1. What impact has the coronavirus had on public transport?
| A．It has been shut. |
| B．It is being used less. |
| C．It is struggling with the number of passengers. |
| A．25%. | B．39%. | C．300%. |
| A．We should keep positive changes. |
| B．The world can adapt to any change. |
| C．It’s better to look to the past for answers. |
2 . Gather together a couple of good friends and take a leisurely stroll through the streets — this is what many youngsters in China enjoy doing when they visit a new city.
To them, Citywalk means “roaming around the city” on foot. Participants can follow a distinctive urban route, soaking up the atmosphere, exploring old buildings, browsing boutique shops, sipping a cup of coffee, or indulging in authentic local snacks.
Citywalk can be a special guided trip for a small group of people, or simply a leisurely stroll for one or two to explore new areas, sticking to the key point: avoiding famous scenic spots and big crowds to gain a more inclusive experience of the places you visit. Besides interacting with a city, Citywalk provides young people with a new social scene, where they who share the same interests and ideas can easily make friends.
In China, the Citywalk trend is spreading from first-tier cities like Beijing and Shanghai to second and third-tier cities, encouraging more participants and event organizers to get involved. Some organizers invite folk culture researchers and enthusiasts to act as tour guides. Xiao Yiyi, a young entrepreneur in Changsha, recently launched six Citywalk routes in different cities on her social media account, with the aim of providing experiences for visitors to “walk in open-air museums”. Her Changsha route features more offbeat sights like historical architecture from the 19th century, artsy old alleys, and even a stop-off to sample the local spicy crayfish specialty.
Even though Citywalk is a relatively new phenomenon, it is offering a positive change to urban travelers as they can better choose the experiences based on their interests and needs. At the same time, Citywalk represents an opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to offer a more tailored, professional service to meet with ever-changing market demands.
1. Why do young people choose Citywalk?| A．To enjoy a guided tour. |
| B．To cut down expenses. |
| C．To dig deeper into a city. |
| D．To make new friends. |
| A．Doing sightseeing on foot. | B．Avoiding hot scenic spots. |
| C．Taking a local tour guide. | D．Keeping a fixed urban route. |
| A．A tour guide | B．A culture researcher. |
| C．A Citywalk enthusiast. | D．An event organizer. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Dismissive. | C．Doubtful. | D．Unclear. |
3 . Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you’ve worked hard all day? Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout? You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia (生产力畸形). It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.
Highly competitive and job-led culture contribute to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life. In fact, you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being. Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance? Similarly, companies prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks. Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Plus, the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time. Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive, as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals. The worst part? There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
1. What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in Paragraph 1?| A．Tired. | B．Excited. | C．Satisfied. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．Minor competitiveness. | B．Pressure from jobs. |
| C．Instructions from the boss. | D．Internalized needs. |
| A．A man completes work in working hours. | B．A man enjoys leisure time with his family. |
| C．A woman works everywhere at anytime. | D．A woman stops for a relaxation regularly. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Negative. | C．Unconcerned. | D．Neutral. |
4 . Meat is crucial for feeding the planet, leading scientists have said, as they warned it is not more environmentally-friendly to go vegan (素食).
Prof. Geoff Simm, Director of Global Academy Agriculture and Food Security at the University of Edinburgh, said, “I think livestock (家畜) farmers do feel they are being demonized (妖魔化).” Often the argument is made that going vegan would minimize land use, but the modelling studies that have been done demonstrate that’s not the case. We feel that while livestock production has a range of economic, social and environmental costs and benefits, the costs have perhaps been receiving far more attention recently than some of the benefits. Meat has massive social benefits. It’s an important source of dietary protein, energy, highly bioavailable micronutrients (微量营养素), even small amounts of animal-sourced food have a really important effect on the development of children, in the developing world on their cognitive and physical development and they are really important.
Prof. Mike Coffey, from Scotland’s Rural College, added, “It’s completely unnecessary to go vegan. If everybody went vegan it would be devastating for the UK environment. Animals bred for food help boost biodiversity.”
Researchers are currently attempting to breed more environmentally friendly cattle, which grow faster and eat less, which could further reduce the sector’s carbon footprint by reducing the amount of methane (甲烷) released by cows.
Prof. Coffey said that the difference in methane emissions from best and worst cattle was about 30 percent and that if all UK farmers used the most efficient animals this could reduce carbon emissions by nearly a third. But Prof. Coffey said the next stage will be trying to measure the methane given off by different breeds of cattle to find which are the lowest emitters. Prof. Coffey said that soon shoppers could be able to check meat labels to find out how much environmental impact their food has had. He added, “My expectation is that at some point in the near future there will be product labels that relates to the efficiency or carbon impact of the food.”
Professor Andrea Wilson, also of Edinburgh University, said more research was needed into the impact of veganism (绝对素食主义). She added, “We know a lot about the livestock sector because people have looked at it. We actually know very little about the vegan sector. The danger is we demonize one and jump too quickly to the other.”
1. Why are livestock farmers being demonized?| A．Because livestock production has huge costs. |
| B．Because livestock meat contains harmful protein. |
| C．Because livestock need more land and emit polluting gases. |
| D．Because livestock meat negatively affect children’s development. |
| A．To state a fact. | B．To make a prediction. |
| C．To present a solution. | D．To explain a phenomenon. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Intolerant. | C．Indifferent. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Going vegan is not greener. | B．Consuming meat is harmful. |
| C．Raising cows is environmentally friendly. | D．Criticizing livestock farmers is not wise. |
1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
| A．On the line. | B．In a car. | C．In an emergency room. |
| A．A car accident. | B．An explosion. | C．A big fire. |
| A．Give first aid to the person seriously injured. |
| B．Stay on the line until the medical staff arrives. |
| C．Fetch fire extinguishers to put out the fire. |
6 . It used to be a matter of fact when Peter Pan — a character from James Matthew Barrie’s 1911 book — said, “All children, except one, grow up.”
But this “fact” doesn’t seem to apply to today’s world any more.
According to the NPD Group, a US market research company, sales of toys to adults in the UK increased by more than 20 percent in 2016, three times the pace of the children’s toy market itself. These toys ranged from puzzles and Lego building sets to vehicle models and action figures. And more than half of the sales came from millennials — people born between the 1980s and 2000s.
“Adults of the 21st century are channeling their inner child, one toy at a time,” commented website Koreaboo. This is also why these adults are sometimes referred to as “kidults”.
According to Frederique Tutt, an analyst at NPD, the motivation of these grownups is to escape the stress of today’s fastpaced world. They are driven toward the more immediate pleasures brought by toys than those brought by, say, getting a promotion, which is far less easy to achieve.
“It reminds me of the playful side of life,” Rob Willner, a 25yearold PhD student in the UK, told The Telegraph when talking about his love for Lego, which he said brings him both comfort and entertainment. Despite this, some social scientists see the trend as disturbing. To Frank Furendi, a professor at the University of Kent in the UK, the fact that so many adults are pursuing “the thrills of youth” is the evidence that “adulthood has got nothing attractive about it anymore”, he told The New York Times. “That’s actually quite sad. ”
But scientists are probably just worried too much. According to Canadian comic book artist Todd McFarlane, collecting toys could simply be a way for people to express their individuality. “It’s just pop culture stuff. It’s stuff that says, ‘I like a little of this and I like a little of that, ’” he told ABC News. “It’s no big deal.”
So now that over 100 years have passed since Peter Pan, perhaps it’s time to introduce a new “fact”, as stated in the tagline (标语) of the UK fashion brand KIDULT: “Growing old is mandatory (被迫的), but growing up is optional.”
1. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply?| A．Something old is not suitable for a new world. |
| B．Many adults still have some childlike features. |
| C．All children grow up as they become adults. |
| D．It’s difficult for some children to grow up in today’s world. |
| A．Frederique Tutt believes that some adults enjoy playing with children’s toys to escape the stress. |
| B．Rob Willner believes that the pleasure brought by toys is easier to achieve. |
| C．Frank Furendi believes that the thrill of youth does not attract adults. |
| D．Todd McFarlane is worried too much about collecting toys. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Critical. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．Growing up with Peter Pan | B．Toys Sales on the Rise |
| C．The Rise of a Trend: Kidults | D．Kidults in Fashion Again |
7 . Some Questions About Coronavirus
How long does coronavirus last?
Every case of coronavirus is different, but experts have a general idea of how long the typical course of the illness lasts. Most people can expect to recover within two weeks after the onset of symptoms, but more severe cases could last up to six weeks — and for some, dubbed “Covid long haulers,” symptoms can linger for months.
What are the symptoms of the coronavirus?
Symptoms of the coronavirus can seem a lot like the flu. Initially, a fever, cough, and shortness of breath emerged as the three most common symptoms of COVID-19. Now, other signs such as muscle pain, fatigue, and loss of taste and smell are on the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) symptoms checklist.
How long does coronavirus live on surfaces?
Though the conronavirus is typically transmitted through the air via respiratory droplets (from an infected person sneezing or coughing) rather than by touching objects and materials, the virus can still remain viable on variety of surfaces, according to the CDC, though it’s not exactly clear for how long.
How is coronavirus spread?
According to the CDC, COVID-19 is spread mainly from person to person, usually through close contact (within six feet). Being near an infected person who coughs, sneezes, or talks can expose you to their respiratory droplet carrying the virus — and they can spread the virus even if they don’t have any symptoms yet. If those virus-containing particles are inhaled (吸入) or land in your eyes, nose or mouth, you could become infected.
1. How long does coronavirus stay on surfaces?| A．Two weeks. | B．Six weeks. | C．Months. | D．Unclear. |
| A．contacting close (within six feet) |
| B．being near an infected person |
| C．talking with a healthy person |
| D．inhaling some virus-containing particles |
| A．Entertainment. | B．Health. | C．Education | D．Travel. |
8 . During my first year as a second-grade teacher, I struggled with classroom management. A well-meaning colleague offered, “Trevor, you need to
After five years of teaching, I agree that it is important to find your teacher voice. I
I found my voice. It is
One day, as a class, we read a story. I read a page and the students repeated the
“Whoa,” I said, “we never
“The way we
One weekend, I
It was Maria,
I’m so glad I found my
| A．express | B．hear | C．find | D．raise |
| A．smile | B．look | C．point | D．yell |
| A．disagree | B．urge | C．conclude | D．prove |
| A．specific | B．changeable | C．abnormal | D．mean |
| A．amusing | B．encouraging | C．shocking | D．amazing |
| A．management | B．exchange | C．growth | D．observation |
| A．make | B．fix | C．avoid | D．forget |
| A．words | B．instructions | C．answers | D．questions |
| A．instantly | B．impatiently | C．constantly | D．incorrectly |
| A．give up | B．laugh at | C．rely on | D．bring up |
| A．much | B．little | C．anything | D．something |
| A．even | B．already | C．still | D．otherwise |
| A．show | B．read | C．talk | D．listen |
| A．compare | B．practice | C．acquire | D．improve |
| A．stopped by | B．rang up | C．connected to | D．passed through |
| A．guide | B．friend | C．teacher | D．mother |
| A．when | B．where | C．whether | D．what |
| A．curious | B．grateful | C．energetic | D．confident |
| A．followed | B．carried | C．led | D．assisted |
| A．teacher voice | B．inner voice | C．colleague’s advice | D．great reader |
9 . Legos have been a kind of popular toys for children for more than 60 years. When children get older, boxes of plastic Lego bricks often end up unused and stored in out-of-the-way places around the homes. Parents sometimes end up throwing the Legos away.
Now, the Lego Group toy company is testing a program to make sure the unwanted bricks do not go to waste. The program is called Lego Replay. It aims to make sure the unwanted building blocks continue to make children happy.
Tim Brooks is the Lego company’s vice president of environmental sustainability. He said, "Nearly all Lego bricks we see that are out there have lots more play value in them — multi-generation of play value. It’s a waste of energy and resources to grind them up (碾碎）and make new bricks. ”
Brooks said the idea came from parents who do not know what to do with the old bricks. Placing old Legos in waste containers is not a good answer. Birds and other wildlife may try to eat what looks like Colorful food — with deadly results.
With the Lego Replay program, parents load unwanted Legos of all shapes and colors into boxes. Then, they go to the program website and print out a mailing label. The boxes are sent to processing centers, where the bricks are sorted, cleaned and shipped to aid groups and donation centers.
The Lego Replay test program is set to last through March. If it is successful, the program may be expanded to include other Lego products.
The Lego Group is also looking at other materials to use in their toys. While plastic has proved to be the strongest material, Lego has begun making some bricks out of sugar cane(甘蔗).
1. What’s the main purpose of Lego Replay?| A．To entertain those children without toys. |
| B．To make unwanted Lego bricks reused. |
| C．To prevent parents to throw the Legos away. |
| D．To avoid using unwanted bricks by storing them. |
| A．At processing centers. |
| B．At donation centers. |
| C．On the program website. |
| D．In the owners’ homes. |
| A．Lego bricks waste too many resources. |
| B．Unwanted Lego bricks still have value. |
| C．We should store old Legos in waste containers. |
| D．Lego bricks are favorite food of some birds. |
| A．More other Lego products. |
| B．Proper use of plastics. |
| C．Similar products to sugar cane. |
| D．New materials of producing bricks. |
10 . Ageing and robots are more closely related than you might think. Young countries with many children have few robots. Ageing nations have lots. The countries with the largest number of robots per industrial worker include South Korea, Singapore, Germany and Japan. which have some of the oldest work forces in the world.
The connection does not merely reflect the fact that young countries tend to be poor and cannot afford fancy machines, which they do not need anyway. It holds good within rich countries, too. Those with relatively few robots compared with the size of their workforce include Britain and France, both of which (by rich-country standards )are ageing slowly.
Two recent studies quantify the connection. Daron Acemoglu of MIT and Pascual Restrepo of Boston University show that, between 1993 and 2014, the countries that invested the most in robotics were those that were ageing the fastest measured as a rise in the rate of people over 56 compared with those aged 26-55. The authors posit a rule of thumb a ten-point rise in their ageing rate is associated with 0.9 extra robots per thousand workers.
A study from Germany used different measures but reached the same conclusion. They found that the growth in the number of robots per thousand workers rises twice as fast as the fall in the growth rate of the population (e.g. if) population growth falls by 1%, the growth in robot density rises by 2%). Population growth is closely related to age structure.
These findings should not be surprising. Robots typically substitute for labour. That is why many people fear that they will destroy jobs. Countries with plenty of young workers do not need labour substitutes. Wages there also tend to be low
making automation unprofitable. But ageing creates demand for automation in two ways. First, to prevent output falling as more people retire, machines are necessary to substitute for those who have left the workforce or to enable ageing workers to continue to do physical labour. Second, once people have retired they create markets for new kinds of automation, including robots that help with the medical and other requirements of caring for people who can no longer look after themselves
A．Ageing is closely related to robots |
| B．Ageing countries have few robots. |
| C．Robots are needed in young countries. |
| D．Young and rich countries want more robots. |
| A．Want. | B．Remove. |
| C．Assume. | D．Obey. |
| A．1%. | B．2%. |
| C．3%. | D．6%. |
| A．Because retired people have lower wages. |
| B．Because robots are substitutes for retired worker. |
| C．Because robots are unprofitable in young countries. |
| D．Because the retired need the same robots they used before. |
