1 . Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an intense need to resolve uncertainty according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt.
In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students willingness to expose themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one trial, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would deliver an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified, another half were told only that some were electrified. When left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and suffered more shocks than the students who knew that would occur.
Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other irritants, such as the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.
“The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food or shelter, “says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. “Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — it can lead to new scientific advances, for instance — but sometimes such inquiry can backfire. ”The insight that unhealthy curiosity can drive you to do self- destructive things is a profound one.
In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the outcome of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine whether it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long-term consequences is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.
1. What can we learn about the experiment by behavioral scientists in paragraph 2?A.The total of the subjects is 27. |
B.All the pens were not electrified. |
C.Equally many shocks happened to all the subjects. |
D.No subjects were exposed to the pens previously. |
A.Stimulants. | B.Solutions. | C.Criteria. | D.Purposes. |
A.Approving. | B.Dismissive. | C.Doubtful. | D.Objective. |
A.The cause of unhealthy curiosity. |
B.The negative impact of unhealthy curiosity. |
C.The underlying feature of unhealthy curiosity. |
D.The practical measure to resist unhealthy curiosity. |
Teenagers are often misunderstood. They are at a stage in their lives
One of the biggest misunderstandings about teenagers
In order to better understand and support teenagers, it is important to recognize their
In recent years, China has been working hard to improve living conditions in rural areas through a program called the New Rural Development Initiative.
One important aspect of the initiative is the improvement of rural infrastructure
Another key focus is the promotion of modern agricultural
machinery, farmers are able to increase their productivity and income
Furthermore, the initiative emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional culture and heritage in rural communities. Efforts
Through the initiative, China is working hard to create a more prosperous (繁荣的) and
4 . Want to know what is coming soon to a cinema near you? Probably not a 1.5-hour-long movie, as in the old days. On October 20th comes Killers of the Flower Moon. At nearly three and a half hours, its length is nearly double that of the average film last year. Even movie fans struggle to concentrate for that long and some viewers even nod off. Afterwards there is a mad dash for the toilets. When does watching a film become such a slog?
The Economist analyzed over 100,000 feature films released internationally since the 1930s, the start of Hollywood’s golden age, using data from IMDb, a movie database. The average length of productions rose by around 24%, from one hour and 21 minutes in the 1930s to one hour and 47 minutes in 2022. For the ten most-popular titles, the average length grew to around two and a half hours in 2022, nearly 50% higher than in the 1930s.
One driver of this trend is that studios want to squeeze the most out of their costly intellectual property (知识产权), but they are competing with streaming platforms for eyeballs. The hope is that a spectacular, drawn-out “event” movie will draw audiences away from the small screen and into cinemas. This approach has often paid off: Avengers: Endgame Marvel’s three-hour superhero masterpieces, was the highest-grossing (票房最高的) film in 2019. Last year long movies series made up most of the highest-grossing films in America.
Another explanation for longer films has to do with directors’ growing influence. Who would dare tell the likes of Mr. Nolan to cut out his masterpieces? Moreover, streaming platforms, which do not have to worry as much about the length because viewers can pause whenever they like, may attract big names by promising them sufficient fund and creative freedom. Netflix funded and released three-hour The Irishman in 2019, a film that would have benefited from a decisive editor, Irish or otherwise.
1. The underlined part “a slog” in paragraph 1 refers to a(n)___.A.pleasure | B.effort | C.conflict | D.feast |
A.The average length affects the popularity of films. |
B.Great advances have been made in film industry. |
C.Hollywood starts a golden age of feature films. |
D.The average duration of movies has stretched. |
A.Competition for the target audience. | B.Thirst for more classic productions. |
C.Influence of streaming platforms. | D.Preference for decisive editors. |
A.Movie Enthusiasts | B.Movie Marathons |
C.Movie Production | D.Movie Influence |
5 . Like many young Chinese, Zuo had been raised from a young age to be “a good student”. As long as she followed the rules and worked hard, money and success would naturally followed. Zuo had followed the instructions to the
For Zuo, the failure came as a crushing
But the ordeal (磨难) has left a profound impression on Zuo. The former teacher’s pet has transformed into a passionate
“Good students” like Zuo tend to be
It’s clear that a diverse range of young people can
A.letter | B.limitation | C.guidance | D.degree |
A.land | B.miss | C.occupy | D.play |
A.job | B.offer | C.application | D.response |
A.blow | B.surprise | C.expectation | D.experience |
A.impressed | B.overwhelmed | C.filled | D.buried |
A.supporter | B.example | C.critic | D.expert |
A.absolutely | B.seldom | C.less | D.particularly |
A.get rid of | B.suffer from | C.live up with | D.get over |
A.external | B.flexible | C.positive | D.special |
A.develop | B.adopt | C.withdraw | D.transform |
A.avoid | B.owe | C.fall | D.change |
A.recognition | B.concern | C.situation | D.fear |
A.openly | B.continuously | C.hopefully | D.anxiously |
A.rise | B.boost | C.advance | D.upgrade |
A.breakout | B.breakdown | C.breakup | D.breakthrough |
1. What happened to the woman at the beginning?
A.She lost her phone. |
B.She couldn’t find the way. |
C.She was trapped in heavy snow. |
A.The car was running out of gas. |
B.She stopped to answer a call. |
C.The engine couldn’t work properly. |
A.By drinking hot tea. |
B.By using the car heater. |
C.By having more clothes on. |
A.They called an ambulance. |
B.They led the woman to her home. |
C.They helped the woman go to the main road. |
7 . Why do we laugh at movies like Office Space or shows like The Office? What’s so funny about work?
Steve from California shared. “During a meeting, my boss praised our colleague, saying how handsome he is. The team felt awkwardly surprised, until my boss corrected, ‘No — it’s great how hands-on he is!’ Everyone laughed, easing the tense atmosphere from the meeting. ‘Well, he is handsome, too!’ I defended jokingly, and we al laughed again!”
Office may seem like a serious place. But, according to a study, introducing some laughter into work life can contribute to our well-being and productivity. In fact, finding humor is one of the practices we teach students in our online course. The funny stories they shared remind us that a little playfulness goes a long way toward a more enjoyable work life.
Laughter serves to create and strengthen social bonds in humans — as well as in our chimp (黑猩猩) ancestors. One evolutionary theory claims that laughter first appeared in these ancestors as a response to signal that they are safe at present and a relief to others after something unexpected occurs. This also has implications in modern times, and it may explain why colleagues who laugh more together tend to enjoy a more safe or comfortable environment and a greater sense of unity among teams.
Feeling comfortable in our work environment can enable us to think openly and take risks — a basis for finding creative solutions at work, contributing to our productivity. According to one study, managers who use humor at work are more likely to reach their unit’s target goals. What’s more, employees who say that their manager “makes us laugh at ourselves when we are too serious” or “uses humor to take the edge off during stressful periods” are more likely to trust their manager, and feel a sense of belonging at work.
Of course, humor isn’t always called for — particularly if it’s a distraction from our tasks or keeps us from seeing and addressing real problems at work. But in many situations, sharing jokes with colleagues and finding humor in the chaos can make work a little more fun.
1. What can we learn from Steve’s sharing in the second paragraph?A.The meeting was always filled with laughter. |
B.He helped relieve tension during the meeting. |
C.The team was greatly frightened at his words. |
D.The boss thought his colleague quite handsome. |
A.To create a comfortable atmosphere. |
B.To better their bonds with humans. |
C.To unite other members in the team. |
D.To inform partners of their present safety. |
A.The company is likely to make more profits. |
B.The company will attract more job applicants. |
C.The employees will feel more included at work. |
D.The employees are more likely to work overtime. |
A.How to Strengthen Our Sense of Humor |
B.How to Create a Fun Work Environment |
C.How Humor Can Improve Our Work Life |
D.How Important Being a Humorous Worker Is |
8 . In today’s motivational literature, failure is often viewed as something to be celebrated. Inspirational speakers are fond of quoting the words of the novelist Samuel Beckett — “Fail again. Fail better.” It seems that disappointments are an essential stepping stone to success, a turning point in our life story that will ultimately end in victory.
However, psychological researches find most of us struggle to handle failure constructively. In other words, we fail to “fail forward”. We find ways to devalue the task at which we failed, and become less motivated to persevere and reach our goals. This phenomenon is known as the “sour-grape effect”, which was discovered by Professor Hallgeir Sjastad.
Sjastad explains that “sour-grape effect” is a self-protective mechanism. “Most of us picture ourselves as competent people, so when external feedback suggests otherwise, it poses a serious threat to that self-image,” he says. “The casiest way out is to deny or explain away the external signal, so we can reduce the inconsistency and preserve a positive sense of self. We do this even without noticing.”
If you have one bad interview for your dream job, you might convince yourself that you don’t really want it at all, and stop applying for similar positions. The same goes if you fail to impress at a sports trial, or if a publisher rejects the first submission of your manuscript. “We tend to explain away our shortcomings and convince ourselves our ‘Plan C’ is actually our ‘Plan A’,” Sjastad says.
It doesn’t mean we should persevere in goals all the time. It can be healthy to change ambitions if the process is no longer making us happy. But the “sour-grape effect” may lead us to come to this decision prematurely, rather than hanging on a little and seeing whether we might learn and improve.
Failures are unavoidable. By learning to face the disappointment instead of devaluing its importance and pretending nothing happened, you may find it easier to achieve your goals.
1. Why does the author mention the speech of inspirational speakers in paragraph 1?A.To offer an example to handle failure. |
B.To share a positive attitude towards failure. |
C.To describe a common understanding of failure. |
D.To emphasize the importance of experiencing failure. |
A.It protects us from false feedback. | B.It pictures us as competitive people. |
C.It poses a severe threat to self-image. | D.It denies negative feedback to ourselves. |
A.Short-sighted. | B.Wait-and-see. | C.Objective. | D.Skeptical. |
A.Don’t escape when our self-image is broken. |
B.Don’t quit when goals no longer make you happy. |
C.Never hesitate to replace “Plan A” with “Plan C”. |
D.Never forget to maintain a positive sense of self. |
A recent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems. Some are
So, if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep, it might be time
10 . In recent years, traditional Chinese culture and art has gained a foothold on short video platforms and attracted a large number of young followers thanks to the explosive growth of the short video industry. Relaxing, emotional and fragmented, these video contents perfectly match the demands of the users. With the application of new technologies such as social communication and immersive experiencing, short video platforms are seeing more users, becoming a shining spot of new Internet media.
Recently, Huangmei Opera Female Consort Prince became a hit on short video platforms as a lot of young users covered the aria (咏叹调) in their own way and showed great artistic talents. The interactive platforms are expanding the charm of the traditional opera among young people.
Peking Opera was also well-received on short video platforms thanks to a series of AR effects. Users love to film clips with a set of virtual facial makeup, headwear and costumes. Statistics indicate that these effects were applied by more than 18 million users, most of whom were young people.
In addition to Chinese operas, intangible cultural heritage items, such as embroidery, paper-cutting, printing and dyeing, shadow play works, oiled paper umbrella making, and bamboo weaving are also actively promoted on short video platforms. In a word, short video platforms are becoming an important channel to display China’s intangible cultural heritage.
Short video platforms, offering a fun, popular and easy way to explore the traditional art forms, are receiving a lot of positive feedbacks from China’s young generations. The seconds, or minutes long videos have produced remarkable achievements in promoting traditional Chinese culture.
1. What mainly made the inheritance of traditional drama difficult?A.The slow growth of industry. | B.The insufficient coverage of drama. |
C.The poorly-met demands of the users. | D.The severe shortage of the drama actors. |
A.The social communication. | B.The set of virtual facial makeup. |
C.The positive feedbacks from users. | D.The application of new technologies. |
A.To expand the charm of Chinese culture. |
B.To offer new channels to display China’s arts. |
C.To show the current situation of cultural heritage. |
D.To prove traditional art forms are actively promoted. |
A.The Bright Future of Huangmei Opera |
B.The Explosive Growth of the Short Video Industry |
C.The Simple Way to Explore the Traditional Art Form |
D.The Creative Combination of Culture and Technologies |