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1 . Did you know that the average child has heard the word "no" over 20,000 times before they turn the age of three? Ironically, it is also around this time that children begin to develop enough personal character to refuse to obey. The "terrible twos" are categorized by a lack of understanding. Somewhere between three and four, children begin to acquire the skills to reason. It is during this time they watch how other children and adults reason. If we're not careful, the children will watch us model a world of "NOs"。

By the time a person turns eighteen, how many times have they been told no? I haven't found any studies that even attempted to track this statistic, but I'm sure if the number is 20,000 by three, then at eighteen that number has multiplied. You can do the math.

Anyway, I think I know why we say no. We say no to protect. We say no to direct. We say no to stop potential confusion. However, do we sometimes say no just for the sake of saying no? Do we say no because we have internalized(内在化)all of the "NOs" we've heard over the years and we feel it is finally our time to say no to someone else?

The internalized no can damage the growth process of dreams in infancy as quickly as it can weaken a three-year-old. And we wonder why we run into people with big, un-accomplished dreams who have a bit of a chip on their shoulder. They have to take on the 20,000 NOs. However, the thing that keeps them going is the possibility of the power of ONE YES! Just as it only takes one book to make a writer a Pulitzer Prize Winner, it only takes one word to change the course of your day. That word is YES!

1. What do we know about two- year- olds?
A.They understand well.B.They often say no to others.
C.They think logically.D.They don't do all they're told.
2. What effect does saying no have on children?
A.They lose all their dreams.B.They aren't easy to succeed.
C.They don't make mistakes.D.They never say yes to others.
3. Which word best describes the author's attitude to a world of "NOs"?
A.Tolerant.B.Disapproving.C.Favorable.D.Carefree.
4. What is the text?
A.A how-to guide.B.A survey report.C.An opinion essay.D.A short story.
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