1 . In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight uninvited theatre groups turned up in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house no longer used for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known playwrights(剧作家) in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing(给……提供场地) 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
1. What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival in the beginning?| A．To bring Europe together again. |
| B．To honor heroes of World WarⅡ. |
| C．To introduce young theatre groups. |
| D．To attract great artists from Europe. |
| A．They owned a public house there. |
| B．They came to take up a challenge. |
| C．They thought they were also famous. |
| D．They wanted to take part in the festival. |
| A．Popular writers. |
| B．University students. |
| C．Artists from around the world. |
| D．Performers of music and dance. |
| A．has become a non-official event |
| B．has gone beyond an art festival |
| C．gives shows all year round |
| D．keeps growing rapidly |
| Memo To: Andy White From: Rita Brown Date: 3rd June Subject: Winter Carnival 10th January to 12th February at the Universal Park. We also propose an entrance fee of $10. The site will be divided into six areas. In the centre, there will be a flower show. We will invite both growers from home and abroad to participate. To the side of the flower show, next to Kent Road and Bedford P.F. Productions Road, there will be two areas for amusement rides. We will set up thirty rides in these areas. This year, we propose holding two new events-a fancy dress contest and an ice sculpture exhibition. We suggest that we should set aside an area for the fancy dress contest, which is close to the entrance and next to Bedford Road. We are also considering building an exhibition hall for the ice sculpture exhibition. Finally, next to the entrance, there will be a food fair, where visitors can enjoy food from around the world. Please give me your feedback on our arrangements. Thank you for your help. Rita |
Andy’s Map of the Winter Carnival
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