when looking at heart risks, and should be put into context besides higher but relatively rarer risks like drug use. Tim Nawrot of Hasselt University in Belgium, who led the study, said he hoped his findings would also encourage doctors to think more often about population level risks.

Nawrot’s team combined data from thirty-six       5     studies and calculated the relative risk posed by a series of heart attack triggers and their population-attributable fraction (PAF)—in other words the proportion of total heart attacks estimated to have been caused by each trigger. “Of the triggers for heart attack studied, cocaine is the most likely to trigger an event in an individual, but traffic has the greatest population effect as more people are       6     to it,” the researchers wrote. “PAFs give a measure of how much disease would be avoided if the risk was no longer       7    . ”

A report published late last year found that air pollution in many major cities in Asia exceeds the WHO’s air quality guidelines and that poisonous       8     of pollutants result in more than 530,000 earlier deaths a year. While       9     smoking was not included in this study, Nawrot said the effects of secondhand smoke were likely to be similar to that of outdoor air pollution, and noted previous research found that bans on smoking in public places have       10     reduced heart attack rates.

6 . 我家门口的街道成天车水马龙。(crowd)
_____________________

7 . 这是一个简单的故事，但是简单并不代表缺乏深度。（lack）（汉译英）

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Publicity at any Price

Have you ever wondered how far some people will go to get    1     or to make their point? There are hundreds of examples of publicity stunts（广告行为）but here are just several that really caught the public’s attention.

1 THE PEANUT PROTESTER

In September 2003, Mark McGowan created massive media interest when he took two weeks to push a peanut across London, using only his nose. The protest against his student debt started at Goldsmiths College and ended at 10 Downing Street, where Mr McGowan    2     the nut to former Prime Minister Tony Blair. He asked Mr Blair to accept the nut as     3     for his debt.

2 EARTH HOUR

In 2007, Sydney, Australia saw the launch of this campaign to raise awareness of climate change. 2.2 million homes and businesses turned off their non-essential lights for one hour. Since then, this event has captured the public's     4    with up to 50 million people across the world taking part. Global    5    like the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, Rome’s Colosseum and the Coca-Cola billboard in Time’s Square have all stood in darkness.

3 MICHAEL JACKSON ON THE THAMES

The release of Michael Jackson’s CD History was     6     by his record company, Sony, by floating a huge statue of the artist down the River Thames in June 1995. This was part of a massive     7    campaign costing $30 million. There were a total of nine statues used in countries throughout Europe as part of the campaign. Each one was 10 metres tall, 2100 kilos in weight and was made from steel and fiberglass.

4 THE COLOUR OF PEPSI

To promote the change of     8    colour from red and white to blue, the soft drink company, Pepsi, launched a series of ambitious publicity stunts. In April 2006 it paid the British newspaper. The Mirror, to print on blue paper. It also     9     for Concorde airplanes to be painted blue and got the astronauts on the Mir space station to be filmed with a(n)     10    Pepsi can. In total the campaign cost the company £300 million.

9 . 民众呼吁政府延长对失业的救济。（appeal）

10 . 多参加志愿者活动，它能使你成为更好的人。(and)
____________