China, once famous for four inventions in ancient times, has once again showed its ability     1     (change) the world with its “new four great inventions”: electronic payments, shared bicycles, high-speed railways and online shopping.

With electronic payments, people can buy and eat     2     they want simply with a tap of their phones. Electronic payments are so convenient that they are really popular with folks. Even pancake sellers are found     3    (use) Alipay. The bikes themselves are not new,     4    the operating model of bike-sharing is innovative. Chinese companies have surprised the world with the business model of bike-sharing which     5     (include) high technologies, and are entering overseas markets such as Singapore and Britain. The launch of high-speed trains has a       6    (big) influence on people’s choice of traveling than expected. The newly launched Fuxing Hao can travel at an    7     (amaze) speed of 300 km/h, making the 1,318km joumey in five and three-quarter hours. China also takes the lead in online shopping with various e-commerce platforms.     8     the 11.11 shopping day in 2018, sales hit 10 billion yuan in the first 2 minutes after midnight and     9    (reach) 213. 5 billion by the end of the day.

Thanks to the large amounts of capital (资金) China has invested in encouraging inmovation (创新), China has entered     10     new innovative time.

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible     1     (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and     2     work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,    3     (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over    4     top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines     5     (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been    6     (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using     7    every day.

Later, engineers     8     (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the     9     (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most     10     (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.