1 . Researchers from University of Southern California (USC) may have found the biggest influencer in the spread of fake news: social platforms’ structure of rewarding users for habitually sharing information. The study involved 2,476 active Facebook users ranging in age from 18 to 89. They were asked to complete a decision-making survey about seven minutes long.
Surprisingly, the researchers found that users’ social media habits are closely related to the amount of fake news they shared. Frequent and habitual users spread six times more fake news than occasional or new users. Just 15% of the most habitual news sharers in the research were responsible for spreading about 30% to 40% of the fake news. Users’ habits were more influential in sharing fake news than other factors, including lack of critical reasoning.
The research team wondered: What motivates these users? As it turns out, much like any video game, social media has a reward system that encourages users to stay on their accounts and keep posting and sharing.
Users who post and share frequently, especially eye-catching information, are likely to attract attention. Due to the reward system of social media, users form habits of sharing information that gets recognition from others automatically, without considering consequences such as spreading misinformation.
Then, the team tested whether social media reward structures could be designed to promote sharing of true over false information. They found that incentives (鼓励) for accuracy rather than popularity doubled the amount of accurate news that users share on social platforms.
“We know from previous research that some people don’t process information critically, which influences their ability to recognize false stories online,” said Gizem Ceylan, who led the team. “However, our new study shows that the reward structure of social media platforms plays a bigger role when it comes to misinformation spread.”
1. What does the USC research mainly focus on concerning social media?| A．Its reward system. | B．The users’ age group. |
| C．Its attraction to users. | D．The reason fake news spreads on it. |
| A．A new user. | B．A heavy user. |
| C．An occasional user. | D．An uneducated user. |
| A．The popularity of their posts. |
| B．The easy access to information. |
| C．The encouragement from other users. |
| D．The immediate money reward from the platform. |
| A．Sharing of misinformation is unavoidable. |
| B．People shouldn’t use social media frequently. |
| C．Lack of critical reasoning is a common problem. |
| D．Social media reward structures should be improved. |
1. What was the woman doing when she heard a noise?
| A．She was doing the dishes. |
| B．She was polishing the table. |
| C．She was cleaning the living room. |
| A．A police officer. | B．The woman’s husband. | C．The woman’s neighbor. |
| A．In the early morning. | B．Around noon. | C．In the evening. |
| A．He was bitten by a horse. |
| B．He was bitten by a dog. |
| C．He lost his horse. |
Maisie and her car
Maisie usually goes swimming every morning before she goes to work. She leaves home at 5:30 am and drives to the swimming pool. She swims for an hour, and then hurries home for a shower and breakfast before she leaves for work at 8 am.
One Thursday morning, Maisie drove to the swimming pool as usual. She did not feel happy because she had a quarrel (争吵) on the phone with a co-worker the night before. She was still thinking about it and feeling so depressed that she did not want to go to work.
“Swimming may make me feel better. Come on,” Maisie said to herself. She parked the car opposite the sports center, took her sports bag from the back seat and walked to the building, forgetting to put on the handbrake (手刹).
While Maisie was swimming, a strong wind came and the car started to move. Very, very slowly the car moved out of the car park and across the road. It was early morning so the road was empty. There were no people walking around and no other cars on the road.
A few moments later, there was a sudden announcement on the loud speaker system. “Is the owner of a white Honda, number plate XJY436, in the pool?”
“XJY436! That’s my car,” thought Maisie. She swam to the side of the pool and climbed out. A lifeguard was standing next to the pool. Maisie ran up to him. ”That’s my car, “she said.” Did I leave the lights On? “No,” said the lifeguard, laughing. “Come and see.” Maisie followed the lifeguard out to the entrance of the sports center. “Look!” said the lifeguard when he pointed to the big entrance door. “Oh, no!” shouted Maisie. Her car was in the doorway. It was half inside the building and half outside. No one could go in or out of the sports center.
注意：1续写词数应为 150左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Do you have your car key?” asked the lifeguard.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Maisie’s entire face instantly turned red.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 . Humanities departments (人文院系) in America are once again being cut down. Earlier this month, the State University of New York (SUNY) Stony Brook announced a plan to abandon several of the college’s wel;-known departments for budgetary(预算的) reasons. The University of Pittsburgh has cut its German and classics.
I don’t believe that the humanities can make you a decent person.
| A．These subjects are under attack. |
| B．Three doctoral (博士的) program would be cancelled. |
| C．Defenses of the humanities have appeared. |
| D．This problem has also arisen internationally. |
| E．Therefore, courses in the humanities are beneficial. |
| F．They help us learn how to think, and they equip us to live in a harmonious society. |
| G．But they can focus on and expand our sense of what humans can accomplish and create. |
1. What did the man use last weekend?
| A．A shared bike. | B．A shared charger. | C．A shared umbrella. |
| A．The proper ways to use the sharing product. |
| B．Her attitude towards the sharing economy. |
| C．The advantages of the sharing economy. |
The buzzwords (时髦术语) “brittle college students” have gone viral on the Internet recently among mounting concerns over
Such comments have caused heated discussions over the declining physical
“These young people were mainly diagnosed (诊断) with trauma, abdominal pain, chest tightness, hyperventilation, acute alcoholism, and cholecystitis. Most cases were caused by
A report pointed out that unhealthy lifestyle is common
| A．The red one. | B．The black one. | C．The white one. |
People from all over China have crowded into Zibo city in recent months, expecting to have
Since the Zibo barbecues were in the news
The arrival of tourists has boosted Zibo’s economy, advertising a kind of success
1. How does the man react to his daughter’s smoking?
| A．He does his best to stop her smoking. |
| B．He doesn’t care about it at all. |
| C．He doesn’t know what to do. |
| A．To be in good shape. |
| B．To become a model or an actress. |
| C．To ask for more attention from her parents. |
| A．Smoking advertisements should be banned. |
| B．Disciplines related to smoking should be established. |
| C．Teenagers should refuse to see the movies about smoking. |
