1 . Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to strengthen themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids (类固醇) to growth hormones with which to_________their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are_________, and those athletes must therefore face the challenges of anti-doping (反兴奋剂) agencies.

The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have_________dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not entirely_________. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could_________the tests in two different ways. One genotype, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether. Another may actually be convicting (给……定罪) the innocent.

The test employed for testosterone (睾酮素) abuse usually relies on measuring the_________of two chemicals found in the urine (尿液): TG. and EG.. Any ratio above four of the former to the latter is considered_________and leads to more tests. However, the production of TG is controlled by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze_________that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone — the standard dose for legal medical use — and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be_________.

The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test.____________, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold (门槛) before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a ____________rate of 9% in a random population of young men.

Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial____________variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene which means they have a naturally____________ratio of TG to EG, compared with under a tenth of Caucasians (白种人) — something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.

In the meantime, Dr. Schulz’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of____________themselves. Athletes who will travel to Paris for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the “spirit of Olympianism”, but also with a copy of their____________, just in case.

2 . It was a normal morning in March. Sondra Artis had just _______ the last student on her route.

As heading towards the school, Sondra noticed a burning smell. She _______ the bus window to see if it was fogging up from condensation（凝结）or if it was _______ . When a student asked her what was _______ , she did her best to hide her growing _______ .

Sondra pulled into a parking lot and turned to face the 20 students on _______ . She reminded them of the evacuation（疏散） _______ they once performed and directed them to leave through the doors.

“I told the kids that, ‘You know, we _______ at the beginning of the year, but this is going to be _______ , so I need you to be calm,’” said Sondra.

The students hurried to the ________ as smoke began to fill the bus. They were ________ , but Sondra remained calm. When they were out, she went back onto the bus to make sure everyone left ________ .

Seconds after they all ________ , the bus caught fire. Another bus came to the ________ to take the children away, and Sondra was left ________ that everything worked out okay.

The bus can be ________ , but human life cannot. The parents were incredibly ________ for her grace under fire. She's being considered as a ________ , and many of her students would like to see her ________ for her heroism.

“Sondra is a very good bus driver，”said a student. “She ________ a reward.”

3 . New bike-on-demand services give a new dimension to urban sharing economy. In the 1980s, a bicycle, a radio and a sewing machine were considered as the top three _______ for Chinese couples. At the time, China was the “Kingdom of Bicycles”—bikes were key to people’s daily transportation. Now, the country _______ the world’s largest automobile market. Yet, ambitious entrepreneurs keep attempting to _______ lost glory to bikes. Their strategy, however, is changing.

GPS-enabled and painted in _______ orange, at least 100, 000 Mobikes are in service in Beijing, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Chengdu. And with its signature yellow bikes, of now connects’ about 227, 000 bicycles in 21 cities. Newcomers like Hello-bike and Ubike are catching up.

Unlike traditional public bikes that have to be borrowed at and returned to a bike stand after a journey, sharing bikes save people from such troubles. Using an intelligent lock with _______ functions to help users locate and borrow bikes, these smart bicycles can be parked in any public area _______ by a local government. Normally, they can be unlocked in seconds by simply scanning the _______ QR code on each bike. Suitable for both enthusiastic cyclists and daily short-distance commuters, the round-the- clock, hourly-charging service is obviously a (an) _______.

But bike-sharing platforms face grave (严峻的) maintenance and management challenges. Damage to and losses of bikes, along with improper parking, are often reported-despite their owner’ _______ calls for proper, considerate use. Regular disappearance and damage reports have not just __________ extra financial burdens of the bike- sharing companies, but also raised the costs of offering such a service __________ decent customers. Parking in unauthorized areas __________ a challenge to urban management, too.

That some 200 sharing bicycles were impounded (扣留) last month by the urban management authorities in Chengdu for “illegally occupying public space”, however, is not a kind of rule needed. Rather, what local government should do is to adapt to the rising trend of bike sharing, and __________ rules keeping the local conditions and people’s convenience in mind.

Bike sharing services should be welcomed by cities aspiring to promote green transport and reduce vehicle emissions and congestion. The GPS system installed on these bikes can help the service apps easily __________ the unruly (不守规矩的)users, who are less likely to repeat their mistakes if given an official warning by the urban management authorities.

The service apps do have other options besides issuing penalties. Keeping a record of customers using shared bikes and adding it to their credit record would be a(an) __________ attempt, so would recruiting volunteers to supervise and report improper use.

5 . I received a video call last month. The president announced the news; Given the_________on university finances during the COVID-19 pandemic(流行病), he would end the geology(地质学) department. His words _________ me like a ton of bricks. For 20 years, I assumed I'd always have a _________if I kept up my teaching and research. But the pandemic had brought _________effects.

Three years ago, the president had asked us for _________. Many of our upper-level classes were highly_________ attracting only a handful of students. The president told us that we needed larger class _________and more students.

We_________making changes. We added new elective courses on climate and medical geology,_________hundreds of students, But we didn't __________ the course requirements for geology majors, and many professors __________to teach the same material in the same way. The __________ of students didn't increase a lot.

Then came COVID-19. We stayed open and taught students on campus, but enrollments(注册) continued to __________. After the meeting with our president, my mind __________. Two days after the president's call, I spent the weekend speaking with my colleagues and brainstorming a __________Together, we imagined a__________earth science course, one that would help students meet today's __________. We rethought all of our courses, focusing on problems that students and their potential__________care about.

We __________to the future with our new vision and leave the past behind. We're not sure how the university will react to our plan. Hopefully, our efforts aren't coming too __________.

6 . Peru demanded compensation (赔偿金) Wednesday from Spanish energy giant Repsol over an oil spill (石油泄漏). It might be caused by sudden and big _________ from a volcanic eruption near Tonga in the South Pacific because volcanic eruption can cause waves.

Authorities _________ three beaches on Monday _________ 6,000 barrels (桶) of oil were spilled during the _________ of an oil-transporting ship at the Pampilla oil-processing factory off the coast near Lima. The Repsol oil spill “is the worst _________ disaster in Lima in recent times, and has caused serious _________ to hundreds of _________ families. “Repsol must make an immediate _________ for their loss,” the authority said on Twitter. “This terrible situation has put plants and animals _________ in two protected areas,” it noted. Peruvian authorities found lots of dead sea animals __________ in oil. The spill happened on Saturday at the oil-processing factory in the Lima region, __________ a 3-kilometer stretch of beaches.

Officials of the factory __________ described the spill as “limited” and said it was working with authorities to __________ the beaches. “Controlling barriers that cover all of the affected __________ have been set up. And a team of __________ in sea and land have been sent,” said the factory, which __________ the spill on the waves caused by the volcanic eruption more than 10,000 kilometers away but not a bit on the mishandling of the workers who moved the oil barrels off the __________.

The oil-processing factory could face a __________ of up to $32.3 million, the __________ ministry of Peru said on Monday. And the prosecutors (公诉人) have opened an __________ into the company for environmental pollution.

7 . Recently, some readers are invited to join the experts in a live webchat to discuss the future of cars in cities. They hold a heated discussion on whether we ban cars from city centres? Opinions are ________.

Some people are ________ the idea. Clearly, cars have come to control our ________： It is hard to find anywhere away from background traffic noise. Pollution isn't the only problem from traffic. High­speed cars makes public space ________ to the pedestrian (行人). In some places, streets are fenced off to ________ pedestrians taking up car space. As city centres are ________ populated, not everyone is young or fit enough to walk distances especially ________ their way through crowds.

However, some people hold the ________ view. They wonder whether it is ________ to carry the kids around on public transport. Walking or ________ in the city centers are easy ways. But walking and biking doesn't work if you've got three kids under 5. What's the ________？ Besides, driving takes ten minutes to the city center ________ taking buses has to travel 10 miles to get to the shopping centre 5 miles away. Does it make sense？

Still, some speak out their mind. They say, “I ________ the idea of ‘making the car redundant (多余的)’—but the reality is that lots of us ________ some form of powered transport—because of heavy bags, kids, disability issues etc. I wish people who make these lovely statements would ________ those of us for whom walking/cycling is actually pretty ________.”

As far as I'm concerned, we need to find transport solutions so inviting, enjoyable, affordable and well­planned that people will not ________ to use cars. The best way to do that will vary, but I suspect that mostly it is a matter of ________ public transport from the elderly, and the poor, making it the most ________ choice for those who can choose. But getting the pricing right will ________.

8 . We are instructed not to use any bad words or polluting language. But at one time, I didn't realize that these ________ complaining, but I later have ________ that complaining pollutes our lives.

Plain and simple complaining is an ________ that people strongly disapprove (不认可) of! It causes many people a great number of ________ in their lives and destroys the joy of anyone ________.

We need to ________ ourselves, how quick are we to become ________ and begin to complain when stuck in traffic or while ________ at the checkout in grocery stores or department stores? How quick are we to spot and point out all the ________ of our friends or family members? Do we ________ about our job when we should be thankful that we have one?

The best antidote (矫正方法) for complaining is ________. People with gratitude do not complain. They are so ________ being grateful for all the good things they have that they have no time to ________ the things they could complain about.

In fact, everyone needs to make it a daily ________ to live a life of thanksgiving. Let's be ________ and grateful. Before going to bed at night, try to ________ everything we have to be thankful for. Let it be the ________ thing you do in the morning. Be grateful for “little” things or things you might ________ take for granted. Don't get ________ when you fail, and don't throw in the towel and quit either. Keep at it until you have ________ new habits and you are living with an attitude of gratitude.

9 . Teens around the world use social media a lot. But is this a good thing? While you can say nice and _______ things on the Internet, you could also say mean and hurtful things too. When someone says something mean or hurtful _______, it's called cyberbullying (网络欺凌) .

When people say mean things to us, we feel _______, depressed and powerless. These are just some of the possible _______ effects that could affect teens who are cyberbullied. When people are often sad or depressed, they could begin to _______ suicide (自杀) . They think that their lives aren't worth anything or that their lives are too _______ to handle. It's difficult to believe that one person saying mean or cruel things to another person could make him think about _______ himself, but it's true and it does happen. Now, you could _______ everything that was said. You could say that teens can just turn off their computers or their phones. They can just block (屏蔽) the person who _______ them or just simply ignore him. __________ people, especially teens, love going on the Internet and talking to people. It's part of their daily lives. It's __________ to tell teens to turn them all off. In addition, __________ they block someone, the person can just __________ coming back on a different account or as someone else. Also if it's a publicly posted video, picture or message, everyone can see it and __________ report or share it. It's impossible to block everyone.

And finally no one can just __________ so many mean words that are being said to them.

Overall, cyberbullying is a terrible thing that people do. There should be laws to protect people from cyberbullying.