1 .

A．What the man is reading is too difficult.	B．The man misjudges Mary’s expression.
C．Mary’s habit caused her trouble in work.	D．Mary dislikes reading books after work.

2 .

A．Read the speech to her.	B．Give a different speech.
C．Finish writing the speech.	D．Stop worrying about the speech.

3 . From Marie Tussaud’s Chamber of Horrors to Disneyland’s Haunted Mansion (鬼屋) to horror-themed escape rooms, haunted house attractions have terrified and delighted audiences around the world for more than 200 years.

These attractions turn out to be good places to study fear. They help scientists understand the body’s response to fright and how we perceive some situations as enjoyably thrilling and others as truly terrible. One surprising finding: having friends close at hand in a haunted house might make you more jumpy, not less so.

Psychologist and study co-author Sarah Tashjian, who is now at the University of Melbourne, and her team conducted their research with 156 adults, who each wore a wireless wrist sensor during their visit. The sensor measured skin responses linked to the body’s reactions to stress and other situations. When the sensor picked up, for example, greater skin conductance — that is, the degree to which the skin can transmit an electric current — that was a sign that the body was more aroused and ready for fight or flight. In addition to this measure, people reported their expected fear (on a scale of 1 to 10) before entering the haunted house and their experienced fear (on the same scale) after completing the haunt.

The scientists found that people who reported greater fear also showed heightened skin responses. Being with friends, Tashjian and her colleagues further found, increased physiological arousal during the experience, which was linked to stronger feelings of fright. In fact, the fear response was actually weaker when people went through the house in the presence of strangers.

Other investigators have used haunted houses to understand how fear and enjoyment can coexist. In a 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen, a member of the Recreational Fear Lab at Aarhus University in Denmark, scientists joined forces with Dystopia Haunted House. The Danish attraction includes such terrifying experiences as being chased by “Mr. Piggy”, a large, chain-saw-wielding man wearing a bloody butcher’s apron and pig mask. People between the ages of 12 and 57 were video recorded at peak moments during the attraction, wore heart-rate monitors throughout and reported on their experience. People’s fright was tied to large-scale heart-rate fluctuations; their enjoyment was linked to small-scale ones. The results suggest that fear and enjoyment can happen together when physiological arousal is balanced “just right”.

1. Studying haunted house attractions helps scientists to learn about ________.

A．the psychological effects of fear on individuals

B．the history of horror-themed entertainment

C．the body’s response to material rewards

D．the impact of technology on people’s enjoyment

2. How did Sarah Tashjian and her team conduct their research on haunted house experiences?

A．By surveying participants.	B．By analyzing historical records.
C．By employing wireless wrist sensors.	D．By using virtual reality simulations.

3. What did Tashjian and her colleagues discover in their study?

A．Being with friends elevated level of physiological arousal.

B．The fear reaction was stronger in the company of strangers.

C．Psychological effect was unrelated to intensified feelings of fright.

D．Those reporting lightened fear showed increased skin responses.

4. It can be concluded from the 2020 study led by Marc Malmdorf Andersen that ________.

A．fear and enjoyment can not happen at the same time

B．large-scale heart-rate fluctuations were linked to enjoyment

C．the age of the participants was not related to the study’s findings

D．fear and enjoyment can coexist under certain conditions

4 .

A．He desperately needs an explanation.

B．He knows why Sam is in a bad mood.

C．He will make Sam feel better.

D．He will keep his distance from Sam.

5 .

A．He is usually not bad-tempered.	B．He doesn’t like the man.
C．He started the semester in a bad mood.	D．He has few responsibilities.

6 .

A．Happy.	B．Angry.
C．Relaxed.	D．Confused.

7 . Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called “Why Don’t You — Yes But”, which remains one of the most annoying aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don’t want a solution; they want to be validated (认可) in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can “win” the game — dismissing every suggestion until interlocutor (对话者) gives up in annoyance — they get to feel pleasurably righteous (正当的) in their anger and excused from any obligation to change.

Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you’re feeling hard done by — taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a stupid boss — it’s easy to become attached to the position that it’s not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there’s a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.

Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this as “over-validation”. For one thing, you’ll be spared further complaining, since the other person’s motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you’re confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The concept that they’re utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic, not to mention rather annoying — so they’re prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things.

“And then, sometimes, something magical might happen, ” Gotlieb writes. The other person “might realize she’s not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels. ” Avoiding responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing.

1. What is the characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to Eric Berne?

A．They are angry about their ill treatment and feel bitter towards whoever tries to help.

B．They are habitually unhappy and endlessly find fault with people around them.

C．They constantly dismiss others’ proposals while taking no responsibility for dealing with the problem.

D．They lack the basic skills required for successful conversations with others.

2. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one’s doorstep?

A．People tend to think that one should not be held responsible for others’ mistakes.

B．It is easy to become attached to the position of overlooking one’s own fault.

C．People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices.

D．A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault.

3. What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers?

A．Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.

B．Listen to their complaints attentively and sympathetically.

C．Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence.

D．Persuade them to clarify the confusion they caused.

4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．What is the responsibility/fault fallacy for chronic complainers?

B．How can you avoid dangerous traps in everyday social life?

C．Who are chronic complainers and how to deal with them?

D．Why should we stop being a chronic complainer and assume responsibility?

8 .

A．It was quite a success.	B．It was huge.
C．It was terrible.	D．The music was good.

9 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．By offering thanks orally to the loved ones.

B．By showing gratefulness on a regular basis.

C．By developing good sleeping and eating habits.

D．By taking exercise with close friends regularly.

2.

A．Noticing the positive helps cure eating disorders.

B．Practicing gratitude can lengthen your sleep cycle.

C．Showing thankfulness contributes to your career promotion.

D．Admiring others’ value can improve relationship in workplaces.

3.

A．It is a blessing that we are valued.

B．Extending gratitude has multiple benefits.

C．We should stop counting sheep or calories.

D．People can learn to be appreciative by heart.

10 . According to a Gallup World Poll, 1.1 billion people want to move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs. An additional 630 million people would like to move abroad permanently.

The global desire to leave home arises from poverty and necessity, but it also grows out of a belief that such mobility is possible. People who hold fast to this universal ________ assume that individuals can and should be feel at home anywhere in the world and that they need not be ________ to any particular place. This view was once regarded as a negative product of the industrialization but is now accepted as central to a(n) ________ economy.

It leads to opportunity and profits, but it also has high ________ costs. According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ________ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home.

Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century, and represented a(n) ________ from the past. In the 19th century, Americans of all groups, pioneers, soldiers and the millions of immigrants who streamed into the nation, loudly complained that moving was emotionally ________. Medical journals explored the condition, often referring to it by its clinical name: nostalgia (思乡).

Today, discussions of nostalgia are rare, for the emotion is typically regarded by individuals as an embarrassing block to progress and prosperity. The ________ makes mobility appear misleadingly easy.

Technology also tricks us into thinking that mobility is ________. The comforting vision of ________ offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away”.

But such a claim was ________ optimistic, for homesickness continued to hurt many who migrated. The ________ that phone calls and the Internet provide means that those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening. It gives the impression that one can be in two places at once but it also highlights the ________ of that assumption.

The persistence of homesickness points to the limitations of the universal philosophy that strengthens so much of our market and society. The idea that we can and should feel at home any place on the globe is based on a worldview that celebrates the independent, mobile individual and takes it for granted that men and women are easily separated from family, from home and from the past. But this view isn’t ________ our emotions, for our attachment to home, although often ________, is strong and enduring.

1.

A．subject

B．wealth

C．vision

D．exchange

2.

A．transferred

B．tied

C．reduced

D．bridged

3.

A．globalized

B．intense

C．exporting

D．degrading

4.

A．transporting

B．domestic

C．psychological

D．administrative

5.

A．displaced

B．suspected

C．abused

D．monitored

6.

A．guidance

B．emergency

C．departure

D．justification

7.

A．misleading

B．wearing

C．resisting

D．facilitating

8.

A．silence

B．restriction

C．obstacle

D．emotion

9.

A．temporary

B．traditional

C．painless

D．formal

10.

A．priority

B．alert

C．connection

D．privacy

11.

A．overly

B．ultimately

C．critically

D．narrowly

12.

A．advancement

B．suffering

C．immediacy

D．variety

13.

A．impossibility

B．diversity

C．distraction

D．scale

14.

A．in line with

B．in addition to

C．in honor of

D．in need of

15.

A．distributed

B．underestimated

C．illustrated

D．identified