1 . At around 10 pm, Jane got off the train at Bell port, New York. She jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute
As it happened, Peter, a volunteer firefighter and retired teacher, was getting ready for
He first came upon a(n)
Peter rushed to Jane’s car and
“You are on the railroad tracks,” Peter yelled. “I have to get you off right now!” He
Jane recalled the
| A．lift | B．drive | C．ride | D．tour |
| A．familiar | B．satisfied | C．bored | D．disappointed |
| A．placing | B．forcing | C．adjusting | D．swinging |
| A．attached to | B．connected to | C．stuck in | D．caught in |
| A．failure | B．change | C．barrier | D．crash |
| A．bed | B．dinner | C．work | D．exercise |
| A．slight | B．deep | C．sharp | D．faint |
| A．parked | B．abandoned | C．disabled | D．used |
| A．acknowledging | B．concluding | C．announcing | D．predicting |
| A．indicated | B．tapped | C．seized | D．spotted |
| A．revealing | B．implying | C．detecting | D．signaling |
| A．struck | B．revolve | C．removed | D．rolled |
| A．rounding | B．unfocused | C．closed | D．widening |
| A．idea | B．impression | C．sense | D．knowledge |
| A．seized | B．fixed | C．controlled | D．pulled |
| A．passing away | B．pulling over | C．thundering up | D．slowing down |
| A．threw | B．pushed | C．kept | D．held |
| A．appropriately | B．constantly | C．instantly | D．skillfully |
| A．seat | B．track | C．box | D．car |
| A．heart-breaking | B．life-saving | C．soul-stirring | D．eye-opening |
1.陈述问题；
2.解决问题的方法。
注意：1.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2.词数不少于100。
My Opinion on Smartphone Addiction Among Teenagers
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3 . Many of us like to eat out and treat ourselves to delicious food. We are used to choosing hearty (丰盛的), fat-filled dishes and sugary desserts, which are not easily cooked at home.
The recent rise of light meals, however, gives us a smarter choice. According to Economic Daily, low-calorie, low-fat and high-fibre meals have become popular in China’s restaurants and online delivery plat-forms.
The country saw a rapid increase of restaurants concentrating on light meals, from just 600 in 2017 to more than 3,500 in 2018. According to a report published by Meituan, a major online food delivery plat-form, the number of light meals ordered online also rose 75 percent from the previous year.
Having a light meal, however, doesn’t mean eating only vegetables. Different from the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avoids oily, salty and spicy food. Instead, it contains things like boiled meat, whole grains, fruits and vegetables. Healthy nutrients (营养物) are the theme of the light meal.
These dishes are useful for keeping healthy and controlling your weight. That’s probably why so many people, especially the youths are into them. They see it as “a great way to avoid getting fat,” wrote the Telegraph.
“After eating several light meals, I now prefer light flavours,” Zou Jing, a college teacher in Wuhan, told China Daily. She shared a picture of her lunch: a mixture of beef, eggs, corn, mushrooms and cherry tomatoes.
These changes in eating behaviour are connected to deeper changes in how people think about food, says Walter Willett, chairman of the nutrition department at the Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health, US. “Diet quality, not quantity, is important for both weight control and long-term well-being,” Willett told The New York Times.
So the next time you have a party with friends, try a light meal. It will satisfy not only your stomachs but maybe also your hearts.
1. What are light meals?| A．Fat-filled dishes. | B．Low-calorie and high-fibre meals. |
| C．Sugary desserts. | D．Meat free dishes. |
| A．Listing numbers. | B．Giving examples. |
| C．Giving descriptions. | D．Showing other people’s opinions. |
| A．They are usually colourful. |
| B．They are simple and convenient. |
| C．They can help people control their weight. |
| D．They are cheaper than other meals. |
| A．Light meals will stay popular for a while. |
| B．One’s eating habit shows their personality. |
| C．It’s important to eat the right amount of good food. |
| D．There is a change in attitude toward healthy eating. |
1. 减少对电子产品的依赖；
2. 养成练书法的习惯。
注意: 1. 词数100 左右；
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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5 . The entire country struggled with the unprecedented heat of the July 2022 heatwave, but for the disabled, the heat hit even harder. The climate crisis is a threat to everyone’s health, but according to a report in 2021, people with disabilities are more delicate to the extreme weather events and natural disasters that result from the climate crisis.
Professor Kristie Ebi of the Centre for Health and the Global at the University of Washington, described the topic of heatwaves and disabled people as being an important issue. “Groups at higher risk during periods of high temperature include people with chronic (慢性的) medical conditions, people who take certain medications that can reduce the ability of the body to sweat, and the “disabled”, notes Ebi, going on to describe the different threats that heatwaves pose for different types of disabilities. Ebi notes the difficulty people with mobility issues or blindness may have with accessing services, such as cooling shelters, Ebi also comments on the importance of making messaging on the dangers of high temperatures accessible to those with learning disabilities or to deaf people. “Some studies suggest higher rates of suicide and other mental health issues during heatwaves, requiring targeted help for those with mental disabilities,” she added.
Ailsa Speak, a disability and lifestyle blogger, experiences uncontrollable movements in the heat due to her cerebral palsy (脑瘫). “As you can imagine, when my involuntary movements increase, I get even hotter. It’s just a painful circle really.”
In the absence of a concrete set of plans for people with disabilities during the climate crisis and extreme weather events, people with disabilities continue to be at increased risk of heat-related disease.
To prevent future death and destruction, the Climate Change Committee (CCC), an independent organization tackling climate change, advocates for adaptation planning, as the temperature is set to rise further due to the climate crisis and global warming. The CCC’s 2022 report on the health risks of overheating offers adaptation options to the government to ensure that buildings are fit for future climate change. Nevertheless, the publication does not offer specific advice about people with disabilities and overheating, which thus remains to be discussed promptly and thoroughly.
1. Which of the following would Professor Ebi most probably agree with?| A．Heatwaves make people with chronic diseases suffer most |
| B．The mentally disabled have no access to cooling shelter |
| C．Mobility disability contributes to higher risk of suicide in the heatwaves |
| D．Some disabled people are ill-informed about the risks of heatwaves |
| A．To share a disabled blogger’s painful life |
| B．To show what a terrible disease cerebral palsy is |
| C．To illustrate the trouble the disabled have in the heat |
| D．To prove the never-before-seen highs in temperature |
| A．suggest methods of helping the disabled in heatwaves |
| B．stress the urgent need to care for the disabled in the heat |
| C．tell readers how severe the July 2022 heatwave was |
| D．introduce adaptation alternatives for future buildings |
| A．The newspaper. | B．A fiction novel | C．A biography | D．A chemical paper |
1. Where is Mr Griffin?
| A．In the meeting room. | B．In his office. | C．In the hospital. |
| A．He has an accident. | B．He has to repair his car. | C．He has to send a girl to hospital. |
| A．Friday. | B．Thursday. | C．Wednesday. |
7 . Food companies engineer junk food to make it addictive. They label their products to make them seem much healthier than they are. And their advertisements target children.
All of this is according to a news report read recently by students in a Texas middle school. They were taking part in an experiment run by the University of Chicago and the University of Texas. Researchers had students learn about food-industry advertising strategies. They wanted to know if learning about them would change how kids feel about junk food. All over the world, kids are eating more foods that are high in salt, sugar, and fat. That is partly the result of clever ads that make junk food attractive. Companies use varying strategies. An ad with cartoon characters may make cereal seem fun to eat. A professional athlete enjoying a sugary drink may make it look cool. Advertisers know that if kids want a product, they’ll beg their parents to buy it.
Christopher J. Bryan led the study. He says that when kids question the motives behind junk-food ads, they feel like they’re fighting injustice. “The reward is knowing you’re doing the right thing,” he says. In the Texas study, Bryan had students view ads on an iPad. Their job was to write or draw on the screen, to make each ad’s message true. For example, a McDonald’s ad showed a Big Mac and the words. “The thing you want when you order salad.” To the end of the sentence, a student added “should be salad.”
The results of Bryan’s Texas study were published in April. They showed that three months after analyzing ads, students were still choosing healthier snacks: milk instead of sugary juices, fruit over cookies. “Kids are becoming aware of themselves as agents in the world,” Bryan says. “They see a chance to make the world a better place.”
1. What are the researchers trying to do with this experiment?| A．To teach kids to design unreal ads. | B．To help kids to perform better at school. |
| C．To draw public attention to kids’ education. | D．To change the way kids think about junk food. |
| A．They sell their products at a discount. | B．They use various attractive advertising. |
| C．They try to influence kids’ parents. | D．They increase the quantity of their products. |
| A．By correcting unreal advertisements. | B．By offering suggestions to food industry. |
| C．By making up their own advertisements. | D．By studying industry advertising strategies. |
| A．Indifferent. | B．Neutral. | C．Satisfied. | D．Critical. |
8 . I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling(叛逆). I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another’s hands for reassurance.
They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. Then set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up with listening to the same record together. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that many people are doing it. They have come out of their cocoon into a larger cocoon.
It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be.
And many of today’s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.
But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share with your classmates at once, well, go to it. Find yourself. Popularity will come with the people who respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts.
1. In this passage, who does the author wants to tell?| A．teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves. |
| B．readers how to be popular with people around. |
| C．parents how to control and guide their children. |
| D．people how to understand and respect each other. |
| A．lack confidence |
| B．are much afraid of getting lost |
| C．dare not deal with problems single-handed |
| D．have much difficulty understanding each other |
| A．Convincing. | B．Influential. | C．Advanced. | D．Amazing. |
| A．Find one’s real self. |
| B．Differ from others in as many ways as possible. |
| C．Get into the right reason and become popular. |
| D．Rebel against parents and the popularity wave. |
9 . Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO₂ emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man, The loss of glaciers there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000 m³of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation arc happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—cither by growing new produce or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
1. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?| A．The project receives government support. |
| B．Different organizations work with each other. |
| C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation. |
| D．The project connects flooded roads and highways. |
| A．Storing ice for future use. | B．Protecting the glaciers from melting. |
| C．Changing the irrigation time. | D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers. |
| A．White paint is usually safe for buildings. |
| B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped. |
| C．This country is heating up too quickly. |
| D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming. |
| A．adapt to carbon pollution | B．plant highly profitable crops |
| C．leave carbon emission alone | D．fight against carbon pollution |
| A．Setting up a new standard. | B．Reducing carbon emission. |
| C．Adapting to climate change. | D．Monitoring polluting industries. |
10 . Over the last 60 years, the size of farm machinery has been increasing. For example, from 1958 to 2020, the typical weight of a fully loaded combine harvester for corn or wheat increased nearly ten times.
In a way, it’s fantastic if you see how much we can harvest in a certain amount of time today and how long it would have taken us 60 years ago. Some wheat harvesters, for example, can clear 30 acres in an hour. That incredible efficiency enables about 5 percent of the world’s population to feed the other 95 percent.
But it is at the soil’s expense. One recent study reported that soil compaction (土壤板结) from heavy machines has reduced yields in some fields by as much as 50 percent. If current trends continue, it may eventually reduce global crop production by as much as 20 percent.
“Healthy soil is alive. A teaspoon of garden soil might hold a billion bacteria and networks of air pockets. Heavy farm machinery squeezes the life out of that rich soil by compacting it at depths of a foot or more, lowering oxygen levels and destroying the life that creates the basis for healthy soil. Once damaged, heavily compacted soil can take decades to recover, if it recovers at all.” says Paul Hallett, a soil physicist at the University of Aberdeen, in Scotland.
Farm machinery makers have tried to limit the impact on the soil by equipping heavy vehicles with fatter tires, which distribute the load more widely and keep the vehicles from sinking too deeply into the soil surface. “But if you have a heavier load, the stress decreases less quickly with depth.” says Paul Hallett. “It is a bit like the way tall chimneys on a power plant spread air pollution far downwind.”
1. What does the author think of the heavy farm vehicles?| A．They are environment-friendly. | B．They will go out of style very quickly. |
| C．They do much harm to the soil. | D．They can help increase crop production. |
| A．Decreased crop production. | B．Soil with abundant air pockets. |
| C．Lack of bacteria in the fields. | D．Lower oxygen levels in the soil. |
| A．It is a very good idea to spread air pollution downwind. |
| B．Vehicles with fatter tires will be less harmful to the soil. |
| C．Heavy farm machines with fatter tires just spread the stress. |
| D．More effective measures have to be adopted to cut pollution. |
| A．We have to strike a balance between efficiency and damage. |
| B．It’s fantastic to use more and more advanced farm machinery. |
| C．It is high time that we let the damaged soil recover slowly. |
| D．We can’t produce enough food to feed the world’s population. |
