1 . When drawing scientists. U. S. children now depict (描画) female scientists more often than ever, according to new Northwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades of “Draw-A-Scientist” studies conducted since the 1960s.

This change suggests that children’s stereotypes (刻板印象) linking science with men have weakened over time, said the researchers, consistent with more women becoming scientists and children’s media depicting more female scientists on television shows and other media.

In the first study, conducted between 1968 and 1979, less than one percent of 5,000 children drew an image resembling a woman when asked to draw a scientist. Almost all their artwork depicted men working with laboratory equipment, often with lab coats, glasses and facial hair.

But in later studies (1988 to 2019), 28 percent of children drew a female scientist, on average. In addition, both girls and boys drew female scientists more often over time, though girls overall drew female scientists much more often than boys.

“Our results suggest that children’s stereotypes change as women’s and men’s roles change in society.” said study lead author David Miller. “Children still draw more male than female scientists, but that is expected because women remain a minority in several science fields.”

The researchers also studied how children form stereotypes about scientists across child development. The results suggested children did not associate science with men until grade school; around age 5, they drew roughly equal percentages of male and female scientists. During elementary and middle school, the tendency to draw male scientists increased strongly with age. Older children were also more likely to draw scientists with lab coats and glasses, suggesting that children learn other stereotypes as they mature.

“These changes across children’s age likely reflect that children’s exposure to male scientists accumulates during development, even in recent years.” said Miller.

“To build on cultural changes, teachers and parents should present children with multiple examples of female scientists across many contexts such as science courses, television shows and informal conversations,” Miller said.

1. What is the change in children drawing scientists?

A．Children draw more male scientists.

B．Children draw more female scientists.

C．Girls draw more scientists than boys.

D．Children draw more female than male scientists.

2. What does Miller think of children drawing more male scientists than female scientists?

A．It’s not surprising.	B．It’s not reasonable.
C．It’s unexpected.	D．It’s not acceptable.

3. What does paragraph 6 mainly talk about?

A．How children develop their drawings.

B．How children’s stereotypes change with age.

C．Why children draw more male scientists.

D．What scientists look like in children’s drawings.

4. According to Miller, how can we make children draw more female scientists?

A．By encouraging children to attend science courses.

B．By encouraging children to become scientists in the future.

C．By giving children an example of drawing female scientists.

D．By making female scientists known to children in various situations.

2 . One Earth Award

About this award

Sponsored by the One Earth Fund, the One Earth Award offers $1,000 scholarships for four students whose works address the pressing issue of human-caused climate change.

Why should I create art or writing about climate change?

Some consequences of climate change include: sea-level rise, increase in air pollution, hurricane, droughts, extreme weather, and rising temperatures, among others. Your work can advance our thoughts about climate change and our understanding of solutions. It can also improve awareness of actions that we can take, in order to reduce the harm that human action has on our environment.

How do I apply?

Enter your work to any category in the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards. When selecting the category of your work, choose the One Earth Award. You will be required to include a personal statement on your work.

What should I write for the personal statement?

Your personal statement should be 50 words or more and answer the following questions:

What specific aspect of climate change does your work address?

What is your personal connection to this aspect of climate change, and why do you think talking about climate change is important?

Getting started on your work

These resources can help you learn about climate change and create your own art and writing about it.

Consider how poets talk about climate change with the Poetry Foundation.

Explore visual art activities and writing activities from the Teacher’s Climate Guide.

Try writing exercises developed by English Teachers Concerned about Climate Crisis.

1. What is the first thing to do to get the One Earth Award?

A．Choosing the One Earth Award.

B．Contacting the One Earth Fund.

C．Presenting the personal statement.

D．Visiting the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards.

2. What should be included about climate change in your personal statement?

A．What action you will take.	B．What you are concerned about.
C．Why your work is important.	D．What suggestion you will make.

3. Which part of the text intends to provide help in finishing your work?

A．How do I apply?

B．About this award

C．Getting started on your work

D．What should I write for the personal statement?