As an attractive city in the Netherlands，Amsterdam is one of the most bicycle-friendly    1    （city）in the world，having over 800，000 bikes in the capital. By comparison，the city has a population of only 750，000，less than     2    number of bikes. According to a survey    3    （make）5 years ago，490，000 people used bicycles every day.

Up to now，people in Amsterdam    4    （enjoy）the convenience of cycling for decades. The city has special facilities for cyclists，    5    can be used for free. Compared with other transportation in the city，bikes are    6    （clean）and less expensive while also    7    （offer）health benefits.

    8    reason for bicycle riding is that bicycle traffic is    9    （relative）safe. Amsterdammers ride a wide variety     10    bicycles. Many tourists also discover Amsterdam by bike，which is a typical Dutch way.

2 . In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It     1     （run） for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and     2    work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up（挖掘） the road, laying the track（铺设轨道） and then building a strong roof over the top. With all those     3    （accomplish）, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines    4    (use) to pull the carriages（车厢） and it must have been     5    (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25, 000 people were using it every day.

Cars are too expensive for many people around the world     1    (own). Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads.

So how  do people travel those distances     2     are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway     3     bus, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people      4    (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more      5    （importance）, less pollution.

Which of the types of public transportation     6    (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine     7     a bus twice the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors).

Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not      8    (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the     9    (ride) on the roof tap when they want to be dropped off.

Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in     10     neighborhoods.

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible     1     (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and     2     work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,    3     (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over    4     top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.

Steam engines     5     (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been    6     (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using     7    every day.

Later, engineers     8     (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the     9     (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most     10     (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.