1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. motive       B. deliberately   C. convinced       D. injurious E. alerts F. desperately     G.   swept       H. accounts I. unconscious     J. preserving K. charging

Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales

Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam     1     toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was     2     onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident     3     me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”

Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar     4    . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks     5     killer whales,” he says.

In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks     6     interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially     7     activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”

Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that     8     them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”

I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly     9     their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough     10     for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

Criticism of the Fast Fashion

In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was     1     over the years from     fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes.

This top-down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year accusation of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so,     2     in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more     3    . Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that—and to     4     their wardrobe(衣橱) every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have controlled fashion cycles, shaking an industry long     5     to a seasonal pace.

The     6     of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that     7     natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named   Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be imitated.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to     8     their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers. She exhibits the idealism     9     to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity(虚 荣心) is a constant; people will only start shopping more     10     when they can’t afford not to.