1 . Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.

Old Folks Struggle With New Technology

Fang is a bright, lively,82-year-old woman from Beijing who is learning to use smartphone…but it’s been a struggle. “Technology advances so fast that     1     is supposed to make life easier is instead creating problems for us old people,” she says.

Fang grew up in a simpler age     2     you had to actually leave your house to shop,buy a train ticket or make a doctor’s appointment. Now all of these things     3     be done with a smartphone and,in some cases,only with a smartphone. Recently an elderly man in Dalian was unable to travel on the subway because     4     (enter) the subway,he had to have his QR health code scanned. “What is a Qrcode?” the man asked. “I have money to buy a ticket,why do I need a smartphone?” Admittedly, It is     5     criticism that senior citizens do not always carry a smartphone with them. In the end, he left the station,confused and embarrassed.

I can certainly sympathize with Fang and the man from Dalian.They have spent their almost entire lives contributing to society and now they feel     6    (exclude) from that society. Fortunately,some college students volunteer to teach the elderly how to use smartphones. However,teaching old folks about smartphones is only one part of the problem.

Many older people have physical and health issues. Poor eyesight makes it almost impossible     7     ( read）on small screens. And “leathery fingers”,the fingers     8    （sensitive）,make it hard to use touchscreens. Perhaps these are problems that smartphone makers should try to resolve.

New solutions are going to be needed to make sure that the elderly     9     (not leave) behind the rest of society. If you have grandparents, or know some elderly people, lend a helping hand to them when they need it. And remember to be patient. New technology young people take for granted is not so much a great convenience     10     a bitter struggle for the elderly.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Young Chinese are rebelling against society through a simple act of resistance: lying down. Examples of the tangping, or “lying flat”, way of life     1     (include) not getting married, not having children, and refusing to work extra hours or to hold a job at all. “I stay at home and sleep and watch television series.Sometimes I go out for walks, read books and just think a lot,” said Daisy Zhang, 28, who described herself as “lying flat” for the last two weeks     2     leaving her job in the film industry in Wuxi.

Tangping     3    (emerge)over the last few months as the rallying call of Chinese millennials who have had enough of the rat race. Some compare them to the 1950s Beat Generation in the United States.     4     call their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or “ideological emancipation” from consumerism. Supporters portray it as a rejection of struggle and endless striving. Critics say it is defeatist.

“People realize there is no upward mobility,” said Yicheng Wang, a PhD student in political science at Boston University,     5    studies propaganda and popular discourse. It’s a negative acceptance: “My life is like this. It will always be like this.”

The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum where the author, unemployed for the last two years, described a low-effort, low-cost lifestyle that consisted of working just a few months out of the year.

“Lying flat is my sophistic movement,” he wrote, referring to the Greek philosopher Diogenes, who was known for living in a barrel. He posted a picture of himself lying in bed in the middle of the day with the curtains     6     (draw).

In the following weeks, a “lying flat” group on the online forum Douban surged to 9,000 members. Internet users identified themselves as “lying flatists”,     7     (post) photos of cats and seals lying supine.

But     8     tangping gained popularity, it also drew a level of opprobrium. Nanfang Daily called the philosophy “shameful”. Global Times made light of it describing “lying flat” as “not a serious philosophy”. The Youth League pointed out that young medical workers on the front lines during the pandemic “never chose to lie down.”

For Zhang in Wuxi, lying flat is not about giving up or withdrawing from society. “Many people want to lie down because 996 is too tiring,” she said, referring to the notorious hours common in tech industry,     9     staff are expected to work from 9a.m. to 9p.m, six days a week. The philosophy is also about giving oneself a break. On Douban, new groups have emerged that support “lying down and then standing up.” Zhang，who is thinking about getting into media, says she has started sending out resumes.

“I’m interviewing for jobs while writing a little and looking for direction,     10     nothing too active,” she said. “It’s better than doing nothing.”

3 . New York City has a housing problem. Currently, it has 1.8 million one-and two-person households, and only one million studios and one-bedroom apartments.     1    

In January, Bloomberg’s office announced the winner of its 2012 competition to design and build a residential tower of micro-units apartments between 250 and 370 square feet-on a city-owned site at East 27 street in Manhattan. According to the Mayor’s press release, the winning proposal, by the Brooklyn-based firm NARCHITECTS, was chosen for its innovative layout and building design, with nearly 10-foot ceilings and Juliet balconies that give residents “substantial light and air.”

    2     For some residents, the potential health risks and crowding challenges might outweigh the benefits of affordable housing. And while the Bloom-berg administration hails the tiny spaces as a “milestone for new housing models,” critics question whether relaxing zoning rules and experimenting with micro-design on public land will effectively address New York’s apartment supply problem in the long run.

“Sure, these micro-apartments maybe fantastic for young professionals in their 20’s,” says Dak Kopec, director of design for human health at Boston Architectural College and author of Environmental Psychology for Design. “    3    ”

Home is supposed to be a safe haven, and a resident with a demanding job may feel trapped in a claustrophobic (导致闭恐惧症的) apartment at night forced to choose between the physical crowding of furniture and belongings in his unit, and social crowding, caused by other resident, in the buildings common spaces. Research. Kopec says, has shown that crowding-related stress can increase rates of domestic violence and substance abuse.

For all of us, daily life is a sequence of events, he explains. But most people don’t like adding extra steps to everyday tasks. Because micro-apartments are too small to hold basic furniture like a bed, a table and a couch at the same time, residents must resent their quarters throughout the day: folding down a Murphy bed (墨菲隐蔽床), or hanging up a dining table on the wall.     4     In this case, residents might eventually stop folding up their furniture every day and the space will start feeling even more constrained.

A．But they definitely can be unhealthy for older people, say, those in their thirties or forties, who face different stress factors that can make tight living conditions a problem.

B．The obvious solution seems to be to develop more small residential units.

C．New Yorkers may actually face more expensive housing, paying the same amount to rent a studio in the neighborhood where they used to be able to afford a one-bedroom.

D．Nobody is claiming that micro-apartments will be a silver bullet.

E．What might seem novel at the beginning ends up including a lot of little inconveniences, just to go to sleep or make breakfast before work.

F．But as New York City “Micro-apartment” project inches closer to reality, experts warn that Micro-living may not be the urban panacea (灵丹妙药) we’ve been waiting for.

4 . The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is sentient, or at least interactive: One app developer told The Washington Post that after interacting with Amazon’s Alexa, his kid started talking to coasters. But even without chatty gadgets, research suggests that under certain circumstances, people anthropomorphize everyday products.

We personify things because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to give free will and consciousness to various devices. In turn, feeling attached to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially, they made up by lying about their number of friends on social networks—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.

When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car's personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. And anthropomorphizing objects is associated with a tendency to accumulate.

So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in competitive situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles(格栅) that were upturned like smiles and headlights that were slanted（倾斜的）like narrowed eyes sold best. The purchasers saw these features as increasing a car’s friendliness and aggressiveness, respectively. It’s little wonder so many companies use mascots（吉祥物）to bring brands to life. An analysis of 1,151 brand characters found symbols that were human or humanlike to be common.

Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was anthropomorphized in an ad (“I am Aroma” versus just “Aroma”)，consumers felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech-enabled coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into consumers, hearts.

1. The word “anthropomorphize”（in paragraph 1) most probably means_________.

A．think highly of something	B．find a better way to rate something
C．see something as humans	D．use something as often as possible

2. For the college students, the interaction with the phone served as a reminder that_________ .

A．they were not lonely

B．the phone had human qualities

C．they needed real friends

D．the phone was not always necessary

3. The writer mentions an analysis of car sales in Germany in order to_________.

A．show that friendliness is better received than aggressiveness

B．highlight that a symbol looking like a smile appeals more to people

C．explain why so many companies use mascots to promote their brands

D．illustrate that people will judge something according to its appearance

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Consumers should know more about a product before it is on the market.

B．Products with a mascot are more likely to win consumers' hearts.

C．Increases in a produces price may be accepted with a good ad.

D．The personification of a product may not always work.