1 . What do you know about fashion? The fashion industry, which has become one of the most _________ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just _________ in the wash? In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.

A friend of mine _________ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune. Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is _________, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the _________ in Victorian Britain. A century on, _________ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all _________ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.

The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most _________ on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in _________ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ____________. Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.

“The fashion industry represents a key environmental ____________,” says Kirsi Niinimäki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. “Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry ____________ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.” Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant ____________ on the cheap.

One wonders: What can we do about it? Don’t you have any clothes on? It’s not that ____________. More importantly, don’t waste, learn to control your desires and ____________ falling into this “Fast fashion” lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the “Fast fashion” industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced “over-consumption” will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.

1.

A．convincing

B．interesting

C．confusing

D．damaging

2.

A．carry out

B．come out

C．set out

D．break out

3.

A．builds

B．runs

C．supports

D．controls

4.

A．expensive

B．useless

C．worthless

D．attractive

5.

A．businessmen

B．children

C．locals

D．masses

6.

A．little

B．few

C．much

D．many

7.

A．on behalf of

B．in the form of

C．for the sake of

D．in terms of

8.

A．effective

B．destructive

C．preventive

D．alternative

9.

A．quarrel

B．argument

C．fight

D．conflict

10.

A．tell the truth

B．hit the brakes

C．pave the way

D．break the ice

11.

A．threat

B．effect

C．problem

D．protection

12.

A．results from

B．consists of

C．brings about

D．relies on

13.

A．ambition

B．action

C．satisfaction

D．attraction

14.

A．far

B．extreme

C．bad

D．complex

15.

A．enjoy

B．imagine

C．miss

D．avoid

2 . The “reading wars,” one of the most confusing and disabling conflicts in the history of education, went on heatedly in the 1980s and then peace came. Advocates of phonics (learning by being taught the sound of each letter group) seemed to defeat advocates of whole language (learning by using cues like context and being exposed to much good literature).

Recent events suggest the conflict of complicated concepts is far from over. Teachers, parents and experts appear to agree that phonics is crucial, but what is going on in classrooms is not in agreement with what research studies say is required, which has aroused a national debate over the meaning of the word “phonics.”

Lucy M. Calkins, a professor at Columbia University’s Teachers College and a much-respected expert on how to teach reading, has drawn attention with an eight-page essay. Here is part of her argument: “The important thing is to teach kids that they needn’t freeze when they come to a hard word, nor skip past it. The important thing is to teach them that they have resources to draw upon, and to use those resources to develop endurance.”

To Calkins’s critics, it is cruel and wasteful to encourage 6-year-olds to look for clues if they don’t immediately know the correct sounds. They should work on decoding — knowing the pronunciation of every letter group — until they master it, say the critics, backed by much research.

Calkins’s approach “is a slow, unreliable way to read words and an inefficient way to develop word recognition skill,” Mark S. Seidenberg, a psychologist at the University of Wisconsin, said in a blog post. “Dr. Calkins treats word recognition as a reasoning problem — like solving a puzzle. She is committed to the educational principle that children learn best by discovering how systems work rather than being told.”

Many others share his view. “Children should learn to decode — i.e., go from print on the page to words in the mind — not by clever guesswork and inference, but by learning to decode,” Daniel Willingham, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, told me. He said the inferences Calkins applauds are “cognitively (认知地) demanding, and readers don’t have much endurance for it. … It disturbs the flow of what you’re reading, and doing a lot of it gets frustrating.”

Yet a recent survey found that only 22 percent of 670 early-reading teachers are using the approach of phonics and what they mean by phonics is often no more than marking up a worksheet.

Both sides agree that children need to acquire the vocabulary and background information that gives meaning to words. But first, they have to pronounce them correctly to connect the words they have learned to speak.

Calkins said in her essay: “Much of what the phonics people are saying is praiseworthy,” but it would be a mistake to teach phonics “at the expense of reading and writing.”

The two sides appear to agree with her on that.

1. Critics of phonics hold the opinion that ________.

A．children should be taught to use context

B．teaching phonics is both boring and useless

C．kids acquire vocabulary in hearing letter groups

D．pronunciation has nothing to do with meaning of words

2. Which of the following statements is Mark S. Seidenberg most likely to agree with?

A．Tell me and I will forget; show me and I will remember.

B．Skilled reading is fast and automatic but not deliberative.

C．Word recognition skill should be developed in problem reasoning.

D．Learning to make reasonable inferences is also a way of decoding.

3. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．phonics approach has been proved to be successful

B．children don’t shy away from difficulties in reading

C．the two reading approaches might integrate with each other

D．reading and writing are much more important than phonics

4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．An everlasting reading war among critics

B．From print on the page to words in the mind

C．A battle restarts between phonics, whole language

D．Decoding and inferring confuse early-reading teachers

3 . Artificial intelligence (AI) has amazing potential to change the world, and we’ve only just begun to scratch the surface. As AI matures and people move further away from distinct programming and monitoring of systems, unidentified bias (偏见) might make decisions continue for a long time that cause _______ harm for individuals and society. This bias might _______ input data or even the algorithms (算法) themselves.

All too often, data sets are incomplete and the sample represented in the data set does not _______ the population that the AI model is making predictions about — this is known as coverage bias. Some other types of bias related to input data include sampling bias, where data is not collected randomly from the target group, and participation bias, where users from certain groups _______ surveys at different rates than users from other groups. Still, another more challenging bias to identify is confirmation bias that occurs when a decision maker or analyst has a strong _______ belief or experience that affects their ability to consider alternatives. This could lead one to more strongly _______ data that confirms a preexisting belief.

Bias resulting from AI algorithms themselves, or algorithmic bias, is equally _______. One example of algorithmic bias is implicit bias or unconscious bias, where data scientists _______ make associations or assumptions based on their mental models and memories that affect data modeling decisions. Implicit bias can _______ how data is collected and classified, or how systems are designed and developed. As machines learn, their conclusions and decisions affect people. Ethical (道德的) AI must understand these impacts and create governance and testing methods to ________ mistakes and inaccuracies.

To create ethical AI, companies need to put the ________ of the individual at the center of data innovation. This means thinking about ________ rights as human rights and developing a comprehensive approach to data, including how we use AI.

Having ________ data practices for AI means having good AI governance. This governance not only focuses on data and analytics but also understands the impacts of any given analysis and makes sure it’s ________ and accurate. Good AI governance includes data responsibility as well as a commitment to transparency (透明性).

None of this will be easy, but true innovation never is. By coming together and working on the problem of bias now, before it becomes a(n) ________ force, businesses can help bring out the best AI has to offer the world.

1.

A．theoretical

B．psychological

C．disproportionate

D．unintended

2.

A．arise from

B．contribute to

C．take over

D．make up

3.

A．inspire

B．match

C．protect

D．restrict

4.

A．quit

B．administer

C．compare

D．analyze

5.

A．distinct

B．predictable

C．original

D．widespread

6.

A．restore

B．imply

C．miss

D．favor

7.

A．embarrassing

B．dangerous

C．relevant

D．ridiculous

8.

A．intentionally

B．temporarily

C．automatically

D．appropriately

9.

A．influence

B．help

C．attract

D．predict

10.

A．admit

B．define

C．address

D．publicize

11.

A．belongings

B．expressions

C．characteristics

D．needs

12.

A．civil

B．digital

C．legal

D．natural

13.

A．frequent

B．responsible

C．peculiar

D．graceful

14.

A．fair

B．quick

C．appealing

D．adequate

15.

A．leading

B．innovative

C．cultural

D．destructive

4 . 选词填空

A. benefit B. closely C. containing D. deprived E. feasted F. fundamental G. introduction H. original I. purchasing J. supply K. typically

The Pleasures of the Table

APRIL 9, 2020 was the darkest day in the recent recorded history of the restaurant industry. The     1     of lockdowns, combined with people voluntarily avoiding others, meant that on that Thursday bookings in America, Australia, Britain, Canada, Germany, Ireland and Mexico made via OpenTable, a restaurant-reservation website, whose reservations     2     numbered in the millions plunged to zero.

Being     3     of the dining experience has made people realize how much they value it. Eating out fulfils needs which seem     4     to human nature. People need to go on dates, to seal deals, and to simply have the ability to peer at their fellow humans. At a good restaurant, you can travel without the need to be actually travelling or simply feel rich for a night.

Yet restaurants in their current form are a few hundred years old at most. They do not satisfy some primeval (原始的) urge, but rather those of particular sorts of societies. Economic and social forces have created both the     5     of and demand for restaurants.

People have long     6     outside the home. Archaeologists have counted 158 snack bars in Pompeii, the ancient Roman city destroyed by a volcano in 79 AD—one for every 60 to 100 people, a higher rate than that found in many global cities today. Ready-cooked meals     7     meat and fish were available for Londoners to purchase from at least the 1170s. Samuel Cole, an early settler, opened what is considered to be the first American tavern (酒馆) in1634, in Boston.

These were more like takeaways, though, or stands where food might be thrown in with a drink, than eat-in restaurants. The table d’hôte, which appeared in France around Cole’s time, most     8     resembled the modern restaurant we know and love today. Diners sat at a single table and ate what they were given. Many ofthese early restaurants existed only for the     9     of locals. Strangers were not always welcome.

What does the history of the restaurant say about its future? In recent weeks, global restaurant reservations have risen back up close to their pre-pandemic levels. The long-term future of the restaurant is less clear. The pandemic has led to many people     10     much more takeout food than before, while others rejoice in their newfound love of cooking. Restaurants have little choice but to continue to adapt.

5 . Looking on the Bright Side with Moon Worship

According to Cheshire psychic Claire Stone, a growing number of women are looking to the moon to increase their health, power and wealth. Daily Mail reporter Samantha Brick recently ______ a full moon ceremony hosted by Ms. Stone in a field near Hale. She joined a group of females dressed in white as they stood in a circle holding hands.

“There is drumming and chanting,” wrote Ms. Brick, “then ______ as each woman engraves her hopes and ambitions for the coming month on a white or silver candle.” They were told to ______ what they wanted to attract into their lives. “We ‘see’ it coming true in our minds,” said Ms. Stone. “The ______ is amplified by the energy of the moon and those in the circle.”

Ms. Stone said that wishing on the moon helped her move into her ______ home, a £l.4 million farmhouse, which she shares with her husband and two daughters.

Ms. Stone was initially attracted to complementary sources of ______ as a teenager suffering from anxiety. “I started looking for something to help make me happier,” she said. “I first joined a couple of local groups where women would ______ once a month on the full moon when I was in my 20s. It seemed like a natural and ______ thing to do.” The paper commented: “Claire, who drives a black Mercedes GLE coupe, was so ______ by her early experiences of moon circles that she decided to hold her own monthly ceremonies outside her home.

They have been a(n) ______ success: at various times more than 3,000 women have come along. Her circles —priced at £22.00 for a two-hour session—______ for up to 100 women at a time online, and 50 at a time in person. Several famous and powerful women have announced their interest in moon worship. Friends actor Jennifer Aniston is said to ______ moon circles where women sit and share their experiences and dreams. Lady Carole Bamford, described in the press as a “billionaire eco entrepreneur” explains on her website. “Our bodies are made up of 70 per cent water, so it’s no wonder that the moon, which controls the ______, has the power to affect us all in different ways as well.”

The report ended with veterinary nurse Victoria Twist, who ______ the moon for her return to full health after spinal surgery. Ms. Twist is also convinced that ______ attending moon circles, she was also able to manifest her dream home.

1.

A．witnessed

B．covered

C．attended

D．broadcast

2.

A．discussion

B．silence

C．dance

D．ceremony

3.

A．convince

B．share

C．visualize

D．pray

4.

A．imagination

B．intention

C．impression

D．illustration

5.

A．country

B．holiday

C．family

D．dream

6.

A．researching

B．studying

C．disturbing

D．healing

7.

A．call up

B．build up

C．meet up

D．line up

8.

A．normal

B．pleasant

C．magical

D．attractive

9.

A．obsessed

B．inspired

C．fascinated

D．affected

10.

A．astonishing

B．progressive

C．immediate

D．puzzling

11.

A．appeal

B．attempt

C．call

D．cater

12.

A．host

B．participate

C．favor

D．attend

13.

A．winds

B．nights

C．tides

D．temperatures

14.

A．celebrates

B．claims

C．concerns

D．credits

15.

A．apart from

B．regardless of

C．thanks to

D．instead of

6 . Why working from anywhere isn’t realistic

For most white-collar workers, it used to be very simple. Home was the place you left to go to work. The office was almost certainly where you were_________. Co-working spaces were for entrepreneurial people in T-shirts who wanted to hang out with other entrepreneurial people in T-shirts. You could stay at a hotel on a work trip, but it was not a place to get actual work done, which is why a hotel’s “business centre”_________all of business as using a printer.

The pandemic has thrown these neat_________up into the air. Most obviously, home is now also a place of work. According to a recent Gallup survey, three-quarters of American workers whose jobs can be performed_________expect to spend time doing just that in the future. And offices are increasingly where you go to put the company into company – through collaborative work and social activities.

_________, the boldest version of remote working extends well beyond these two locations. “Working from anywhere” imagines a completely_________existence, in which people can do their jobs in Alaska or Zanzibar. The idea sounds wonderful. Nevertheless, plenty of_________remain. Some are practical. The payroll and tax of working from different locations in a year are an administrative headache._________, working from anywhere is only feasible if your equipment functions reliably. If you spill suntan lotion on your laptop, the people on the hotel’s reception desk are more likely to offer you_________than a replacement computer.

Another set of obstacles is more__________. The carefree promise of working from anywhere is far easier to__________if you don’t have actual cares. Children of a certain age need to go to school; partners may not be able to work remotely and have careers of their own to manage.

The option to work from anywhere will be most attractive to people who have well-paid jobs and fewer__________: childless tech workers, say. For many other people, the “anywhere” in working from anywhere is a simple choice between their home and their office. That might be a recipe for__________within teams. Imagine dialing into a Zoom call covered in baby drool (口水), and hearing your colleague Greg saying how amazing Chamonix (法国城市夏蒙尼) is at this time of year.

Adding it to the menu of working options for sought-after employees__________. The working-from-anywhere policy will probably help employers attract better people. But for the foreseeable future, working from anywhere will be a bonus for a lucky few rather than a(n)__________for things to come.

1.

A．heading

B．resisting

C．worrying

D．navigating

2.

A．demanded

B．modified

C．defined

D．served

3.

A．programs

B．means

C．cases

D．categories

4.

A．solely

B．properly

C．responsibly

D．remotely

5.

A．However

B．Therefore

C．Instead

D．Besides

6.

A．isolated

B．unrestricted

C．sophisticated

D．distinguished

7.

A．principles

B．insights

C．barriers

D．arguments

8.

A．In other words

B．On the contrary

C．What’s more

D．After all

9.

A．compensation

B．enforcement

C．pressure

D．sympathy

10.

A．distinct

B．complicated

C．personal

D．unnoticeable

11.

A．realize

B．evade

C．vanish

D．make

12.

A．visions

B．descendants

C．perspectives

D．obligations

13.

A．jealousy

B．cooperation

C．fraud

D．interaction

14.

A．takes time

B．steals thunder

C．makes sense

D．works wonders

15.

A．review

B．blueprint

C．source

D．sacrifice

7 . Eventually, the changes that will strengthen stepfamilies will likely come from shifts in cultural prejudices. Such change is slow, but there are signs that some movement along this line is beginning to take place. For instance, Roger Coleman, a clergyman in Kansas City, Mo., performs marriage ceremonies specifically designed to include children when a parent remarries. In years of officiating second marriages, he says, he became keenly aware of the confusion and insecurities of the children, and the ceremony — which includes a special medal worn by the child — aims to celebrate the “new family” and move the church beyond mere criticism of divorce. This year, Coleman says, over 10,000 families across the country will use the medal in their remarriage ceremony.

Similar changes are occurring in public schools around the country. One of the difficulties for stepfamilies is that schools and other public institutions have typically not recognized the stepparent as a valid parent; school registration forms, field trip permission slips, health emergency information — none of these required or acknowledged the stepparent. The message, whether intended or not, has been that only biological parents count. It’s a message that the stepparent and stepchild internalize, worsening what’s often an already difficult relationship, and one which the larger community takes as another sign that stepfamilies are not legally recognized in American society. Through the efforts of the Step-family Association of America and other advocates, schools around the country have begun changing their policies to acknowledge the increasingly important role of stepparents.

Change is also evident in a marketplace eager to exploit this wide social trend. In a particularly American sign of the times, the Hallmark greeting card company, is about to launch a line of cards devoted entirely to non- traditional families. The cards never use the word “step”, but most of the “Ties That Bind” line is clearly aimed at people who have come together by remarriage rather than biology — or, as one card puts it, “Thrown together without being asked, no chance of escape.” Some are straightforward (“There are so many different types and ways to be a family today”), while others are more indirect (“It’s like at a puzzle where the pieces aren’t where they used to be”). But all are aimed at the vast and growing market of people who don’t identify with the old definitions of family, and who are finding ways to make their new families work. Who knows — soon there may even be a card Tori La Londe can send to her former husband’s former mother-in-law.

1. The marriage ceremonies performed by Roger Coleman _________.

A．always make children feel confused and insecure

B．are more romantic than any other marriage ceremony

C．are designed to include some children to create an exciting atmosphere

D．are arranged to let children attend their parent’s remarriage ceremonies

2. The examples of school registration forms, field trip permission slips, health emergency information in public schools are applied to suggest _________.

A．biological parents are irreplaceable in the growth of a child

B．stepparents are no substitute for the biological ones

C．traditional views on the family structure still persist

D．efforts are made to facilitate the present situation

3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 “Who knows — soon there may even be a card Tori La Londe can send to her former husband’s former mother-in-law.” means _________.

A．Businesses can benefit more from new patterns of families

B．People begin to be open to different new definitions of family

C．Sending cards is a good way to tie the bond of the family

D．Ex-husband’s ex-mother-in-law plays an important role in the family

4. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The increasingly important role of stepparents.

B．The practical ways to strengthen the stepfamilies.

C．The difficulties that are facing the stepfamilies.

D．People’s gradual recognition towards stepfamilies.

8 . Ask Americans which they think is more important to success, effort or talent, and they pick effort two to one. Ask them which quality they’d _________ most in a new employee, and they pick diligence over intelligence five to one. But deep down, they hold the _________ view.

We know this thanks to a researcher, Chia-Jung Tsay of University Collee London. Tsay asked professional musicians to listen to audio clips (片段) of two pianists, one described as a “natural” . The other as a “striver” . Despite the fact that the two pianists were really one pianist playing different sections of the same composition — and just contrary to the listeners’ _________ belief that effort won over talent — the musicians thought the “natural” sounded more likely to succeed than the “striver”, and _________. Tsay found a similar _________ among people considering an investment proposal. Their preference for backing a “natural” entrepreneur (企业家) over a “striver” entrepreneur was _________ only when the latter was given four more years of experience and $40,000 more in capital.

From where does the _________ for naturals come? Angela Duckworth, a psychology professor at the University of Pennsylvania, offered her best guess: We don’t _________ strivers because they invite self-comparisons. If what separates, say, Roger Federer from you and me is nothing but the number of hours spent at “deliberate practice” — as the most-extreme behavioralists argue — our _________ of the U.S. Open could be interrupted by the thought There but for the grace of perseverance go I.

Whatever its origins, the preference has __________ implications. Certainly, it suggests that my deep terror of letting anyone see my half-written article drafts makes sense. It perpetuates (使持续) a myth that I’m a natural—the words just flow out,folks as fast as I can type! — and __________ the truth that the words come out fitfully and woodenly, gradually leading to a state of readability only after many seemingly fruitless stages. “If people knew how hard I had to work to gain my mastery, it would not appear so __________ at all,” Michelangelo observed.

This can __________ confusing career advice. “Try hard enough and you can do just about anything, as long as you don’t __________ to be trying very hard” is not the stuff we can see on the school walls. However, private __________ and public ease may be a recommended combination.

1.

A．desire

B．doubt

C．discover

D．document

2.

A．clear

B．traditional

C．partial

D．opposite

3.

A．stated

B．concealed

C．mistaken

D．proved

4.

A．less satisfied

B．more curious

C．less reasonable

D．more hirable

5.

A．ignorance

B．prejudice

C．performance

D．intention

6.

A．erased

B．estimated

C．restored

D．reported

7.

A．preference

B．experience

C．investment

D．success

8.

A．analyze

B．like

C．become

D．find

9.

A．understanding

B．sponsorship

C．enjoyment

D．promotion

10.

A．theoretical

B．financial

C．political

D．practical

11.

A．reveals

B．awaits

C．hides

D．prefers

12.

A．struggling

B．wonderful

C．disappointing

D．careful

13.

A．look to

B．make for

C．set aside

D．take in

14.

A．need

B．hope

C．seem

D．agree

15.

A．ownership

B．interest

C．industriousness

D．aggressiveness

10 . Both misinformation, which includes honest mistakes, and disinformation, which involves an intention to mislead, have had a growing impact on teenage students over the past 20 years. One tool that schools can use to deal with this problem is called media literacy education. The idea is to teach teenage students how to evaluate and think critically about the messages they receive. Yet there is profound disagreement about what to teach.

Some approaches teach students to distinguish the quality of the information in part by learning how responsible journalism works. Yet some scholars argue that these methods overstate journalism and do little to cultivate critical thinking skills. Other approaches teach students methods for evaluating the credibility of news and information sources, in part by determining the incentive of those sources. They teach students to ask: What encouraged them to create it and why? But even if these approaches teach students specific skills well, some experts argue that determining credibility of the news is just the first step. Once students figure out if it’s true or false, what is the other assessment and the other analysis they need to do?

Worse still, some approaches to media literacy education not only don’t work but might actually backfire by increasing students’ skepticism about the way the media work. Students may begin to read all kinds of immoral motives into everything. It is good to educate students to challenge their assumptions, but it’s very easy for students to go from healthy critical thinking to unhealthy skepticism and the idea that everyone is lying all the time.

To avoid these potential problems, broad approaches that help students develop mindsets in which they become comfortable with uncertainty are in need. According to educational psychologist William Perry of Harvard University, students go through various stages of learning. First, children are black-and-white thinkers—they think there are right answers and wrong answers. Then they develop into relativists, realizing that knowledge can be contextual. This stage is the one where people can come to believe there is no truth. With media literacy education, the aim is to get students to the next level—that place where they can start to see and appreciate the fact that the world is messy, and that’s okay. They have these fundamental approaches to gathering knowledge that they can accept, but they still value uncertainty.

Schools still have a long way to go before they get there, though. Many more studies will be needed for researchers to reach a comprehensive understanding of what works and what doesn’t over the long term. “Education scholars need to take an ambitious step forward,” says Howard Schneider, director of the Center for News Literacy at Stony Brook University.

1. As for media literacy education, what is the author’s major concern?

A．How to achieve its goal.	B．How to measure its progress.
C．How to avoid its side effects.	D．How to promote its importance.

2. What does the underlined word “incentive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Importance.

B．Variety.

C．Motivation.

D．Benefit.

3. The author mentions stages of learning in Paragraph 4 mainly to________.

A．compare different types of thinking

B．evaluate students’ mind development

C．explain a theory of educational psychology

D．stress the need to raise students’ thinking levels

4. Which would be the best title for this passage?

A．Media Literacy Education: Much Still Remains

B．Media Literacy Education: Schools Are to Blame

C．Media Literacy Education: A Way to Identify False Information

D．Media Literacy Education: A Tool for Testing Critical Thinking