1 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. abolished             B. determining             C. entry                 D. eventually            E. exported F. facilitating            G. ideally                      H. inherited            I. relocation             J. shifting K. substantial

European Transport Systems

It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by    1    teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. For passenger transport, the    2    factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The number of cars on European Union(EU)roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next years the EU will see a further    3    increase in its fleet.

As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production. In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been    4    , the EU has moved from a “stock” economy to a “flow“ economy.   This phenomenon has been emphasised by the    5    of some industries, particularly those which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.

The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for    6    to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic. In 1998, some of these countries already    7    more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries    8    a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s.

However, a new imperative—sustainable development—offers an opportunity for adapting the EU’s common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and    9    the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will    10    be in place in 30 years’ time.

2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. efforts        B. hit        C. limits        D. link          E. managed       F. means G. promoting       H. push        I. reducing       J. separated     K. spared

In many big cities around the world, gas-powered vehicles are one of the biggest sources of carbon emissions. Therefore, when the Canadian city of Vancouver set ambitious goals of     1    its carbon footprint, its planners knew that green transportation had to be a big part of the solution.

The city has     2    a near-miraculous transformation of transportation. Today, around 50 percent of journeys in Vancouver are made through sustainable     3    —cycling, walking or using public transit. The city once set a goal that by 2020, ten percent of all commutes would take place on bikes. It     4    that goal three years early.

The success story began back in the 1960s when Vancouver decided not to build highways. The city remains the only major North American city with no highways within the city     5    , says Brent Toderian, Vancouver’s former chief planner. Instead of building a bridge across English Bay, the city chose to create a ferry service.

Today, walking, cycling and public transit all     6    up so that Vancouver citizens can travel car-free quite easily. Cycling is the fastest-growing mode of transport in the city. Because almost a quarter of all bike lanes are     7    from traffic lanes, people can ride their bikes without having to share their roads with cars and trucks.

In addition to building cycling infrastructure(基础设施) and     8    public transit, Vancouver has also incorporated dozens of electric cars in its municipal fleet(车队). According to Sadhu Johnston, the city manager, it’s all about setting a good example. “If we can all drive an electric car, it’s much better for air quality in the city,” he explains.

Vancouver now boasts some of the lowest carbon emissions in the world. Its story shows that small     9     eventually make big differences. It reminds us of an old proverb: The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago. The second best time is now. Perhaps more cities should follow Vancouver’s example and begin a serious     10    to promote sustainable transport right away.

3 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. memorable B. maiden C. comparable D. delivery E. basis F. departed G. authorized H. economy I. entitled J. terrific K. quoted

The C919 passenger jet is welcomed with a conventional water salute at the Beijing Capital International Airport on Sunday.

China’s first self-developed narrow-body jet, the C919, successfully completed its     1     commercial flight on Sunday, ushering in a new era of aviation that utilizes domestically manufactured aircraft, industry experts said.

Some 130 passengers traveled on China Eastern Airlines flight MU 9191, which     2     Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 10:32 am. The plane landed at Beijing Capital International Airport at 12:31 pm, and was welcomed with a traditional water salute.

“Sitting in the China-made passenger aircraft C919, I felt extremely excited and proud,” Zhang Keli, a passenger from Beihang University in Beijing, said when she shared her     3     experience with People’s Daily.

“Both the take-off and landing were as smooth as wide-body aircraft, and the whole flying process is     4    . The cabin is quieter than traditional narrow-body jets,” Zhang said.

Wu Guanghui, head designer of the C919 and chief scientist at Commercial Aircraft Corp of China, said the commercial flight was the fulfillment of a dream. “COMAC will work on     5     of more jets to our clients to ensure more people can take our homegrow n aircraft,” he was     6     as saying by Beijing News.

The C919 flight on Sunday had a configuration of 164 seats, including eight in business class and 156 in     7     class.

Lin Zhijie, an aviation industry analyst, said the C919 is offering a new option in the global aircraft market. “The jet is     8     to the Airbus A320 and the Boeing B737 series and is expected to break the duopoly of Boeing and Airbus, which will help promote benign competition and the healthy development of the world’s civil aviation market,” Lin said.

The first C919 aircraft was delivered to China Eastern Airlines in Shanghai on Dec 9,2022, by its manufacturer. The C919 made its first experimental flight in 2017.

Before the jet’s debut commercial flight, China Eastern Airlines completed all test flights, passenger operations’ verifications and other preparatory work required before commencing commercial operations, the airline said.

The Civil Aviation Administration of China, which     9     and inspected all the results of the tests and verification procedures, confirmed that China Eastern was capable of operating C919 aircraft safely, and approved commercial operation of the jet.

The aircraft flew back to Shanghai from Beijing Capital International Airport on Sunday afternoon.

The first C919 aircraft will be put into commercial operation on a regular     10     between Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Chengdu Tianfu International Airport in Sichuan province. With the delivery of more C919 aircraft, the carrier plans to gradually expand its commercial services to more Chinese cities.

A second C919 jet is scheduled to be delivered in mid-June. China Eastern will receive a total of three C919 aircraft over the next two years, according to Xinhua News Agency.

   

4 . 选词填空

A. form       B. power       C. high       D. maintained     E. strongly     F. locations    G. operation   H. impressed   I. replaced   J. connection       K. remained

We are all familiar with planes, trains and automobiles, but what about transportation of a more unusual nature?

*Shanghai: Maglev Train

Shanghai is     1     on a list of the destinations that tourists would like to visit in China. Do you want to feel the fast pace of the city as soon as you arrive in Shanghai? The maglev train is     2     recommended! With the technological help of a German corporation, Shanghai Maglev train has been open to the public since 2003. It is the world’s first and only commercialized maglev train line in     3    . It takes only eight minutes to run from Pudong International Airport to Longyang Road Subway Station. You will definitely be     4     by the amazing speed of the train and start an exciting journey in Shanghai.

*Beijing: Tram and Trolleybus

Trams and trolleybuses, part of Beijing’s public transportation, have experienced several changes in urban development. The earliest tram service in Beijing dates back to 1899. In the late 1950s they were     5     by trackless trolleybuses that continued to ply(沿……定时运行)tram routes and draw     6     from overhead wires. The extension of the trolleybus service stopped in the 1980s, but electric trolleybuses    7     an important component(构成要素)of the public transit system in the city. In 2008, tram service returned to Beijing in the     8     of a sightseeing bus on Qianmen Avenue.

*Guangzhou: Bus Rapid Transit (快速公交系统)

Bus rapid transit (BRT) aims to use buses to provide a subway-like service and speed for commuters. However, it’s more than ten times cheaper than subway systems to build and operate, because there is no need to lay railway tracks. The Guangzhou BRT system started to operate in 2010. It handles about one million passengers’ trips daily, carrying people to the     9     with a subway system of a bike-sharing network. As a matter of fact, the BRT system in Guangzhou is the first one in the world to establish a direct     10     to subway stations.

5 . Lesson 3 Complete the paragraph using the words and phrases below.

flat	save energy	destination
enable	ride safely	reduce pollution
convenient	bicycle paths	a noticeable increase

There has been     1     in the number of “white bikes” in our city in the past few years. Every day, we see more people use them to ride to work or school. It is     2     to use “white bikes” as they save time. You don’t have to wait for public transport or sit in heavy traffic. In addition to this, the roads in our city are     3    , and most of the main roads have     4     on which bike riders can     5    . People in our city like to use “white bikes” as they feel they     6     and help the environment by    7    . On top of all this, “white bikes”     8     people to reach their     9     quickly and easily.

6 . Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the words and phrases below.

downtown	jam	suit	greenhouse gases
public transport	complain	anger	get stuck in traffic

Martin: Good morning, Mary. How do you always manage to the office before me?
Mary: Morning, Martin. Well, I cycle so I don’t     1    .
Martin: Well, I don’t cycle but I do take     2    . It’s not quite as fast as cycling but it gets me     3     much quicker than if I take my car.
Mary: Public transport is also a good way to help reduce the level of     4     in our atmosphere. If more people take the bus and train, it would be better for us all.
Martin: I know so many people who     5     about traffic     6     and air pollution, but     7     cannot solve the problems.
Mary. That kind of attitude is common but I think more and more people are beginning to do something which     8     them and protect the environment.

7 . Complete part of her presentation with the words below.

complain

cancer

jams

cycle

annoyed

damage

A lot of people feel that driving their own cars allows them to have more freedom and they often     1     about the inconvenience of public transport. Well, waiting time, crowds and sweating on public transport do leave people feeling     2    . However, in order to protect the environment, I think using public transport is worth the effort.

First of all, research shows that around 90% of total pollutants in some big cities come from cars. These pollutants are harmful to the environment and extremely dangerous to our health. They can     3     our lungs and cause illnesses such as     4    . Relying too much on cars also creates problems such as traffic     5    , road accidents and noise pollution. Of course, cars are convenient and necessary when travelling long distances, for short journeys within the city it is often faster to     6    . So let us take action now.

9 . Complete the announcements with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. Then read them aloud.

prohibit            expect            set to            make sure          fasten             make             stow        switch off

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome onboard Flight SP432 from Beijing to Hong Kong. We are currently third in line for take-off and     1    to be in the air in about ten minutes. At this time, your portable electronic devices must    2     “flight mode” or    3     until an announcement     4    upon arrival. Smoking     5     throughout the flight. Thank you for your cooperation. Enjoy your flight!

…

Ladies and gentlemen, as we start our descent, please    6     your seats and tray tables are in their full upright position. Make sure your seat belts are securely     7    and all carry-on luggage    8     underneath the seats in front of you or in the overhead bins. Thank you!

10 . 选择正确的短语填空。

cause global warming, pick up, sharing cars, get stuck in a traffic jam, are addicted to, make excuses, protect the environment, do a lot of harm

Many people often     1     when they go to work. How annoyed and stressful they often feel! But the problem is that the number of cars is still going up. Traffic pollution has been found to       2     and climate change to a large degree.

Too many cars     3     to the environment and our health. Some advice has been given for people to help     4     , for example, using public transport or     5     , doing your shopping in the shop just around the corner instead of driving to the other side of town. However, people       6     using cars. They     7     for using their cars, “I need to     8     my daughter. What can I do?”