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文章大意:这是一篇议论文。文章就英国人为什么保持自己的行为举止礼仪进行了原因分析。

1 . Almost everyone who has studied English has been warned about the way Brits love their manners. It is part of our national identity, as much as fish and chips or complaining about the weather. Recently I have been wondering where this comes from and I read online that we say sorry up to eight times a day. Probably the same amount of times that any other person says “hello” or “how are you”. It is almost like greetings to us! It was only when I was explaining how there are five steps of saying thank you when you buy something from a shop to a Mexican friend of mine that I realised how mad it sounded.

After some research online I have not been able to find any specific reasons why we are the way we are. I suppose for centuries manners and how we eat at the table and talk to other people have been the barriers between the lower and upper classes and represent your social status. Britain has traditionally been a quite conservative country. There are many articles suggesting that this seemingly polite attitude of always saying please and thank you is quite false because it is impossible to always feel that you want to thank someone or say please.

Maybe it is for this reason that people are going one of two ways: they are incredibly polite and hold back on their feelings or not polite at all, and express their true feelings. Some Brits are fed up of pretending that they are always content and having to please people. Sometimes because we feel we have to be polite, we are prevented from saying what we truly think. Do you think it is better to not hurt people’s feelings and be polite or to let people know the truth? In your country what is the custom? I know in some countries if someone is considered to be doing their job, the clients think that they do not need to be thanked.

1. What does the author think of the British way of saying “Thank you”?
A.Normal.B.Surprising.C.Exciting.D.Pleasing.
2. What does the author want to find out?
A.Why the British like to complain about the weather.
B.Why the British love their way of showing manners.
C.Why the British are fond of fish and chips so much.
D.Why the British have five steps of saying thank you.
3. What does the author think manners stand for centuries?
A.Wealth and health.B.Social status.C.Politeness.D.Attitudes.
4. Why do Brits feel sometimes they have to be polite?
A.They want to express their true feelings.
B.They want to let people know the truth.
C.They are kept from saying what they think.
D.They want to represent their social status.
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2 . Thanksgiving is a time to give thanks for family, health, and life in general. However, Black Friday has turned it into a business.

Traditionally, the true value of Thanksgiving lies at home not the shopping centers. However, Black Friday has nowadays allowed society to ignore this as individuals(个人) long for something that they do not need or even truly want. Shopping on Black Friday becomes a sign of a shift into a culture that values material wealth(财富) over spending time with loved ones. People are willing to force their way through the crowds in their desperate search for marked-down sweaters and necklaces.

In recent years, Thanksgiving has become a pre-Black Friday holiday for many families. They are devoted to mapping out shopping routes and making organized schedules for which stores to hit first. By drawing individuals out to shopping centers with "matchless savings", businesses encourage this behavior of ignoring Thanksgiving. Many families take their home-cooked meals while camping out at the door of shopping centers. With each new year, Thanksgiving is becoming victim to over-commercialized(过度商业化)society—changing from a meaningful time for family to a day devoted to products and shopping.

Black Friday has shown that with current common standards(标准), people cannot even set aside a single day to appreciate what they already have without immediately buying more. Families have lost sight of what is truly important in life, and have found reasons in debating between a low cost HD television and an appreciation for what they already have. Remember, Thanksgiving should be a day in which people are grateful for all that they have.

1. What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 2 probably refers to?
A.The sign of a shift.B.The true value of Thanksgiving.
C.The shopping crowd.D.The material wealth.
2. In recent years, what will many families do when thanksgiving comes?
A.They’ll visit some newly-opened shopping centers in advance.
B.They’ll choose a big store for their first visit.
C.They’ll make full preparations for the Black Friday shopping.
D.They’ll go camping at the gate of shopping center for a good deal.
3. In the last paragraph, the author mainly intends to tell us that we should ______.
A.appreciate what we've possessed with our families
B.stay with our families as long as we can
C.try to spend less to get low cost products
D.set aside a single day to buy more
4. What's the author’s attitude towards the present ways people celebrate Thanksgiving?
A.puzzledB.unconcerned
C.happyD.worried
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