1 . Some ancient texts describes a city called Heracleion, _______ was located at the mouth of the Nile River and disappeared beneath the waves 1,200 years ago. (用适当的词填空)

2 . As a result, some old libraries became musty and attracted various pests, some of which then took the form of insects and worms loving to eat paper and stay inside of books, _______ they would spend their entire lives. It was just natural to transfer the “bookworm” idea to humans who loved to consume books as much as these pests did. (用适当的词填空)

3 . Does tourism, ________ some people suggest, have impact on the traditional values of local population? (用适当的词填空)

4 . 正如之前预料的一样，参与家长会的很多家长自告奋勇承担了校园检查员的职务。(as) (汉译英)

5 . 众所周知，如果我们不惧失败，没有什么能打败我们。(failure, defeat)(汉译英)

6 . 越来越多的语言学家担心一些地方方言会因全球化而面临消亡，这可能会导致语言多样性的缺失。(likely) (汉译英)

7 . 公司做出了一些重大决定，可能直接影响到员工的经济收入。(which) (汉译英)

8 . 许多物种由于人类活动正以惊人的速率消失，这正威胁着地球的未来。(threaten) （汉译英）

9 . The key is to concentrate, _____ helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘ calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind when I feel tense. （用适当的词填空）