1 . A study by a team of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) psychologists has found a link between extraverts (外向的人) and their word choices. The finding highlights the need for stronger linguistic indicators to be developed for use in online personality prediction tools, which are being rapidly adopted by companies to improve digital marketing strategies.
Today, marketing companies use predictive algorithms (算法) to help them forecast what consumers want based on their online behaviors. For example, an extravert consumer might be attracted to marketing messages that match their personality, and retail brands could then choose to target such consumers by using more extraverted and creative language to advertise their products. However, personality prediction tools available today that are used by marketing firms are not entirely accurate due to a lack of theoretically sound designs. This may lead to a weakness affecting the performance of the machine learning algorithms. This begs the question—how should we create robust and accurate personality predictions?
The study found a correlation between extraverts and their tendency to use certain categories of words. The results showed a small strength of relationship between extraversion and the use of “positive emotion words” and “social process words.”
Positive emotion words are defined as words that describe a pleasant emotional state, such as “love”, ”happy”, or “blessed”, or that indicate positivity or optimism, such as “beautiful” or “nice”. Social process words include words containing personal pronouns except “I”, and words showing social intentions, such as “meet”, “share” and “talk”.
Moving forward, the NTU research team will investigate the relationship between extraversion and other word categories. They hope their work will provide clarity on the types of words that can help guide the development of more accurate machine learning tools for personality prediction.
1. We learn from the passage the findings of the study can be used to help ______.A.observe consumers’ behavior |
B.forecast the need of companies |
C.create practical personality predictions |
D.find correlation between extraverts and ads |
A.Renewable. | B.Forceful. | C.Doubtful. | D.Variable. |
A.Dispute. | B.Interaction. | C.Disaster. | D.Loneliness. |
A.The direction of future research. |
B.The theoretical basis of the study. |
C.The strength of business strategies. |
D.The development of machine learning tools. |
Last year I graduated from college and landed a job in the local company. I was lucky because the economy was declining and a lot of companies went out of business. There were many unemployed graduates. That was a difficult time for everyone. I cherished my precious job and worked so hard. One day, I walked on the street after finishing my work. I saw many beautiful decorations, such as colorful lights, the familiar song and so on. I suddenly realized Christmas was coming. I had promised my nephew that when I found a job, I would send him a Christmas gift. Fortunately I still had a little time to buy one for him. And on that very day I witnessed how people cared for each other,
I was doing some last-minute Christmas shopping in a toy store. A nicely dressed little girl was looking through the teddy bears beside her father when she saw a little boy walk in and stop in front of the Pokemon toys. His jacket was obviously too small. He had money in his hand. However, it looked no more than five dollars at most. He was with his father as well, and kept picking up the Pokemon video games. Each time he showed one to his father, his father shook his head, “No”.
Rather disappointed, the boy gave up the video games and chose a book of stickers instead. After they walked away, the little girl ran over to the Pokemon video games. She excitedly picked up one lying on top of the others, and raced down toward the checkout. I picked up my purchases and followed the girl and her father.
注意.1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then, much to the little girl's delight, the little boy and his father got in line behind her and me.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The boy could only stare in disbelief.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 . A year after Benjamin Canlas died at 17,his love of helping others lives on. Through a foundation
In the Philippines,many jobs have been lost
At first,their
Among the
There are people still in need and much more
A.given up | B.set up | C.held up | D.brought up |
A.still | B.already | C.ever | D.yet |
A.at the cost of | B.in spite of | C.as a result of | D.in case of |
A.extra | B.temporary | C.dangerous | D.suitable |
A.completely | B.regularly | C.aimlessly | D.severely |
A.sell | B.rent | C.give away | D.pay for |
A.plan | B.dream | C.program | D.duty |
A.models | B.designs | C.girls | D.applications |
A.invented | B.intended | C.required | D.arranged |
A.assistants | B.travelers | C.visitors | D.winners |
A.challenging | B.measuring | C.covering | D.finishing |
A.valuable | B.convenient | C.enjoyable | D.spare |
A.money | B.joy | C.help | D.freedom |
A.projects | B.actions | C.jobs | D.courses |
A.ordering | B.persuading | C.forcing | D.urging |
Baskin was a 20-year-old sophomore at the University of South Carolina whose parents ran small restaurant. As he was the only college student in his family, his family tried their best to support him. Baskin always worked as a waiter in the restaurant to lighten his parents' burdens. He was so hardworking that many customers praised his hospitable service. His parents also appreciated and trusted him a lot.
It was a busy night at the restaurant. After a few guests walked in and sat down, they ordered a bottle of the Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse 2001-a valuable wine worth almost €6,000.
Having to serve another table, Baskin then asked a workmate to fetch the bottle. However, since the employee was new, she accidentally took the wrong bottle of wine. Instead of the wine that was ordered by the customers, she served the Chateau Pichon Longueville Pomerol 2001, which cost about €5,000. As the bottles and names were similar, no one noticed the mistake.
Baskin didn't realize the mistake until the customers wanted to order a second bottle after finishing the first one. He checked the order quickly and understood what was wrong. He cleverly suggested they order a different one, without letting them know what had happened, which could give him time to think about how to solve the problem.
Everything seemed normal, but Baskin was lost in thought. "What should I do to solve this problem?" he asked himself. If he didn't tell the customers the mistake, he could keep the extra €1000 secretly. As he was also the cashier of the restaurant, no one would know what happened. €1000 was the tuition fee for the whole school year and his parents needn't work hard to earn money for him. Or he could use the money to buy his favorite laptop which his parents couldn't afford. This extra money was really a huge temptation to him. But in this way, he would lose his honesty and dignity.
Paragraph 1:
While he was struggling with his options, his father came over.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
When the customers came to pay the bill, with father 's advice in mind. Baskin decided to do the right thing.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 . I spent time with some elders during my grandmother's five-year stay in the nursing home. I knew what it was like for them without any
One day, I saw a man
I asked if they would like me to push Jean. Jean said with
Now, this same man was on his own and as I got
We didn't
A.doctors | B.teachers | C.strangers | D.visitors |
A.asleep | B.alone | C.awake | D.alive |
A.smile | B.move | C.talk | D.feel |
A.struggle | B.surprise | C.reward | D.puzzle |
A.disappointment | B.curiosity | C.delight | D.embarrassment |
A.advice | B.help | C.plan | D.idea |
A.higher | B.faster | C.better | D.closer |
A.leg | B.ear | C.hand | D.eye |
A.absorbing | B.burning | C.painting | D.putting |
A.painful | B.disgusting | C.natural | D.controversial |
A.wiped | B.caught | C.stored | D.covered |
A.amuse | B.comfort | C.change | D.ignore |
A.admire | B.know | C.hate | D.judge |
A.hobby | B.language | C.connection | D.lifestyle |
A.shrinking | B.suffering | C.fading | D.expanding |
6 . Will Covid-19 Kill the Handshake?
The handshake might date back to the 14th century, when knights (骑士) and soldiers would extend their unclenched(松开的) right hands toward each other in greeting to show that they were carrying no weapons.
Now that a novel coronavirus is spreading fast, our hands are being cast in a new, doubtful light.
COVID-19 is a real threat, and we shouldn’t take the warning lightly. We may, indeed, need to keep our hands to ourselves for the time being. But we’re not ready to send handshake into the dustbin of history. Humans long for making a physical connection with friends. For now, perhaps, a regretful smile and nod might work as a shared acknowledgment.
A.Could we hug each other or nod? |
B.Could this be the end of the handshake? |
C.As we all know, shaking hands has become a habit. |
D.After all, our friendly intentions were not to infect or be infected by others. |
E.These days, it would seem, the potential weapon isn’t a knife, but the hand itself. |
F.We’re being drilled in handwashing techniques as if we were all second-graders. |
G.The French have been advised to abandon the familiar kiss on the cheek greeting. |
7 . A young woman was walking in Santa Ana, California, when she came upon an elderly street vendor (小贩) selling tamales (玉米粉蒸肉). Seeing how tired he looked in his wheelchair, she decided to give him a few bucks and a sandwich—and she also gave him a sympathetic ear to listen to his story.
When Kenia Barragan first saw Jose Villa Ochoa, she thought of her own parents. “I felt for him,” she told KTTV News, “My parents are both older, and I would hate to see my dad out selling tamales for somebody and barely making ends meet.”
Known as “Don Joel”, he explained that although he wanted a job, no company would hire him because of his age. In order to keep himself out of debt, he started to sell tamales cooked by a local woman. At the end of each hard day, she would give him a cut of the earnings. This allowed him to buy food, but was not enough for him to afford his medical treatment or a phone.
The 28-year-old woman was happy to listen to Don Joel’s story, but she wanted to do more. She made an appeal to her followers on Instagram for some assistance. Within a week, friends and strangers flooded her with more than $84 000 in donations.
In addition to the money raised for Don Joel’s retirement, Kenia purchased him a new wheelchair and a shiny new pair of shoes. Even though he’s 94, he says he feels like he’s 40 now, because the kindness has made him feel so alive. He describes the generosity as “life-changing”.
Kenia feels exactly the same way. She says she’s always looking for a purpose that helps people and that she’s been living in line with those values in her current job, working with people who have disabilities to get them transportation. Her goal in life is to establish a homeless shelter.
1. Why did Don Joel sell tamales?A.To buy a new wheelchair. | B.To struggle for a living. |
C.To pay off his medical debt. | D.To help a local woman. |
A.By establishing a homeless shelter. | B.By giving him money and sandwiches. |
C.By collecting donations on Instagram. | D.By listening to his story attentively. |
A.She disliked her father because of his job. |
B.She is a wealthy woman ready to help others. |
C.She helped Don Joel when she was 40 years old. |
D.She is a kind woman aiming to do more charity. |
A.Rose given, fragrant in hand. | B.The best hearts are always the bravest. |
C.No pain, no gain. | D.Sharp tools make good work. |
8 . Byrd is in her eighth year of teaching at Wilder Elementary in Mansfield. She has taught fifth grader Fisher Croney every year since he was in kindergarten. Fisher
Byrd also
Byrd was in the hospital for
Today, both women are doing well. They are turning their
A.gives out | B.stands out | C.looks about | D.sits about |
A.learned | B.met | C.taught | D.knew |
A.family | B.behavior | C.communication | D.health |
A.functioning | B.growing | C.forming | D.beating |
A.miss | B.ache | C.fail | D.improve |
A.schedule | B.issue | C.offer | D.opportunity |
A.intended | B.allowed | C.persuaded | D.urged |
A.respond | B.hesitate | C.confirm | D.attend |
A.encounter | B.relative | C.neighbor | D.match |
A.excited | B.embarrassed | C.surprised | D.relieved |
A.surgery | B.practice | C.recovery | D.training |
A.curious | B.nervous | C.certain | D.frank |
A.normal | B.casual | C.strange | D.dependent |
A.back | B.faith | C.attention | D.respect |
A.in favor of | B.in memory of | C.in recognition of | D.in need of |
9 . Years of exposure to Americans has, at last, convinced me of something about their food culture. I now think they’re correct in one of life’s great dilemmas: when eating at a restaurant, it is really fine to politely send your food back if it is not what you ordered, or covered in cheese when you asked for no cheese, etc.
Of course, the idea makes me feel anxious; the British fear of making a scene is planted in my soul. But what persuaded me, in the end, was realizing how self-centered that fear actually is. Are you really such a big deal that your no-cheese request will embarrass your fellow diners, ruin the waiter's day, and send waves of shock through the kitchen? Face it: you're not. Instead, you're in the situation of what might be termed “egocentric reticence (以自我为中心的沉默).”
Egocentric reticence raised its head again the other day in a study about gratitude, which found that people underestimate how much delight a thank-you note can bring. The psychologists Amit Kumar and Nicholas Epley had people send grateful messages to someone who'd made a difference to their lives. Again and again, they found, senders assumed their words would lead to less happiness and more awkwardness than they really did, and that recipients would judge their letter-writing competence cruelly, too. Even in the seemingly selfless context of expressing gratitude, senders couldn’t help giving too much weight to their own perspective. So if you stop yourself from sending someone a thank-you note because you're worried you'll make them feel awkward or annoyed, you are letting egocentrism prevent an action that would have made both of you happier.
The most acute form of egocentric reticence, surely, is extreme shyness. “Shyness is just egotism out of its depth,” famous actress Penelope Keith once told an interviewer. The quote was later regarded as a line the writer Sadie Stein credits with curing her own shyness. “For some reason, the clear cruelty of that quote was what I needed, ” Stein wrote. “OK, I thought... No one is looking at you.”
1. Before contacting Americans, the author thought sending restaurant food back was ________.A.certainly a customer's right |
B.fine to do just in some cultures |
C.acceptable but not worthy sometimes |
D.embarrassing and would cause trouble |
A.hesitate to do something due to self-centered reasons |
B.keep sending waves of shock to others |
C.be ignorant of other people's feelings |
D.do something extremely embarrassing |
A.People may regard sending grateful messages unimportant. |
B.It's common for Americans to send a thank-you letter. |
C.It's important to thank others after being helped. |
D.People often take a thank-you note for granted. |
A.We sometimes need shyness to behave well. |
B.We should pay no attention to other people's thoughts. |
C.We can overcome our shyness by removing our egotism. |
D.We should avoid being exposed to other people's focus. |
A remarkable study from 1976 gives us some insight into how and
The study suggests that acquaintance and friendship with neighbors