The Bay Airline offers a    1     craft-making videos in their p    2     flights, which arise massively and l    3     take the on-board passengers’ breath away. Despite a    4     scenery outside, the s    5     in the videos are bound to the h    6     of the flight journeys including the waxen drilling g    7     and grizzly bears like frozen animals at the p    8     of the Great Mountain Wind. It can be a    9     how much they will a    10     customers in the mall if those things are also shown there. C    11     to the videos with a    12    , those on board p    13     not to owe the passengers but only t    14    the spectacular craft men like p    15     no matter how long it t    16    , how hard it frosts for the d    17    on board. The p    18    , the border, the harbour, the q    19    , and the s    20     where the planes fly can all witness the sincerity of the Bay Airline.

6 . The Effects of Traffic Congestion in Cities

Many of the world’s big cities have problems with congestion. There is simply far too much traffic, so governments everywhere have to think about how to solve the problem.

Traffic jams have a number of negative effects. They cause stress to drivers, which may lead to health problems or road rage. They can also reduce productivity because products cannot be delivered on time and employees arrive late for work or meetings. Another important issue is that the emergency services can become caught in traffic.     1     Traffic congestion wastes fuel, which in turn produces more carbon dioxide through the car exhausts and contributes to the greenhouse effect.

    2     The most obvious solutions involve engineering. This means building more roads with wider lanes so that more cars can travel at the same time. However, the problems with these kind of solutions are the construction costs and that more roads may actually encourage more traffic.

Other more creative solutions to the congestion problem are to increase tax on fuel so that it is more expensive, or make people pay to travel on certain roads such as in the centre of a city or on a motorway. However, taxing fuel and roads may mean that some people cannot afford to drive their cars and may have to give up their jobs.     3    

A more popular solution, therefore, would be to encourage other forms of transport which will lead to fewer cars on the road.     4     Although this mode of transport has obvious health benefits and reduces air pollution, it is not very practical in every climate and can prove dangerous in heavy traffic.

Overall, although there are a number of good ways to tackle this problem, some of these also have negative effects. It would seem that encouraging alternative forms of transport is probably the best solution as this solves the congestion problems and reduces the amount of traffic at the same time, which will also have a positive effect on the environment.

8 . The bicycling craze came in when we were just about at the right age to enjoy it. At first even “safety” bicycles were too dangerous and improper for ladies to ride, and they had to have tricycles. My mother had (I believe) the first female tricycle in Cambridge; and I had a little one, and we used to go out for family rides all together; my father in front on a bicycle, and my poor brother Charles standing miserable on the bar behind my mother. I found it very hard work, pounding (轰隆隆行进) away on my hard tyres; a glorious, but not a pleasurable pastime.

Then, one day at lunch, my father said he had just seen a new kind of tyre, filled up with air, and he thought it might be a success. And soon after that everyone had bicycles, ladies and all; and bicycling became the smart thing, and the lords and ladies had their pictures in the papers, riding along in the park, in straw boater hats (硬草帽).

My mother must have fallen off her bicycle pretty often, for I remember seeing the most appalling cuts and bruises (青肿) on her legs. But she never complained, and always kept these mishaps (灾祸) to herself. However, the great Mrs Phillips, our cook, always knew all about them; as indeed she knew practically everything that ever happened.She used to draw us into the servants’ hall to tell us privately: “Her Ladyship had a nasty fall yesterday; she cut both her knees and sprained her wrist. But don’t let her know I told you.” So we never dared to say anything. Similar little accidents used to occur when, at the age of nearly seventy, she insisted on learning to drive a car. She never mastered the art of reversing (倒车), and was in every way an unconventional and terrifying driver. Mrs Phillips used to tell us: “Her Ladyship ran into the back of a milk-cart yesterday; but it wasn’t much hurt”; or “A policeman stopped her Ladyship because she was on the wrong side of the road; but she said she didn’t know what the white line on the road meant, so he explained and let her go on.” Mrs Phillips must have had an excellent Intelligence Service at her command, for the stories were always true enough.

We are all familiar with planes, trains and automobiles, but what about transportation of a more unusual nature?

Shanghai is     1     on a list of the destinations that tourists would like to visit in China. Do you want to feel the fast pace of the city as soon as you arrive in Shanghai? The maglev train is     2     recommended! With the technological help of a German corporation, Shanghai Maglev train has been open to the public since 2003. It is the world’s first and only commercialized maglev train line in     3    . It takes only eight minutes to run from Pudong International Airport to Longyang Road Subway Station. You will definitely be     4     by the amazing speed of the train and start an exciting journey in Shanghai.

Trams and trolleybuses, part of Beijing’s public transportation, have experienced several changes in urban development. The earliest tram service in Beijing dates back to 1899. In the late 1950s they were     5     by trackless trolleybuses that continued to ply(沿……定时运行)tram routes and draw     6     from overhead wires. The extension of the trolleybus service stopped in the 1980s, but electric trolleybuses    7     an important component(构成要素)of the public transit system in the city. In 2008, tram service returned to Beijing in the     8     of a sightseeing bus on Qianmen Avenue.

Bus rapid transit (BRT) aims to use buses to provide a subway-like service and speed for commuters. However, it’s more than ten times cheaper than subway systems to build and operate, because there is no need to lay railway tracks. The Guangzhou BRT system started to operate in 2010. It handles about one million passengers’ trips daily, carrying people to the     9     with a subway system of a bike-sharing network. As a matter of fact, the BRT system in Guangzhou is the first one in the world to establish a direct     10     to subway stations.

10 .

If you are coming to Bondi Beach, a suburb of Sydney, try to leave your car at home. Public transport in Sydney is pretty dismal but parking can be even more of a problem at the beach.

All buses from the city start from Circular Quay and the ride to Bondi Beach takes 45 minutes. The bus may be numbered 380 or 333 with the destination showing North Bondi, Dover Heights, Watsons Bay or Bondi Beach. Together this is called “the 380 bus” and all buses go to Bondi Beach.

Apart from the well-known 380, lots of other bus services wind their way through the back streets. Bus drivers, trying to be helpful, will not suggest any of these routes for fear your trip will take longer or you will become lost. But here are a few worth trying:

The 389 bus runs every 10 minutes all day (20 minutes on Sundays and 30 min after 8pm daily) and goes through the historic back streets of Paddington, following the route of an old trolley car service. You will pass a whole street of coffee shops in East Sydney, past the gates of the DarlinghurstGaol, through streets lined with terrace houses (联排公寓), then on to Bondi Junction. The 389 travels along GlenayrAenue at Bondi Beach which is a long block but a level walk to the beach.

The 400 Bus goes to the University of NSW, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Eastgardens and the Airport. This bus runs every five minutes on weekdays and every 10 minutes on weekends. Service are less frequent after 7pm and finish around 11pm. For shopperholics, the 400 takes you directly to the Eastgardens Shopping Centre. Every 20 minutes a 400 bus continues on to the Domestic and International airport terminals.

The 380 bus to Watsons Bay terminates at North Bondi, but some 380 buses continue on to Watsons Bay, which is a great excursion for tourists. At Watsons Bay there is famous lookout, great views of the harbour and the ocean, a hotel and several cafes, a 30-minute walk to South Head, other bus routes and even a ferry service back to Circular Quay.