1 . Kids Flying Alone Guide
Helpful tips for children traveling alone | |||
Airline | Age | Fee per child (each way). | Notes |
Air Tran Airways | 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only | $ 48 for a non-stop flight | Unaccompanied children. |
American | 6 to 8 years old — non-stop or direct flights only | $ 110 | Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online. |
British Airways | 7 to 15 years old — can travel alone on connecting flights | $ 60 for flights within UK | Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online. |
Frontier Airlines | 6 to 15 years old — non-stop or direct flights or connecting flights | $ 60 for non-stop or direct flights $120 for connecting flights | Flights for unaccompanied children cannot be booked online. |
Before the flight:
Try to book a morning flight. If it is delayed or canceled, you have the rest of the day to make alternate planes. Make sure your child doesn’t wear any clothing that has his or her name on it, which would make it easier for a stranger to convince a child he can be trusted.
At the airport:
Make sure the flight attendants know that your child is traveling alone. Make sure that he or she will be seated in an area of the aircraft that’s convenient for attendants to keep an eye on — the very front of very back of the aircraft is ideal.
Register your child’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department, which can provide assistance in an emergency. This is a free service.
What to pack:
Cell phone: If your child doesn’t have a cell phone, buy him or her a pay-as-you-go phone at a cell phone retailer (零售店) so he or she has an easy form of communication for emergencies.
Gift cards: Invest in a few pre-paid gift cards worth $ 25 or $ 50, This will reduce the worry of traveling with a large amount of cash.
Family/ friends contact information: Give your child a complete list of names, numbers and addresses of the people who are picking your child up at the airport.
1. How much should you pay if your child aged eleven travels alone on a connecting flight by Frontier Airlines?| A．$ 50. | B．$ 75. |
| C．$ 120. | D．$ 160. |
| A．Juice or water can’t be brought onto the aircraft. |
| B．Unaccompanied children can’t fly on the last flight of the day. |
| C．Pay-as-you-go phones are provided for free at the airport for children without cell phones. |
| D．Parents can register children’s travel plans with the U. S. State Department for free. |
| A．Booking them morning flights. |
| B．Giving them a large amount of cash. |
| C．Making them sit in the middle of the aircraft. |
| D．Dressing them in clothing with their names on it. |
| A．By taxi. | B．By car. | C．By subway. |
Looking around the streets of London, you'll see many people on different means of transport,
Scooter, this traditional children vehicle
However, safety problems arise.
Despite the fact that some of them can exceed 30mph, they only have one brake and no lights.
1.你推荐的路线；
2.你推荐的理由；
3.你的祝愿。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出。不计入总词数。
Dear Selena,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely.
Li Hua
5 . If you thought pilots dimmed（调暗）the lights before takeoff to give you some shuteye, think again. Believe it or not, the dim lighting could actually help save your life in case of a plane emergency.
The dimmed lights before taking off the runway and landing are a flight precaution used to help passengers’ eyes adjust quicker during an emergency escape. “Going from a brightly lit environment to one that’s completely dark would require some time for our eyes to focus and see the escape slide,” Alice Theriault, service director for Air Canada wrote in a press statement. “Since we need to have all the seconds on our side in the event of an emergency, dimming the lights is one of many steps we take to ensure the safety of our customers.”
The phenomenon that your eyes see those strange speckles (小斑点) as your sight adjusts to a dark place after being in a light place is called dark adaptation. It normally takes our eyes about 20 to 30 seconds to see best in a dark room. The brighter the lights, the longer it takes for our eyes to adjust, which is why dimming the plane lights could shorten your “dark adaptation” time since you haven’t been sitting under fluorescent bulbs (荧光灯) all flight.
Not only does dimming lights add valuable time to the escape process, but it reduces the tension on your eyes if you need to look outside, or see the emergency lighting along the passage. “It helps keep you in the right direction.” Patrick Smith, an airline pilot and author of Cockpit Confidential told The Telegraph. “It also makes it easier for flight attendants to assess any outside risks, such as fire or debris, that might affect an escape.” So next time a pilot dims the lights, just know it’s for your safety, even though it creates a gentle atmosphere for your takeoff into the sky.
1. The lights are turned down before takeoff to help passengers_______.| A．escape in time of emergency |
| B．take a short break |
| C．create a comfortable atmosphere |
| D．enjoy themselves |
| A．Dimming lights is required when accidents happen. |
| B．Our eyes need some time to adapt to the change of light. |
| C．Speckles are caused by the use of dimmed lights. |
| D．It is required for pilots to turn off lights during the flight. |
| A．Slowing down the landing. |
| B．Adjusting the plane lights. |
| C．Keeping passengers calm. |
| D．Helping the crew judge outside risks. |
| A．A tip to make air travel safer. |
| B．An emergency event happening on a plane. |
| C．An explanation of an airline safety measure. |
| D．A warning message from the pilot. |
6 . People traveling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly can anyone positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train carriages soon get crowded. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous(单调的) rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon makes you sleep. During the day, sleep comes in snatches. While at night you rarely manage to sleep. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.
Long car journey are even less pleasant, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speed, but more often than not, the greater span of the journey is spent on narrow, uneven roads which are crowded with traffic.
By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the broad decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good food-always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice up to a third of their holidays for the pleasure of traveling on a ship.
Airplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and a little expensive. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. Traveling at a height of 30,000 feet and at over 500 miles an hour is a pleasant experience. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real relaxation can be a free film show and some other services. An airplane also offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch on for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: you will arrive at your destination fresh and untired.
1. The author indicates that reading can help lessen _______.| A．the boredom of being in the train |
| B．the tiresome clicking of the wheels |
| C．the sleeplessness during the journey |
| D．the poor atmosphere of the carriages |
| A．It is safe because the car usually goes at high speed. |
| B．It is unpleasant because reading is quite impossible. |
| C．It is exhausting because you seldom manage to sleep. |
| D．It is dangerous because the traffic is always too busy. |
| A．traveling by air is not so tiring as the others |
| B．traveling by air brings more fun than the others |
| C．traveling by air is much more expensive than the others |
| D．traveling by air offers more time for sleep than the others |
| A．To introduce diverse ways of traveling. |
| B．To point out the best means of traveling. |
| C．To emphasize the advantages of traveling. |
| D．To introduce how to relax when traveling |
| A．By car. | B．By train. | C．By bus. |
8 . When a driver slams on the brakes to avoid hitting a pedestrian crossing the road illegally, she is making a moral decision that shifts risk from the pedestrian to the people in the car. Self-driving cars might soon have to make such ethical (道德的)judgments on their own — but settling on a universal moral code for the vehicles could be a tough task, suggests a survey.
The largest ever survey of machine ethics, called the Moral Machine, laid out 13 possible situations in which someone’s death was unavoidable. Respondents were asked to choose who to spare in situations that involved a mix of variables: young or old, rich or poor, more people or fewer. Within 18 months, the online quiz had recorded 40 million decisions made by people from 233 countries and territories.
When the researchers analysed these answers, they found that the nations could be divided into three groups. One contains North America and several European nations where Christianity has been the dominant (占支配地位的)religion; another includes countries such as Japan, Indonesia and Pakistan, with strong Confucian or Islamic traditions. A third group consists of countries in Central and South America, such as Colombia and Brazil. The first group showed a stronger preference for sacrificing older lives to save younger ones than did the second group, for example.
The researchers also identified relationships between social and economic factors in a country. They found that people from relatively wealthy countries with strong institutions, such as Finland and Japan, more often chose to hit people who stepped into traffic illegally than did respondents in nations with weaker institutions, such as Nigeria or Pakistan.
People rarely face such moral dilemmas, and some cities question whether the possible situations posed in the online quiz are relevant to the ethical and practical questions surrounding driverless cars. But the researchers argue that the findings reveal cultural differences that governments and makers of self-driving cars must take into account if they want the vehicles to gain public acceptance.
At least Barbara Wege, who heads a group working on autonomous-vehicle ethics at Audi in Ingolstadt, Germany, says such studies are valuable. Wege argues that self-driving cars would cause fewer accidents, proportionally, than human drivers do each year—but that people might focus more on events involving robots.
Surveys such as the Moral Machine can help to begin public discussions about these unavoidable accidents that might develop trust. “We need to come up with a social consensus,” she says, “about which risks we are willing to take.”
1. Why is it difficult to set universal moral rules for programming self-driving cars?| A．Social values always change with the times. |
| B．Moral choices vary between different cultures. |
| C．Drivers have a preference for sacrificing the weak. |
| D．Car makers are faced with decisions of life or death. |
| A．using a massive online quiz worldwide |
| B．comparing different cultures and customs |
| C．dividing the respondents into three groups |
| D．performing a series of controlled experiments |
| A．Nigeria | B．Colombia |
| C．Finland | D．Indonesia |
| A．Self-driving cars will greatly improve the traffic environment |
| B．Accidents caused by self-driving cars might receive more attention |
| C．Problems involving self-driving cars might shake the public trust in society |
| D．Car makers needn’t take the risk of solving self-driving car ethical dilemmas |
1. What was the main purpose of the man's trip to San Diego?
| A．To visit a sick boy. | B．To go sightseeing. | C．To send Emily to college. |
| A．From the Internet. | B．From the newspaper. | C．From his daughter. |
| A．A photo of Emily's university. | B．A photo of the cancer boy. | C．Some photos of his trip. |
| A．The zoo. | B．The museum. | C．The beach. |
1. Why does the man congratulate the woman?
| A．She got a new job. | B．She bought a new car. | C．She passed her driving test. |
| A．On Sunday. | B．On Saturday. | C．On Friday. |
| A．Her car’s price. | B．Her car’s safety. | C．Her car’s appearance. |
