1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there in one word more than you need.

A.highlights        B. bestseller        C. distinctions          D. desired          AB. coined AC. centered          AD. producing        BC. mental        BD. outcomes     CD. value ABC. effective

A leadership is the most significant word in today's competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that "how things get done" influences the success of the     1     and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management, Peter Drucker,     2     the phrase "Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things," he was seeking to clarify the     3     he associates with the terms.

When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly     4     individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular     5     very quickly. His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm (范例), which he observed     6     on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one's attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive     7     attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he     8     how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a(n)     9     vision for your business, it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you     10    . Business leadership means that managers need to "put first things first," which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.

2 . 根据短文内容，从框中所给的单词中选择合适的单词，用其正确形式填空。

athlete                    destroy                    shelter                    creative                    unique recommend             adult                           emergency             organize                    volunteer

Avoiding a handshake may have been considered impolite, but it is now getting more and more common. With the spread of COVID-19, people are getting     1     with the ways they greet each other. For example, people, including famous figures like Prince Harry, US Vice President Mike Pence, famous singers and Olympic    2    , have been greeting with elbow bums (撞肘问候) instead of the formal handshake. Officials in countries including France     3     people avoid direct kisses. Some other     4     greetings include sniffing (闻) one another’s faces and clapping one’s hands are also forbidden.

3 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. spread                 B. formal                 C. chance                  D. found             E. objective F. experience            G. divisions             H. economical          I. respect             J. replaced          K. classroom

The idea of the youth hostel(旅社)started with one man: Richard Schirrmann(1874—1961), a German school teacher, who felt that there was a need for overnight accommodation for his students in order that they could see new things and have new experiences outside the     1     .

He felt that one learns by observing, and tried to make his dream come true in the year 1909, when he started providing accommodation for his students in inns, farmhouses and the like.

The first youth hostel was opened in Schirrmann’s own school in Altena, after which it was     2     by a permanent hostel in Altena Castle. Schirrmann went on to     3     the German Youth Hostel Association in the year 1919. By this time, the idea of the youth hostel had     4     far and wide, all over the lands of Europe and further.

And then, in the year 1932, a(n)     5     organization called the International Youth Hostel was founded in Amsterdam, which consisted of youth hostels from Switzerland, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands, Norway, Britain, Ireland, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark and Belgium. Richard Schirrmann became its chairman in 1933.

The idea of the youth hostel is for young people who are on nature trips to get     6     accommodation in exchange for some money and a helping hand with the domestic chores(家务活). These hostels were said to build character and a sense of independence, as the youth who stayed in them got the     7     to see how other people lived as well as to help to do work.

Youth hostels are also places to meet and make new friends. They have no class     8     and everyone has to do their share. Here, wealth and position does not help you gain     9     , but friendliness does. The friendlier you are, the more you learn from the     10     of staying in a youth hostel.

7 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Japanese firms encourage daytime naps

Imagine working for an employer who, aware that you’re probably not sleeping enough at night, allows you to down tools and nap as part of your regular work     1     -- and not just forty winks at your desk, but a restorative snooze in a quiet room.

These are some of the measures being used by a growing number of companies in Japan to counter an epidemic of sleeplessness that costs its economy a(n)     2     $ 138 bn a year.

Tech startups have been quickest to     3    the “sleep debt” among irritable and unproductive employees. Last year, Nextbeat, an TT service provider, went as far as setting up two “strategic sleeping rooms” -- one for men, the other for women -- at its headquarters in Tokyo. The aroma-infused rooms     4     devices that block out background noise, allowing workers to stretch out on sofas for a(n)     5     nap. Mobile phones, tablets and laptops are banned.

“Napping can do as much to improve someone’s     6    as a balanced diet and exercise,” Emiko Sumikawa, a member of the Nextbeat board, told Kyodo news agency.

Nextbeat also asks employees to leave work by 9 pm and to avoid doing excessive overtime, which has been     7     for a rising rate of death from overwork.

Japanese workers have more reason than most to submit to （服从）the     8     for a daytime snooze, whether at work or during long commutes.

A survey conducted using fitness trackers in 28 countries found that Japanese men and women sleep, on average, just 6 hours and 35 minutes a night -- 45 minutes less than the international average -- making them the most sleep-deprived of all. Estonians, Canadians, Belgians, Austrians, as well as the Dutch and French, all get a comparatively decent night’s sleep, according to the survey.

The government has also come to appreciate the     9     of a well-rested workforce, with the health ministry recommending that all working-age people take a nap of up to 30 minutes in the early afternoon -- advice     10     embraced by some of the country’s politicians.