1 . We are fortunate to live in a city that encourages bicycling as a means of transportation.Our local government has promoted bicycling by improving bike lanes and increasing the number of them. The growing number of cyclists, however, brings this question to mind: should bicyclists be required to share the responsibilities of the road? Automobile drivers have to take competency tests, follow established regulations, and accept punishment for breaking rules. The city requests drivers to register and license their vehicles to ensure accountability (责任）. Bicyclists who use public roadways should be held accountable, too.

Let's look at what sharing the road means. For one thing, it should involve cost sharing.Auto registration and license fees are used, in part, for building and maintaining roadways. It seems only reasonable to ask bicyclists to contribute to transportation funding as well.

More importantly,sharing the road includes accountability. When drivers ignore the rules of the road, the police and other motorists have the opportunity to identify them by their license plate number and report their offenses (违法行为）。 This isn't true for bicyclists. I've seen bicyclists moving quickly between lanes.Because they show no identification, they feel protected by anonymity(匿名）。What good would it do to report to the police “I saw a guy on a red bike blow through the stoplight"? The simple act of making bicyclists identifiable would encourage safer, more responsible riding.

Of course,I've heard arguments against asking cyclists to register and license their bikes. Some people might say, “Little kids ride bikes. Would you require a six-year-old rider to take a test and pay a fee?" Obviously, the city could determine an age when cycling would be considered a "means of transportation on public roads." Other people argue that bicycle fees are unfair because bikes don't damage the roadways as cars do. Bicycle registration fees could be comparatively modest, and the method for displaying a license number could be simple.

Many U.S. cities and towns now implement bike registration and licensing. A statute(法规）from one. California town states that the laws regulating bicycles have a dual purpose, antitheft and safety. I'm eager to see more bicyclists on the road, and I'm hoping for riders who take their responsibilities seriously.

1. To advocate responsible cycling, the author suggests

A．increasing the number of bike lanes

B．giving competency tests to all cyclists

C．identifying cyclists through registration

D．reporting cycling offenses more frequently

2. What is the author's purpose in writing Paragraph 4?

A．To explain how bicycle registration and licensing work.

B．To provide solutions to reduce irresponsible cycling of kids.

C．To respond to people's doubts about holding cyclists accountable.

D．To argue against requiring cyclists to register and license their bicycles.

3. What argumentative methods are used in this article?
① Using examples
② Quoting professionals
③ Comparing and contrasting
④ Appealing to readers' emotions

A．①②

B．②④

C．③④

D．①③

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Should we encourage more cycling in the city?

B．Should cyclists register and license their bikes?

C．What does "sharing the road" mean to cyclists?

D．How can road safety be guaranteed for cyclists?

2 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Ten years ago, people bought electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce their carbon footprint.     1     the limited range and high price made EVs something of a rare sight on roads. A lot can change in a decade. Advances in battery technology     2     (mean) electric cars now travel much further on a single charge. Government grants (补贴) serve to draw buyers away from gasoline-powered cars. The change will have a huge impact     3     life. Roads will become far     4     (quiet) and pollution levels will be reduced quickly, potentially leading to improved quality of life.

3 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In most big cities, it is easier to hire a taxi at a moment’s notice when the weather is good. But when it’s raining, people have a much harder time     1    (find) one. One obvious reason is that many people who walk short distances during good weather prefer to take a taxi in the rain.     2    , taxis tend to be more fully occupied on rainy days. Besides, the supply of available taxis is also smaller because taxi drivers can     3     (easy) reach the target fares and go home early.

4 . 阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。

Beijing Daxing Airport is Finally Open

Beijing Daxing International Airport (PKX), also known as Beijing New Airport, is the biggest airport in the world. It is also the second international airport of Beijing along with Beijing Capital International airport. Daxing Airport is located in Daxing District (the southern suburbs of Beijing). Its location was selected after thorough analysis. With a 46km-distance from Tiananmen Square, a 67km-distance from Beijing International Airport and a 26km-distance from Langfang City Center, Daxing Airport aims to become the main airport hub of the serving area. It is expected to handle up to 45 million passengers per year by 2021 and reach an outstanding 100 million in the future.

How big is Daxing Airport?

Daxing Airport was called “Starfish” because of its impressive shape. There is a huge terminal building (航站楼) covering a 700,000m² area while the ground transportation centre extends to 80,000m². For the time being, Daxing Airport has four runways and 79 airport stands. The 4 runways’ size is impressive while the airport stands are suitable both for one twin-aisle (双通道) and two single-aisle planes. Eventually, the airport will have 7 runways in total and will be able to serve about 620,000 flights annually.

Who designed Daxing Airport?

The airport’s design is pioneering. Its terminal building is the impressive outcome of the collaboration between ADP Ingeniérie (ADPI) and the architecture team of Zaha Hadid (ZHA) who tragically passed away in 2016. Then, in August 2018, Hong Kong design studio Lead 8 undertook the design of the new commercial terminal which is expected to respond to every passenger’s needs.

What are the designing advantages?

Daxing Airport was designed to show high respect to environmental protection. Besides, to simplify passenger procedures, there are only less than 600 meters between checkpoints and gates and a minimum waiting time for baggage claim. Furthermore, the designers paid great attention to the convenient ground transportation system of the airport. High-speed and intercity trains, metro and public buses will connect the new airport to Beijing city and other major areas in a fast and efficient way.

1. What does Daxing Airport aim to? （不多于九个单词）
2. Why is Daxing Airport called “Starfish”? （不多于五个单词）
3. Who designed the commercial terminal? （不多于六个单词）
4. Please write down one of the designing advantages of Daxing Airport. （不多于七个单词）

5 . Is traffic a big problem where you live? Increased cycling may be the answer. Where are the best places to live and cycle? A new report lists the best bike-friendly cities around the world.

Top of the list is Amsterdam, the bike capital of the world. An incredible 40% of all traffic movements are by bicycle. There’s an extensive network of safe, fast and comfortable cycle routes. Copenhagen, the city of bikes, is a city where 32% of workers cycle to work because it’s fast and easy. Berlin is another European city that’s great for cycling. The city has about 80 kilometers of bike lanes, and 50 kilometers of pavement paths. Cycling accounts for 12% of total street traffic.

Barcelona has been praised for its cycle service “Bicing”. This was introduced in March 2007. It’s a bicycle service that allows users to take bicycles from any of the 100 stations spread around the city. Later, they can leave them at any other bike station inside the urban area of the city. The city has created a “green ring” that surrounds the city area of Barcelona with a bike path. There are 3,250 parking spaces for bikes at street level at present. Barcelona City is also building a new underground car park for bicycles.

The UK has its cycle-friendly cities too. Bristol is the birthplace of “Sustrans” —the cycle-route charity which was formed 30 years ago. One of their projects was turning an old rail line between Bristol and Bath into a bike route. Other bike-friendly cities in the UK include Cambridge and York Cambridge is an old city but has still managed to build good cycle infrastructure (基础设施), and cyclists are considered at every stage of any new developments.

Bicycle is a most popular means of transportation in China. Nowadays, riding a bicycle is also a good way to support low-carbon living. Beijing can be one of the best bike-friendly cities in China. There are many riding routes in Beijing for outdoor-lovers to explore. Cyclists can get close enough to experience the history and culture of Beijing, including the Forbidden City, Drum Tower, the Water Cube, the Bird’s Nest, Hutong etc.

1. In Amsterdam, traffic movements by bicycle account for

A．80%	B．40%
C．32%	D．12%

2. What do we know about “Bicing” in Barcelona?

A．There are 100 bike stations spread around the city.

B．Cyclists can leave their bikes anywhere in the city.

C．There were 3,250 parking spaces for bikes in 2007.

D．Underground bike parking stations are everywhere.

3. A rail line was changed to a bike route in________.

A．Beijing	B．Cambridge
C．York	D．Bristol

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The history of cycling.	B．The best cities for cycling.
C．The development of cycling.	D．The rules for cycling.

6 . Surveillance (监视) is a fact of life. Your boss is monitoring your performance at work. Supermarkets are collecting data on your grocery shopping.     1    

In a few months, European Union law-makers are due to approve proposals that will make driver assistance systems mandatory (强制的) in cars within three years. All new models of car will come with black boxes (event data recorders), intelligent speed assistance, lane-keeping assistance and more besides.

A large number of technologies will soon be monitoring a driver’s every move. Are we prepared for devices that watch how we drive and try to help us do it better?

    2     In a report published in April 2018, it found that the suite of changes could save at least 7,300 lives by 2030, and reduce the number of serious injuries from car crashes by 38,900. “We can have the same kind of impact as when safety belts were first introduced,” says Oliver Carsten, who studies transport safety at the University of Leeds, UK.

    3     The black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance. It would be easy to worry about being watched in your car. But the EU rules say the system is only checked in the event of an accident to help with insurance claims and police investigation. The point is to provide for a fair allocation (分配) of responsibility when a crash occurs. Some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium (保险费).     4     What’s more, the data collected in human-driven cars will help train automated driving systems to the point that they could be ready for large-scale deployment in the future.

    5     Drivers should think of it as an extra layer of protection, rather than the vehicle trying to take over driving from you.

A．Now there is a new field: the automobile.

B．There is concern about these technologies, however.

C．The tech is reducing costs because it’s reducing the number of crashes.

D．Safety isn't much discussed, principally because cars are already very safe.

E．While the EU is taking the boldest steps, these technologies aren't far behind in other parts of the world.

F．As a result, what may at first glance seem like a surveillance technology is actually a benefit for society.

G．The European Commission says that introducing these advanced driver assistance systems will make driving safer.

7 . 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 交通出行；
2. 必备衣物。
注意：
1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

8 . 阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。

Patrick and Rachel Hugens have biked around the world. The Hugenses, who live in Boise when not on their bikes, are 25 months into their latest round-the-world adventure, scheduled to end in March. They've visited 36 countries on this tour, touching Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. “Traveling by bike is the greatest freedom," Rachel said via email. “You can see people's daily lives and can communicate with them.”

Rachel warns, “Cycle touring can become addictive.” Bike tourism is on the rise in the United States and around the world, according to the Adventure Cycling Association. The U. S. Bicycle Route System has grown 66 percent in the past two years and now has a presence in 24 states, including Idaho, and the District of Columbia.

Dennis Swift，secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association, rode across the U.S. last year- from Seattle to Salem, Mass. Six people started the tour and three finished, riding 52 out of 56 days. They averaged about 60 miles per riding day. Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year. He's planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year. “When you get older, your health is most important,” he said. “My mom had Alzheimer's disease. They say what's good for health is good for the brain, so riding is one thing to be first in my life.”

This is the third time that the couple have quit their jobs to tour. Rachel is a nurse; Patrick is an architect. Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007. They're uncertain what will happen this time. They've given themselves a chance to save extra money by going to work by bike and avoiding some bills that are basic for most ( cell phones, cable TV).“Traveling changes your view of money and what it can do for you,” Rachel said. “We've met some cyclists traveling long term. They have many reasons to spend wisely.”

“The fellow cyclists we meet mostly come from Britain, Germany, Spain, Holland, Australia or New Zealand," Rachel said, “It is so nice to see that people all over the world are friendly and welcoming.”

1. How many countries have the Hugenses visited on their latest tour? (不多于2个单词)
___________________________________________________________________
2. Why does Dennis Swift ride bikes? (不多于2个单词)
___________________________________________________________________
3. How do the Hugenses save extra money for their bike tours? (不多于10个单词)
___________________________________________________________________
4. What is the passage mainly about? (不多于3个单词)
___________________________________________________________________

9 . Each year there is an increasing number of cars on roads and streets as millions of new cars and trucks are produced. One out of every six Americans works at putting together the parts of cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling cars and trucks with gas. Americans won’t live without cars!

Most Americans   would   find   it   hard   to   think   what   life   would   look   like   without   cars. However, some have realized the serious problems of the air pollution that is caused by the car.

The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.

One way to get rid of the polluted air is to build a car that does not pollute. That’s what several of the large car factories have been trying to do. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field has been slow.

Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that pleases man.

To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we’ll have to make some changes in the way many of us live. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their total cars. They are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle. Bicycling is thought to help keep the air clean.

But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.

Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.

1. How many ways to get rid of air pollution are suggested in this article by the writer?

A．Four.	B．Three.
C．Two.	D．One.

2. If the number of cars is cut down, the most serious problem to American workers is_______.

A．to have no work to do	B．to keep the air clean
C．to get a better life	D．to go to work by bike

3. What is the conclusion(结论) of the writer?

A．Bicycling is the only way out.

B．The number of cars must be cut down.

C．Cars bring us nothing but serious problems.

D．Cars bring us not only a better life but serious problems.

4. To reduce pollution, we’ll have to   make some   changes in the   way many of us live, EXCEPT that ______.

A．Americans have to cut down on the number of their total cars.

B．People are encouraged to travel and go to work by bicycle.

C．The number of cars on the roads should be limited every day.

D．People should build more roads and fill cars and trucks with gas.

10 . The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway may be the slowest train in the world. Every day the train     1     (climb) over 2250 meters. Although the entire trip is 80 kilometers, it takes up to ten hours. The railway     2     (build) in 1881 and has been carefully protected for its cultural importance. Today the train is attractive to the passengers who come from other places     3     (see) the railway and the surrounding mountains. They seem to get a lot of pleasure     4     its slow speed. For     5     (fan) of this train, being slow is actually a good thing. As these people say, “slow” has four letters, so has life; “speed” has five letters, so has death.