2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A ban on distracted walking

You can‘t walk down the street without passing so-called “smart-phone zombies (僵尸)”.

They are too absorbed in their screen    1    (watch) where they are going. Almost four in ten people admit having suffered a technology-related small accident     2     they pay more attention to their electronic device than to the pavement.

Now the city of Honolulu, Hawaii, has decided it’s time to take immediate action and make it illegal to cross the road while using a mobile phone. Those     3     (catch) using phones, tablets or other electronic devices at crossing points could face a fine of up to$ 100.

Honolulu is the first major U. S. city to ban     4     is called “distracted walking”. It comes after a study found there     5     (be) more than 11,000 injuries in the United States resulting from phone-related distraction while walking in the past few years.

To explain the decision, mayor Kirk Caldwell said, “We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city     6     more pedestrians are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country.”

Under the fine systems     7     breaks this law for the first time will get a fine of $15 to $35. People breaking the law for a second or third time will get a $99 fine.

The law, which is called the Distracted Walking Law, does permit an exception. Pedestrians     8     use such devices in the street to call emergency services and rescue workers, such as firefighters and police officers.

If you still want to text while walking, you could avoid     9     (fine) in Honolulu by using a voice-controlled digital assistant such as Siri or Google Assistant. Or you could just wait     10     you are again, safely, off the street.

3 . From quiet paths by a stream in a forest to busy roads running through a city, people have created various forms of routes in different places. These now exist all around us, and their use is imperative for societies. These routes have enabled people to move, transport things, and send information from one place to another quickly and safely. Throughout history, they have been important in our daily lives.

Early routes were often formed naturally on land. They gradually developed over long periods of time while people traveled them on foot or horseback. A significant turning point in their history arrived when the first wheeled carts appeared in ancient times. Once this happened, people recognized the importance of well-maintained routes. Therefore, towns, cities, and entire countries improved them. As a result, life became more convenient, communities grew, economies evolved, and cultures expanded.

People have established routes on water, too. Rivers and canals have served as effective routes for people to move around and carry things. For instance, in the old, Japanese city of Edo, water routes were used for the transportation of agricultural products, seafood, and wood. People have also opened routes across the sea. The seaways were critical for the navigation of ships, particularly in the days when they moved mainly by wind power. Using these sea routes, people could travel great distances, and go to places they had not previously been able to reach.

People have gone on to open routes in the sky as well. Since the invention of the airplane, they have made it possible to travel long distances easily. Eventually, people became able to travel safely and comfortably high in the sky, and going vast distances only took a small amount of time.

Today, we have a new type of route, the Internet. By using this worldwide route, people can easily obtain information that once was available mainly from books and face-to-face communication. They can also instantly send messages to large numbers of people all at once.

As long as there have been people, there have been routes to connect them. Currently unknown routes will surely take us even further in the future.

1. Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word imperative in paragraph 1?

A．accidental	B．industrial
C．essential	D．traditional

2. Why is the example of Edo introduced in paragraph 3?

A．To describe the difficulty of creating routes on the water.

B．To emphasize the fact that it was an important city.

C．To explain the use of water routes to move along the coastlines.

D．To illustrate the important roles of water routes for cities.

3. What does paragraph 5 tell us about routes?

A．Routes can be thought of as existing invisibly in the world.

B．Routes that move information can be regarded as dangerous.

C．The fundamental functions of routes are declining.

D．The importance of different kinds of routes is the same.

4. What is the main idea of this article?

A．Humankind first created various types of convenient routes on land.

B．Improvements in transportation have come at great cost.

C．Technology has interfered with opening up routes around the world.

D．The advancement of humanity was aided by the development of routes.