1 . While English is getting more important in our schools, Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. But Chinese can be more difficult to learn. At least 16-year-old Piao Chenglong thinks so. “English is easier for me. Chinese characters (汉字) have too many strokes (笔画),” said Piao. “But I want to learn it. I want to study at Beijing University when I grow up.” Piao is from Korea. He came to China in 2008.
In Korea, there are more than 300, 000 Chinese learners like Piao. Some Korean students begin to learn to write the language on their first day at school. To help students learn Chinese, Korea holds speaking competitions for high school students every year.
Chinese isn’t just popular in Korea. People from all the world want to learn it. The Ministry of Education of China says that nearly 130 million people from 85 countries are learning Chinese. This number will be increasing to 800 million in the coming years.
In America, Chinese is the second most popular foreign language after Spanish. Some American middle schools have Chinese classes. Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots (中国结). Some even try to write and draw in the Chinese way!
People want to learn Chinese because China is becoming such an important country. Foreign countries want to understand China better to help them with business. The Chinese government is also helping the world learn Chinese. It has sent more than 200 Chinese teachers to more than 60 countries in the world. Many more Confucius Institutes (孔子学院) will be set up in the world. These institutes will teach Chinese to foreign students.
1. Which of the following is the topic sentence for the text?A.Chinese has become popular among foreign kids. |
B.Chinese can be more difficult to learn. |
C.In America, Chinese is the second most popular foreign language after Spanish. |
D.Students learn to make jiaozi and tie Chinese knots. |
A.China. | B.America. | C.Korea. | D.Spain. |
A.making jiaozi |
B.writing and drawing in the Chinese way |
C.tying Chinese knots |
D.singing Chinese songs |
A.Because Chinese is getting more important in their schools. |
B.Because Chinese characters have too many strokes. |
C.Because the number of people learning Chinese will be 800 million. |
D.Because China is becoming more and more important in the world. |
2 . In the not-too-distant future, driverless cars will drive our streets. These cars will need to make quick decisions to avoid endangering human lives — both inside and outside of the cars.
To determine attitudes toward these decisions, a group of researchers created a modern version of the classic exercise known as “the Trolley problem”. They raised a series of moral dilemmas (道德困境) involving as elf-driving car with brakes (刹车) that suddenly give out. Should the car change direction to avoid a group of passers-by, killing the driver? Or should it kill the people on foot but spare the driver? Does it matter if the passers by are men or women? Children or older people? Doctors or murderers?
To put these questions to a large range of people, the researchers built a website called Moral Machine, where anyone could click through the situations and say what the car should do “Help us learn how to make machines moral,” a video asks on the site.
What the researchers found was a series of near universal preferences, no matter where someone was from. People everywhere believed the moral thing for the car to do was to spare the young over the old, spare humans over animals, and spare the lives of many over the few. The in findings were published Wednesday in the journal.
Researchers found that the 130 countries with more than 100 respondents (调查对象) could be grouped into three groups that showed similar moral preferences. And these preference seemed to be connected with social differences. Respondents from collectivistic cultures, which “value the respect for older members of the community,” showed a weaker preference for sparing younger people.
The researchers noted that the study’s results should be used with extreme carefulness and they shouldn’t be considered the final word on societal preferences — especially since these respondents were much fewer than they had expected.
1. What give(s) rise to the questions in paragraph 2?A.The researchers’ attitudes. | B.The driver’s hard decision. |
C.The self-driving car’s power cut. | D.The driverless car’s brake failure |
A.Their living habits | B.Their family members. |
C.Their cultural background. | D.Their educational background. |
A.The difficult questions. | B.The limited questions. |
C.The small number of respondents. | D.The careless respondents. |
A.The New Self-driving Cars | B.The New “Trolley Problem” |
C.Should Car Drivers Be Moral? | D.Does Moral Preference Matter? |
3 . The whole world knows them: actors, singers, models, athletes and TV personalities. If I use social media, I get too familiar.
I have nothing against the entertainment industry and celebrities. The problem is that by idolizing the entertainment industry so much, we sometimes completely forget about the things that are truly important and that are changing our world. You probably know who Leonardo DiCaprio is—a very talented American actor and film producer. But then you probably don’t know who Cori Bargmann is. Bargmann is a scientist who is uncovering the causes of Alzheimer’s and autism, which have been unknown for years.
What I think is wrong is that DiCaprio’s net worth is $260 million dollars, while Bargmann’s is less than $l million dollars. DiCaprio is definitely talented and has worked hard to give us good films, but Bargmann is working for something that can save thousands of humans who are suffering. And just because our society prefers to idolize the entertainment industry instead of science, she gets paid much less than she deserves.
But if it would benefit the world to invest all of our time and attention toward scientists, why don’t we make scientists our new “celebrities”?
First of all, we like being entertained. We love pretty faces and easy-to-digest information. It’s easier to care about simple stuff rather than scientific, complicated things. Another reason is that most scientists don’t like being in the spotlight. They’ re mostly reserved and like to have privacy. They’ re busy people, which explains why they haven’t attracted the media the same way that performers have. Also, people have free will and the right to be interested in whatever they want to be.
However, studies have shown that young people are more interested in a scientific career as a result of COVID-19. The pandemic has also made known some scientists who have suddenly started appearing on TV and guiding us on how to get protected from this deadly virus. Maybe that is the start of the development of a different point of view which will be in favor of science for future generations.
1. Why does the author mention Leonardo DiCaprio and Cori Bargmann?A.To introduce the topic. | B.To give an example. |
C.To offer a definition. | D.To propose a solution. |
A.Scientists get paid much less than actors. |
B.People are busy choosing what they like. |
C.Scientists don’t feel like being paid attention to. |
D.People prefer entertainment to complex science. |
A.Studies make scientists known and accepted by the masses. |
B.Young people want to change their jobs because of the pandemic. |
C.People are attracted to science and scientists during a special time. |
D.Most scientists gradually become willing to show up in public light. |
A.Objective. | B.Favorable. |
C.Prejudiced. | D.Indifferent. |
4 . Pang Hui placed a few more pairs of chopsticks on the table for a family dinner, though she did not expect her big family of seven would use them as serving chopsticks.
Surprisingly, her 75-year-old father, who used to shrug off the idea of serving chopsticks, became a firm supporter this time, said Pang, 40, from Beihai, a coastal city of South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Chinese people often share dishes, and diners use their own chopsticks to serve themselves food from the shared dishes, a tradition now being challenged by the outbreak of COVID-19.
“We feel a sense of crisis as well as the urge to desert our old habits when we see reports of family infections,” Pang said, pointing to the reports of the virus spreading via droplets and close contact.
Local governments are helping to encourage a shift, too. On Feb.13, 2020, local authorities of Beihai started a campaign promoting serving chopsticks and spoons, which will avoid cross-infection caused by the use of personal chopsticks.
Similar measures were also adopted in other cities like Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Taizhou city in East China’s Jiangsu Province even standardized the colors of serving chopsticks and spoons to help diners differentiate (区分) them from personal ones.
The practice of eating wild animals has been targeted by the government, which remains present in certain areas.
China stopped the illegal trading and transportation of wild animals shortly after the outbreak. The move became a permanent ban on Feb.2, 2020, when the country made a decision on thoroughly prohibiting (禁止) the illegal trading of wildlife and the consumption of wild animals.
Li Bo, with the Hainan International Center for Wildlife Protection, said wild animal consumption could lead to the faster extinction of particular species, damage the ecological balance and harm people’s health.
“The epidemic (流行病) could become a turning point to eliminate the bad habit.” Li said.
1. What can we learn about Pang Hui’s family from the text?A.There are usually more than seven people dining together. |
B.They have started to use serving chopsticks at table. |
C.Pang Hui’s father opposes using serving chopsticks. |
D.They don’t know how to avoid being infected by the virus. |
A.Sharing dishes has been abandoned. |
B.Cross-infection has been prevented. |
C.Eating wild animals has been forbidden. |
D.Standard personal chopsticks have been adopted. |
A.Shanghai standardized the colors of serving chopsticks and spoons. |
B.The practice of eating wild animals still exists in some areas. |
C.China stopped the illegal trading and transportation of wild animals shortly before the outbreak. |
D.Wild animal consumption isn’t harmful to ecological balance and people’s health. |
A.Serving Chopsticks Promoted |
B.Ways to Help People Stay Healthy |
C.The Outbreak of COVID-19 Leads to Change |
D.China Bans Trading of Wildlife |
5 . “Girls are weak, and boys are strong. This is what is being subconsciously communicated to hundreds of millions of young boys and girls all over the world, just like it was with me,” said American actor Justin Baldoni. As a boy, all he wanted was to be accepted by other people. That acceptance meant he had to pretend to be strong when he was weak, confident when he felt insecure, and tough when he was actually hurting.
Is that a healthy lifestyle? A member of the CPPCC Standing Committee might say “yes”. In his proposal, he spoke of a need to “prevent the feminization of male youths”. In response to his call, China’s Ministry of Education has recently demanded that schools should hire more physical education teachers and improve teaching methods to cultivate masculinity in students.
The response has been widely debated online, with many people saying that it reinforces gender stereotypes. The state broadcaster CCTV wrote on its Weibo account, “Education is not simply about cultivating men and women. It’s more important to develop a willingness to take responsibility.” You might be wondering now: What is masculinity, and why is this so controversial?
Well, by itself, “masculinity” refers to the qualities traditionally considered to be typical of men. While there is not really a single “correct” set of qualities, the term is often associated with strength, courage, assertiveness, and emotional control. Sometimes, however, these seemingly admirable qualities can be extended in unrealistic ways. But boys are also human. Blindly asking them to control their feelings “like a man” can only increase their stress when they grow up.
As an educator who has spent years teaching in China, I agree that attaching more importance to physical education would definitely benefit students. Sports provide opportunities for physical fitness. More importantly, they can help develop lifelong skills, such as leadership and communication skills. However, putting the emphasis on masculinity is far from a sound reason for which to do so.
It is unnecessary for all boys to build up their muscles, but it is essential that they all learn how to be strong inside. It is also fine for boys to cry and to show their weakness. Schools should work on equipping students with the skills and values they will need to be successful in life, not reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity borrowed from a bygone age.
1. The underlined expression “masculinity” in Paragraph 2 most probably means “________”A.manly qualities | B.potential abilities |
C.self-centredness | D.steady strength |
A.It is necessary to prevent the feminization of male youths. |
B.Physical education should be paid more attention to. |
C.We should teach students according to their individual qualities. |
D.Importance should be attached to developing students’ sense of responsibility. |
A.Masculinity is out of date. |
B.Masculinity is overstated. |
C.Masculinity shows physical strength. |
D.Masculinity only focuses on physical fitness. |
A.We should do everything we can to guarantee students’ health. |
B.Schools should differentiate between boys and girls while educating them. |
C.It is important to prepare students with necessary skills and right values. |
D.It is time to weaken stereotypes of masculinity. |
6 . What is citizen science? Citizen science generally involves groups of people or amateur scientists helping gather data for use in nature or wildlife studies to support conservation. So whether you give your time online, or sign up for a practical project with a wildlife or nature organization close to home, your generosity and kindness will not only help nature, but do you the world of good as well.
When we give we feel good. We experience what scientists describe as the’ warm glow effect’or ‘helper’s high’, now known to be caused by a release of endorphins(内啡肽) in the brain. Research into this effect discovered that giving to charities activates the areas of the brain associated with pleasure, social connection and trust.Put simply,altruism(利他行为)is a proven path to good mental health.
When our altruism is related to nature, and in particular when we give our time and effort, the rewards for our well being, or our health and happiness, are far-reaching. Whether we’re working to maintain freshwater ponds at the weekend, or contributing to a citizen science survey by monitoring wildlife in our back garden, our care and kindness has the power to lift our mood and strengthen our self-respect, especially when we learn new skills and earn the added satisfaction of accomplishing new tasks.
The hands-on aspect of taking part in nature and wildlife conservation projects has also been shown to reduce stress, anxiety and low mood. In 2020 a three-year study by the uk Wildlife Trusts found that 95 percent of participants who reported low mental well-being at the start of volunteering, recorded an improvement in their mental health after six weeks, which increased further after 12 weeks.
Alan Murray, head of volunteering at the RSPB, also agrees: “We believe our volunteers keep coming back because of nature’s power to restore, uplift and inspire and we’re confident that the more time people spend connecting with wildlife the more they feel moved to protect it."
1. We feel good when giving most probably due to ________.A.warm glow. | B.altruism |
C.endorphins. | D.anxiety |
A.If you are an amateur scientist spending time online, you are conducting citizen science |
B.Participants of nature conservation projects are likely to experience better mental health |
C.Amateur scientists worked with some organizations close to their homes |
D.When our altruism is related to nature, our health and happiness are hard to reach |
A.To acknowledge the great power of nature. |
B.To emphasis the significance of wildlife preservation |
C.To encourage people to sign up for big projects. |
D.To inform readers of a new concept and its advantage |
A.Favorable. | B.Disapproving |
C.Skeptical. | D.Concerned. |
7 . Every minute, every hour, every day, we are losing precious time to our devices (设备).Technology has taken over much of our lives,especially over the last two years as school and work went online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
If you feel an urge to jump on social media or scroll websites when you have a few spare minutes, don’t feel bad. This is normal.
Another great way to help reduce the desire to check your device is to turn off notifications (通 知).In the 1890s, Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov conducted experiments to measure the build-up of saliva (唾液) in the mouths of dogs under a variety of conditions. Like the dogs in the experiments, people are conditioned to respond each time they hear a ping.
As the saying goes, out of sight, out of mind.
A.Is it possible to get back the time you have lost? |
B.Today many people spend much time on electronic devices. |
C.One way to manage your time is to control how you spend it. |
D.Here are some ways to reduce the desire to check your device. |
E.This is also a helpful reminder to keep you away from your device. |
F.You can avoid this trap by listing things you can do when you are free. |
G.By removing the notifications, you remove the reminder to check your device. |
8 . They are drawing the attention of the world. They bear the responsibility to shape our future. Who are they? They are the young generation who were born after 2000.
This year, several young athletes have shone brightly at the Beijing Winter Olympics, giving the public a glimpse of their generation’s nature.
Obviously, the young generation is filled with “brave warriors” who want to challenge impossibilities and push boundaries. Freestyle skier Gu Ailing is a good example. After she finished strong in the first two jumps in the women’s freeski big air event, it was certain that she could get a medal. But instead of playing it safe, the 18-year-old skier pushed herself to the limit. On the last jump, Gu decided to attempt a difficult trick: a left double cork 1620—four and a half rotations in the air—before landing.
“I have never done the ‘left 16’ before,” Gu told China Daily, “but I felt it was a chance to push myself to the limit.”
For the young athletes, the sport is never just about scores, but also about having as much fun as possible.
Born in the US, Gu faced criticism and doubts for representing China in the Beijing Winter Olympics. When questioned by The Guardian at a news conference on Feb. 8, the “post-00” said boldly that she wasn’t trying to make everyone happy. “I’m an 18-year-old girl out here living my best life. I’m having a great time,’’ Gu said. “It doesn’t really matter if other people are happy or not, because I feel I’m doing my best and I’m enjoying the entire process.”
Gu’s good friend, Chinese snowboarder Su Yiming also shares a similar attitude. He takes sports as a way to have fun.
After he was judged to have lost the gold to Canadian athlete Max Parrot in the men’s slope-style final, the 17-year-old didn’t feel upset. Instead, he was happy to have the chance to compete with his idol.
“When I was on the podium hugging Max Parrot, it felt unreal,” Su told China Daily. “All I did today was enjoying the runs and concentrating on my tricks. As long as I am on my snowboard I am happy.”
This is young generation that dares to push the limits but also enjoys life.
1. Why did Gu Ailing attempt a more difficult trick in the last jump?A.To win a gold medal. | B.To inspire the “post-00”. |
C.To challenge her potential. | D.To have fun in the process. |
A.They don’t care what others think. |
B.Sport is to push one to the limit and have fun. |
C.They compete for medals to the best of their ability. |
D.They are extremely accustomed to challenging difficult tricks. |
A.Gu’s last jump has proved “practice makes perfect”. |
B.Su lost his gold medal due to his poor performance. |
C.Gu Ailing was criticized because she couldn’t make everyone happy. |
D.The new understanding of sports from the “post-00”appeals to the public. |
A.Just Have Fun in Sports | B.Gold Medals Don’t Matter |
C.Winning Big in Life And Sports | D.Gu&.Su— Idols of the “Post-00” |
9 . Sun Ruifeng, a mother in Beijing, changed some of her plans for her 8-year-old son’s summer vacation. She looked for an English tutoring course, but in the end, she changed it to a swimming training class. “Due to the stricter regulations (章程) on subject-tutoring classes, many parents like me choose sports or other projects for developing interests instead,” Sun said.
Sun’s choice is part of the result of the government’s growing efforts to lighten the academic pressure on young students. On July 24, Chinese authorities introduced a guideline to ease the burden of too much homework and off-campus tutoring for primary and junior high school students. It lists requirements in areas such as reducing the amount and the difficulty of homework and improving the quality of education and after-class services provided by schools. For example, homework for children below the third grade is not allowed, while homework for junior high school students should take no longer than 90 minutes to finish.
According to the guideline, tutoring institutions (辅导机构) cannot teach students content that is too advanced for the school curriculum (课程). No tutoring courses can be taught on weekends, national holidays or during winter and summer vacations. The moves aim to bring education back as public welfare and guide the educational training industry to focus on improving students’ all-round quality, Chen Xianzhe, a professor at South China Normal University, told Xinhua.
According to Global Times, more than 75 percent of Chinese urban children, from grade 1 to grade 12, are enrolled (报名参加) in tutoring programs. However, some training institutions take part in anxiety marketing, selling unnecessary programs that increase the burden on students. This has led to many social problems such as students’ falling levels of physical fitness, more mental health problems and huge family costs, said Chu Zhaohui, a senior researcher with the National Institute of Education Sciences.
Many parents showed their support for the new moves. “Subject learning is enough at school and we hope to improve the children’s overall quality of life during holidays,” a parent in Guangzhou told Xinhua. However, there are also some concerns. Another parent in Shanxi said that although she agreed with the new moves, she worried about what her son would do after school if both parents have no time to be with him.
According to the guideline, primary and middle schools are asked to offer after school services, including homework tutoring, sports, arts, reading and interest groups.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?A.To introduce a topic. | B.To explain a reason. |
C.To give an example. | D.To make a suggestion. |
A.Her concern for her son’s health. |
B.Schools’ reduced requirements for grades. |
C.Her son’ passion for after-school activities. |
D.The government’s effort to reduce academic pressure. |
A.Design courses intended for students’ all-round quality. |
B.Provide tutoring programs increasing students’ pressure. |
C.Teach students content far ahead of the school schedule. |
D.Offer students courses on weekends and summer vacation. |
A.Some families will not spend money educating their children. |
B.The subjects in school will be more popular among students. |
C.Students will be physically and mentally healthier than before. |
D.Parents won’t be worried about their kids’ academic performances. |
10 . Happiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).
To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.
On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions.
"The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."
Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.
1. Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?A.Calculating students' happiness. |
B.Asking students certain questions. |
C.Analyzing data from a survey. |
D.Doing experiments on screen time. |
A.By making a comparison. |
B.By giving an example. |
C.By making an argument. |
D.By introducing a concept. |
A.To draw a conclusion from the study. |
B.To offer some advice to the readers. |
C.To prove social activities' importance. |
D.To support the researchers' finding. |
A.Quitting Phones Equals Happiness |
B.Screen Time Should Be Banned |
C.Teens' Lives Have Changed Sharply |
D.Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier |