阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
A survey has shown that what you do on a plane can be determined by which nationality is listed on your passport.
According to the results of an international passenger survey, Australians are the biggest drinkers on board with 36 percent choosing to down the hatch, compared to 35 percent of Americans and 33 percent of Brits.
The Airline Passenger Experience Association(APEX) spoke to around 1,500 people, aged 18 and older, who have travelled by plane at least once during the last three months and were living in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, China, Singapore, Australia and Brazil.
The results found Chinese travelers are most likely to nod off once the seat-belt sign switches off. They are also the first to take out their credit card for some in-flight shopping and the biggest fans of gaming. Americans on the other hand like to use their time in the air more productively — when not drinking — choosing to work while flying at 35,000 feet.
Meanwhile, Brits and Germans are the best at making chat with random strangers — spending 50 percent more time than any other nationality. Comparatively, Brazilians conduct their conversations online via email, messaging apps or social media.
Despite plane food having a bad reputation, seven out of ten interviewees said they were happy to eat up on the selection of in-flight snacks and meals. In-flight magazines were also popular with four out of five passengers.
The international flyers did however express their desire for better in-flight entertainment. “The industry has greatly improved the comfort, entertainment and onboard service, and passengers are accepting those improvements.” said Russell Lemieux, APEX executive director. “At the same time, passengers are demanding more from their air travel experiences which will drive more improvements touching all aspects of the journey.” he added.
1. What can you probably see in the flight according to the passage?
| A．Brazilians choose to drink. |
| B．Americans do in-flight shopping. |
| C．Germans chat to kill the time. |
| D．The Chinese switch off the seat-belt sign. |
| A．passengers from one nation have little in common |
| B．most passengers like to read in-flight magazines |
| C．more than half of the passengers don’t enjoy plane food |
| D．most people tend to use in-flight time to have a good sleep. |
| A．Flyers care little about entertainment. |
| B．Flyers are not satisfied with the improvements. |
| C．Flyers are expecting better flight experiences. |
| D．Flyers have more and more demands from airlines. |
| A．To entertain readers with interesting stories. |
| B．To encourage people to behave well in public. |
| C．To criticize impolite behaviors on the plane. |
| D．To inform readers of the results of a survey. |
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
Here are some of the world’s most impressive subways．
| The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines | Features: The Tokyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyo’s massive subway system carry almost 8 million people each day, making it the busiest system in the world. The system is famous for its oshiya--- literally, “pusher”--- who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close. And you think your commute is hell． |
| The Moscow Metro | Features: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world. The best of them were built during the Stalinist era and feature chandeliers, marble moldings and elaborate murals. With more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden. |
| The Hong Kong Metro | Features: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems in the world that actually turns a profit. It’s privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership. It also introduced “Octopus cards” that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically, but buy stuff at convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants and even parking meters. It’s estimated that 95 % of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card. |
| Shanghai Metro | Features: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system, and it has become the country’s largest in the 12 years since it opened. Shanghai Metro has 142 miles of track and plans to add another 180 miles within five years. By that point, it would be three times larger than Chicago “L”. The system carries about 2.18 million people a day. |
| The London Metro | Features: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even though 55 percent of it lies above ground．No matter when you’ve got the oldest mass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you like. Trains started in1863 and they’ve been running ever since. Some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to “Mind the gap”. |
1. Which one can provide the riders some wonderful decorations at the stations?
| A．The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines. |
| B．The Moscow Metro. |
| C．The London Metro. |
| D．The Hong Kong MTR. |
| A．carries the most people each day |
| B．is the world’s largest |
| C．may be larger than the Chicago “L” in the future |
| D．is the busiest in the world |
| A．2. | B．3. | C．4. | D．5. |
3 . Fear is a fact of life everyone faces from time to time. In most cases fear is a healthy reaction to a dangerous situation. But sometimes fear can be so extreme that it interferes with normal living. That is what happened to me driving cross-country last summer.
I’d agreed to help my brother, Mac, move from the East Coast to California. He would drive a rental truck loaded with his belongings and I would follow him in his car, then fly back. We figured it would be a simple trip, with four or five motel (motorists’ hotel) stops along the way.
Living and working in coastal Georgia for most of my life, I did not have a great deal of long-distance driving experience. Looking back on it today, I can see that I’d always felt a sudden, sharp pain of fear when driving over small bridges and along hilly highways. And as I was getting ready for the trip I had an unclear concern about the steep mountain roads that lay ahead. But I thought I would get used to them.
As we crossed some high bridges near the Blue Ridge Mountains on the first leg of our trip, a kind of breathlessness gripped me, a sinking, rolling feeling in the pit of my stomach. I tended to move slightly away from the edge of the roadway and the drop-off beyond. My knuckles (指关节) whitened from my tense grip on the steering wheel. At the end of each bridge, a great rush of relief would come over me, only to be replaced in short order by fear of the next obstacle.
When we stopped in Nashville the first night, I mentioned my feelings to Mac, who is the practical sort. “Oh, that’s nothing.” he said cheerfully. “Lots of people hate driving on mountain roads and high bridges. Just turn up the music on your radio and focus on that. Keep your mind occupied.”
1. Which is NOT the author’s attitude towards fear?| A．Fear can sometimes disturb your life. |
| B．It is natural to feel fear in everyday life. |
| C．In dangerous situations, fear may do good to your body. |
| D．Whenever you feel fear, you are likely to make a wrong decision. |
| A．They rented a truck and drove it in turn. |
| B．The author and his brother drove different vehicles. |
| C．The author drove while his brother flew to California. |
| D．The author drove a rented car while his brother drove the truck. |
| A．frightening | B．pleasant |
| C．exciting | D．exhausting |
| A．keep using his brains |
| B．kill time during the long trip |
| C．think of other things instead of fear |
| D．enjoy the beautiful music along the way |
4 . Have you ever wondered why people drive on a different side of the road? It might seem bizarre that U. K. Drivers stay on the left, but they’re not the only ones. Around 35 percent of the world population do the same, including people in Ireland, Japan, and some Caribbean islands.
Originally, almost everybody traveled on the left side of the road. However their way of transport was quite different from today: Think about four legs instead of four wheels. For Medieval swordsmen on horseback, it made sense to keep to the left to have their right arms closer to their enemies. Getting on or off was also easier from the left side of the horse, and safer done by the side of the road than in the center.
So why did people stop traveling on the left? Things changed in the late 1700s when large wagons (货车) pulled by several pairs of horses were used to transport farm products in France and the United States. The wagon driver sat behind the left horse, with his right arm free to use his whip to keep the horses moving. Since he was sitting on the left position, he wanted other wagons to pass on his left, so he kept to the right side of the road.
The British Government refused to give up their left-hand driving ways, and in 1773 introduced the General Highways Act, which encouraged driving on the left. This was later made law thanks to The Highway Act of 1835.
When Henry Ford showed his Model T in 1908, the driver’s seat was on the left, meaning that cars would have to drive on the right hand side of the road to allow front and back passengers to exit the car onto the roadside. However, British drivers remain on the left, and this is highly unlikely to change.
1. What does the underlined word “bizarre” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．Funny. | B．Strange. |
| C．Wrong. | D．Difficult |
| A．It was safer to keep on the left |
| B．It was easier to carry goods. |
| C．It was easier for them to fight. |
| D．It was necessary to control the horse. |
| A．Their sitting position. |
| B．The road conditions. |
| C．The number of horses. |
| D．The products in the wagons. |
| A．UK Drivers Still Go On The Left |
| B．Why People Like Sitting On The Left Side |
| C．The History Of Transportation Means |
| D．The Reasons For Different Driving Sides |
5 . The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways and roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving，and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer. “We are trying out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,” India’s transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.
The visual illusions (幻象) are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed breakers from highways, which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles.
India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,00 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This is considerably higher than its official figures of 141,526 for 2014.
The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D crossings.
In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say their motto is “to increase the attention of drivers”, and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.
However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers are visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that India’s decision does not consider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.
1. According to the passage, 3D paintings as virtual speed breakers in India aims to .| A．Replace all speed breakers from highways. |
| B．Encourage essential requirements of speed breakers. |
| C．Check speeding and careless driving on all highways. |
| D．Remind divers to speed down voluntarily for road safety. |
| A．Speeding motorists. | B．Floating 3D crossings. |
| C．Free use of visual illusions. | D．Bad application of traffic laws. |
| A．giving examples. | B．analysing causes. |
| C．providing figures. | D．making comparisons. |
| A．subjective. | B．objective. |
| C．supportive. | D．critical. |
6 . Where are you going today? What about the California Science Center? It is an amazing place because it can teach kids all about science and science is amazing.
The California Science Center is filled with different exhibits (展览品), which are presented in fun ways. It provides many handson experiences. Through these handson experiences, kids can learn about human inventions, the life processes of living things and so much more! The Science Center also has special exhibits that change all the time, so visit often to find out what's new!
The exhibitions there cover some amazing topics. Kids can learn about all the ecosystems (生态系统) that we have on our planet. They can also find out all about how everything on our planet exists (存在) in their own environment.
The Creative World lets kids explore the relationship between humans and communications, transportation and structures, and the World of Life lets kids examine how plants, animals, people and even the smallest living cells on our planet all have something in common.
From the earth to space, we couldn't let you explore the California Science Center and not tell you that a wonderful exploration is waiting. Kids can let their imagination fly as they explore a real spacecraft.
Don't forget about the IMAX either where you can watch an amazing IMAX film which brings everything to life.
An amazing family day out in Los Angeles—fun and educational! Don't miss it!
HOW MUCH DOES IT COST?
Adults: FREE!
Children: FREE!
WHEN CAN YOU GO?
10 am—5pm daily all year round
1. Why are kids advised to visit the Science Center often?| A．It has some living things. |
| B．Some of its exhibits are funny. |
| C．It offers handson experiences. |
| D．There are some changes in its exhibits. |
| A．All the ecosystems on our planet. |
| B．IMAX films can bring everything to life. |
| C．Things on our planet share something similar. |
| D．The relationship between humans and communications. |
| A．Space. | B．Adventure. |
| C．Imagination. | D．Transportation. |
7 . Considered one of Europe’s two “bicycle capitals” along with Amsterdam, Copenhagen(哥本哈根) counts more bicycles than people and cycling is so popular that its numerous bike paths can become crowded. Two-wheeler traffic jams are especially regular on the main Noerrebrogade road used by around 36,000 cyclists a day. “You have to elbow your way in to go forward and some cyclists aren’t always thoughtful,” complains 22-year-old university student Lea Bresell.
The creation of bike highways “comes right on time”, says Danish Cyclist Federation Spokesman Frits Bredal. “Copenhagen’s roads are overloaded with people who want to ride their bicycles in all kinds of weather,” he says. “If in the 1960s Danes viewed the car as the symbol of freedom, the bicycles have supposed that role today,” Bredal says. “It’s a mode of transportation used by all social classes, even politicians ride bikes,” he says.
It is on crowded Noerrebrogade—the busiest bicycle street in Europe, according to the cyclist association—that city planners have decided to build the first of Copenhagen’s environmentally friendly roads. The jammed bike paths will be widened up to four metres on either side of the road, which itself will be reserved for bikes only. The idea is to make Noerrebrogade “Europe’s great cycling street”, says Andreas Roehl, Copenhagen government’s bicycle program manager who is also known as “Mr. Bike”.
But Roehl is not content with making life easier for Copenhagen’s inner-city cyclists: He wants to get suburbanites(郊区居民) out of their cars and onto two wheels as well. His goal is to hike the percentage of suburban commuters cycling to and from the city from the 37 percent it is today to 50 percent by 2015.
1. Why does Copenhagen plan to build the first bike highway?| A．Because bike highways are environmentally friendly. |
| B．Because it’s a part of the city’s development program. |
| C．Because the inner-city commuters urge that it should be built. |
| D．Because too many bicycles cause the paths to be crowded. |
| A．Because the price of petrol has been going up all the time. |
| B．Because the bicycle is viewed as the symbol of freedom nowadays. |
| C．Because it’s hard for people to find parking space in crowded streets. |
| D．Because politicians ride bikes and commuters enjoy following them. |
| A．fashion | B．improvement |
| C．reform | D．law |
| A．The former jammed bike paths will be widened. |
| B．Noerrebrogade is to be made “Europe’s great cycling street”. |
| C．All commuters will be pushed to leave their cars at home. |
| D．More suburbanites will be got out of their cars and onto two wheels. |
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
Steam engines
Later, engineers
9 . You may ride on your bicycle in a rush to get to school every morning. You may fight to get a bit of space on a bus or in the subway. You may also watch taxis crawl their way through traffic jams.
No matter where you are, all big cities around the world have traffic jams these days. But although they all have their problems, many cities also have a type of transport that has become a cultural icon (文化标识)．
In London to avoid the traffic above ground, people use the “underground”，also called the “tube”. The city has the oldest and most complicated underground railway system in the world and is the pride of many Londoners. With 12 lines and 275 stations across the city, the tube, is normally the quickest and easiest way of getting around London. In London, you are never far from a tube station.
New York is famous for its yellow cabs. They serve as a quick and easy way of getting across Manhattan, where the subway doesn't take you everywhere. Stopping a cab is easy; just stick out your arm like you do in any city. But，with over 12,000 yellow cabs in the Big Apple, they also cause traffic jams.
Since 1873 when the first cable car started public service, the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of San Francisco. Although once damaged by a serious earthquake and challenged (挑战) by cars, it is never caught in traffic jams and provides better views than the subway.
But there are no such symbols in Los Angeles. If you visit you'd better rent a car. The city's public transportation is terrible. It can take hours to get across town by bus. The subway covers just a small part of the city center. The light rail line only runs between the Long Beach hotel area and the city center. That's why Angelenos love their private cars more than any other people in the world.
1. If you have a chance to London and want to avoid the traffic jams, you'd better ________.| A．ride vehicle | B．take a taxi |
| C．use underground | D．rent a car |
| A．the public transportation is terrible |
| B．it is not expensive to take a private car |
| C．the underground railway covers a small part of the city center |
| D．people have to spend hours getting across the Los Angeles by bus |
| A．how big cities in the foreign countries keep on moving |
| B．how people in the city avoid the traffic jams |
| C．why London has the oldest and complicated subway |
| D．why people call New York the Big Apple |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Nowadays more and more Chinese go to work with bicycle, leaving their cars at home. Why are so many people riding bicycles to work? They have different reason for it.
First, bicycles do not use up any fuel. Therefore, they cost less than other means of transport. Besides, bicycles do not need many space on the road, and it is easily to find a place for it. And everybody knows that riding a bicycle is healthy sport.
When people drive their cars to work or shop, they lost the chance to exercise, but the waste gas from the cars will pollute the air. And moreover, people feel annoying when looking for a parking lot in the busy city center. So I prefer riding a bicycle to drive a car.
We are looking forward to a cleaner and better environment by changing our life style.
