3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. network        B. specify        C. traditionally        D. ingredient       AB. uneasy AC. additional       AD. culturally       BC. block            BD. determine CD. requirement       ABC. critical

A multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.

A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an)     1     difference.

No one likes foreigners who are arrogant (自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is, most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively     2     any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.

Multiculturalism is a(an)     3     that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers. Do you have the right employee to build up the     4    ?

For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales position, I start by asking them to     5     the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the     6     requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic abilities they see as crucial are not enough.

Of course, it’s far more difficult to     7     candidates’ multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills -- but it’s also a far more important     8     to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City -- the most     9     diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was     10     about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him -- just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.

6 . The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal arts in higher education isn't an either/or proposition(命题) , although the current _________ preparing young Americans for STEM(science, technology, engineering, math)-related fields can make it seem that way.

The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of _________ training, but also maintains that the study of the humanities and social sciences must remain central components of America's _________ system at all levels. Both are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and _________ the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.

Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education _________ about graduates' job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s _________ to look for what may appear to be the most “practical”way out. Major in a subject designed to get you a/an _________ seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success _________. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a _________ education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.

__________, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be __________. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight -- __________ from science, arts, and technology -- to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.

In May 1780, John Adams wrote to his wife Abigail expressing his hopes for the progress of the American experiment. “I must study Politics and War so that my sons may have __________ to study Mathematics and Philosophy. My Sons ought to study Mathematics and Philosophy, Geography, Architecture, Commerce and Agriculture, in order to give their Children a right to study Painting, Poetry and Music.” What Adams was really expressing was that a country must have a sufficient level of __________, stability and security before large numbers of its citizens can engage in pursuits __________ than the basic struggle for survival. Despite our economic difficulties, the U.S. is a wealthy nation. We have the capacity to create and maintain an educational system that trains students in science, math, history, art and other disciplines, at the very highest level.

1.

A．drain on

B．objection to

C．advantage over

D．emphasis on

2.

A．extensive

B．intensive

C．literate

D．technical

3.

A．education

B．workforce

C．economic

D．political

4.

A．compete with

B．benefit from

C．equal to

D．delight in

5.

A．think

B．talk

C．worry

D．inquire

6.

A．natural

B．ridiculous

C．amazing

D．disturbing

7.

A．skill

B．job

C．title

D．advantage

8.

A．in the long run

B．in the right position

C．in practical terms

D．in great need

9.

A．hard-won

B．broadly-based

C．science-oriented

D．well-chosen

10.

A．Rather

B．Still

C．Therefore

D．Moreover

11.

A．active

B．precise

C．flexible

D．critical

12.

A．picked up

B．referred to

C．put up

D．passed on

13.

A．liberty

B．qualification

C．vision

D．vigor

14.

A．knowledge

B．insight

C．wealth

D．commitment

15.

A．more logical

B．less instrumental

C．broader

D．easier

7 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
WeChat is an essential part of our daily life. We can chat with friends, share our photos on moments and kill time by reading WeChat public accounts. And now, we can even gain new knowledge in WeChat study groups, covering everything from photograph to English. Do you like
this way of learning?
你认为微信学习群是真提升还是无用功？你的理由是什么？
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . We hear between 10 and 200 lies every day, from “Sorry, my phone was dead” to “I’m fine.” And just by listening to simple linguistic _______, we could easily discover them, claim scientists and linguistics experts.

Studies have shown that stories based on _______ experiences are different from those based on real experiences, suggesting that coming up with a lie takes work and thus _______ a different pattern of language use.

In a TED Talk, Noah Zanden, a science communicator and chief executive of Quantified Communications based in Austin, Texas, explained how “linguistic text analysis”—which is based on the difference between how we _______the truth and lies--- can help people spot untruths.

There are four common patterns in the subconscious language of lying. Zanden explained that liars typically _______themselves less and talk more about others in a lie than usual. They sometimes use the third person to _________ themselves from their lie, because they subconsciously feel guilty. For the same reason, liars tend to be more _______. “For example, a liar might say, ‘Sorry, my stupid phone battery died. I hate that thing,’”Zanden said. People can also spot a lie when someone explains events using very _______ words. Our brains struggle to build a complex false story, which means that explanations about events that didn’t happen seem _______ straightforward. ________, although liars may keep their story simple, they tend to use longer and more complicated sentences, __________unrelated but factual sounding details to make their story sound more believable, he said.

Experts say that the patterns can be seen in famous ________. For example, when seven-time winner of the Tour de France, Lance Armstrong, ________using performance-enhancing drugs in 2005, he described an unreal situation ________ someone else to disassociate himself from his lie. In contrast, when he admitted to using them in 2013, his use of first-person pronouns increased by nearly three quarters, ________that he was telling the truth. He talked about his focus on personal emotions and motivations.

1.

A．forms

B．clues

C．methods

D．lies

2.

A．personal

B．daily

C．imagined

D．practical

3.

A．leads to

B．concentrates on

C．slows down

D．squeezes out

4.

A．cover

B．balance

C．attempt

D．structure

5.

A．mention

B．impress

C．confuse

D．praise

6.

A．keep

B．hide

C．steal

D．distance

7.

A．subtle

B．understanding

C．negative

D．hostile

8.

A．magical

B．simple

C．complex

D．honest

9.

A．unrealistically

B．irregularly

C．originally

D．imperfectly

10.

A．For instance

B．Therefore

C．Moreover

D．However

11.

A．applying for

B．letting down

C．adding in

D．bursting in

12.

A．sports

B．crimes

C．reports

D．lies

13.

A．avoided

B．denied

C．tolerated

D．released

14.

A．explained to

B．created by

C．focused on

D．remedied by

15.

A．signaling

B．considering

C．ensuring

D．overlooking

9 . More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called “preparation for future learning.” The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (although the college students had better spelling skills). From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction, major scientific ideas.

The researchers decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans. On this task, they found large differences. College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles and their habitats. Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles (“How big are they?” and “What do they eat?”). The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone (最重 要部分)of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.

Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondary schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry. We found that when we taught participants to ask “What if?” and “How can?” questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration，they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit-asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results. Specifically, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try，they tended to include both cause and effect in their question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.

This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional settings. Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere, Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment, say, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have an informal learning system that gives no grades, takes all comers，and is available even on holidays and weekends.

1. What is traditional educators interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph?

A．Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems.

B．College students are no better than fifth grader in memorizing facts.

C．Education has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.

D．Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.

2. College students are different from children in that_____ ?

A．they have learned to think critically.

B．they are concerned about social issues.

C．they are curious about specific features.

D．they have learned to work independently.

3. What is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?

A．It arouses students’ interest in things around them.

B．It cultivates students’ ability to make scientific inquiries.

C．It trains students’ ability to design scientific experiments.

D．It helps students realize not every question has an answer.

4. At the end of the passage the author seems to encourage educators to ____.

A．train students to think about global issues

B．design more interactive classroom activities

C．make full use of informal learning resources

D．include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum

10 . President Obama’s second Inaugural Address used soaring language to stress America’s commitment to the dream of equality of opportunity: ‘We are true to our belief that a little girl born into _______ knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American’.

The gap between ideal and reality could hardly be _______ . Today, the United States has less equality of opportunity than almost any other advanced industrial country. Study after study has _______ the myth that America is a land of opportunity. A way of looking at equality of opportunity is to as to what extent the life chances of a child are _______ the education and income of his parents. Is it just as likely that a child of poor or poorly educated parents gets a good education and rises to the middle class as someone born to middle-class parents with college degrees? Even in a more democratic society. the answer would be no.

How do we explain this? Some of it has to do with discrimination （歧视）. Latinos and African-Americans still get paid less than whites, and women still get paid less than men, _______ they recently surpassed （超越）men in the number of advanced degrees they obtain. Discrimination, however, is only a small part of the _______. Probably the most important reason for _______ of equality of opportunity is education. After World WarⅡ, we made a major effort to _______ higher education to Americans across the country. But then we changed, in several ways. While racial segregation（种族隔离）decreased, economic segregation increased. After 1980, the poor grew poorer, the middle stagnated（停滞不前）, and the top did better and better. A result was a widening gap in educational performance – the _______ gap between rich and poor kids born in 2001 was 30 to 40 percent larger than it was for those born 25 years earlier, a Stanford sociologist found. Of course, there are other forces ______ . Children in rich families get more exposure to reading. Their families can afford enriching experiences like music lessons and summer camp. They get better nutrition and health care, which enhance their learning, directly and indirectly.

Now Americans are coming to realize that without extensive policy changes, their long cherished belief is only a myth. It is unreasonable that a rich country like the United States has made _______ to higher education so difficult for those at the bottom and middle. There are many _______ ways of providing chances for more to receive higher education, from Australia’s income-contingent loan program to the near-free system of universities in Europe. A more educated population produces greater innovation, and a booming economy. Those benefits are why we’ve long been ______ to free public education through 12^th grade. But while a 12^th-grade education might have been enough a century ago, it isn’t today. Yet we haven’t _______ our system to contemporary realities.

The steps I’ve outlined are not just affordable but necessary. Even more important, though, is that we cannot afford to let our country drift farther from _______ that the vast majority of Americans share. We will never fully succeed in achieving Mr. Obama’s vision of a poor girl’s having exactly the same opportunities as a wealthy girl. But we could do much, much better, and must not rest until we do.

1.

A．prejudice

B．inferior

C．poverty

D．minority

2.

A．narrower

B．wider

C．severer

D．closer

3.

A．conducted

B．concluded

C．excluded

D．exposed

4.

A．distinct from

B．feasible by

C．superior to

D．dependent on

5.

A．even though

B．as though

C．only if

D．as if

6.

A．photograph

B．picture

C．atmosphere

D．condition

7.

A．lack

B．leak

C．explosion

D．extinction

8.

A．exhibit

B．explore

C．extend

D．exploit

9.

A．contribution

B．satisfaction

C．achievement

D．ambition

10.

A．at play

B．under control

C．in use

D．on show

11.

A．devotion

B．familiarity

C．application

D．access

12.

A．imaginative

B．alternative

C．sensitive

D．productive

13.

A．admitted

B．permitted

C．devoted

D．limited

14.

A．abandoned

B．adjusted

C．altered

D．applied

15.

A．memories

B．glory

C．reality

D．ideals