1 . Did you know that creating a product that fails terribly could get you featured in a museum? Hundreds of failed products and inventions are getting attention and appreciation in the Museum of Failure in Hollywood.
It is the brainchild of Samuel West, a Swedish psychologist who created it to change the way people think about failure. “Failure is necessary for any kind of progress,” West said. It had a traveling exhibition in Shanghai in 2019 with over 100 “failed” products from big-name companies such as Nokia, Apple and Coca-Cola. “I really hope you see that these well-known brands that everybody respects screw up too,” West told the New York Times.
West's opinion isn't new. The famed physicist Albert Einstein once said, “A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” This idea has even been embraced by big companies in Silicon Valley. A common slogan is “Fail fast, fail often.” “The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace out-of-the-box thinking, and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens,” wrote Simon Custo of Forbes.
But some people are skeptical of this so-called “culture of failure”. They are worried that if failure becomes “a badge (徽章) of honor”, it may even be seen as “uncool” when someone tries to reduce the risk of failure. This may lead to carelessness and lack of effort. “Sometimes people hide behind failure, when they could have prevented,” wrote Anna Issac of The Telegraph.
So it's important that people set apart the 2 kinds of failure: the kind that shows laziness or incompetence and the kind that takes you forward. The key is whether you've learned something from your mistakes.
1. Why did Samuel West found the Museum of Failure?A.To get himself famous all over the world. |
B.To practice Albert Einstein's view on mistakes. |
C.To draw people's attention to the value of failure. |
D.To exhibit the failed products from big companies. |
A.Make a mess. |
B.Bring much damage. |
C.Contribute little. |
D.Break the rules. |
A.Acknowledgement of failure is glorious. |
B.Carelessness and laziness lead to failure. |
C.Learning from mistakes is the key to progress. |
D.Risk of failure should be reduced with efforts. |
A.Failure is a badge of honor. |
B.Don't come home as a failure. |
C.Face failure and find the reasons. |
D.Better to fail early than to fail late. |
2 . In early November of 1503, during Christopher Columbus's fourth and final trip to America, his ship was seriously damaged in a storm. Columbus and his men had to live on a small island for several months while they tried to repair their ship and return to Spain.
At first, the local people on the island were very kind to the European visitors, giving them all the food and clothes they needed to survive. However, as months passed, the local people became more and more unhappy with their guests, who were tricking and stealing from them. Finally the locals decided to stop helping. Without food or any way to leave the island, Columbus's group was soon in serious trouble.
Luckily for Columbus, he had a book about the stars and planets on his ship. It described the movements of all the objects in the night sky. The book, written by a well-known German scientist, said there would be a total lunar eclipse(月全食) on the evening of February 29,1504 and how long it would last.
Columbus worked out the difference in time between Germany and North America. He then had a meeting with the local leaders just before the eclipse would take place. In this meeting, Columbus told them his god was angry because the local people were no longer giving food. So his god would take away the moon to punish them. The moment Columbus finished talking, just as he had planned, the moon began disappearing.
The local leaders grew panicked and quickly agreed to provide Columbus with food and anything else he wanted. But first, Columbus's god had to return the moon. Columbus told them he would have to discuss the idea with his god on his ship. Knowing the moon would stay completely hidden for about 48minutes, Columbus returned just before the moon began to reappear. From that day on, until they finally left, Columbus and his men no longer had any trouble getting the food they needed.
1. The local people became angry because the Europeans ________.A.looked very different | B.had nothing to trade |
C.were cheats and thieves | D.wanted to take their land |
A.From a book. | B.From the moon. |
C.From his group. | D.From the locals. |
A.He discussed the problem with his god. |
B.He waited for the total lunar eclipse to finish. |
C.He read about the stars and planets. |
D.He told his men what happened. |
A.They all believed in God. | B.They never returned to Spain. |
C.They admired the local people. | D.They caused their own problems. |
3 . Playing games, singing carols (圣诞颂歌) and getting dressed in your best for Christmas lunch are British festive traditions that need to be saved for future generations, a study has found.
The survey of 2,000 people found the festive pleasure that people believe is most in need of saving is playing games as a family, with 33% of those surveyed giving it the nod. Carol singing is close behind on 31%, with making paper chains to decorate the home on 28%.
Popular pursuits also listed as being in need of saving are making Christmas cake, putting decorations up on Christmas Eve, making home-made pies and writing a letter to Santa. The study also found that 64% of British families celebrate with their own family-specific traditions, such as leaving the tree decoration to the children, and 62% of people said the most important element in having a good Christmas is spending time with family.
Dr. Martin Johns from Swansea University, said: “Wearing your ‘best’ clothes and giving fruit and nuts in stockings both have their origins before the Second World War. However, the pre-war tradition of putting a lucky piece of coal in children’s stockings has disappeared.”
Many Christmas traditions are imports from America, but Christmas cards are one that Britain gave to the world. The first Christmas card is widely claimed to date back to 1843, the same year as A Christmas Carol was published by Dickens, but they were actually on sale by the end of the 1820s. The Victorians saw them as luxurious items and bought them individually, choosing specific designs for each friend and relative. Up until the 1960s, cards were delivered on Christmas morning, adding to the specialness of receiving one.
1. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to “________”.A.playing games | B.festive pleasure |
C.the survey | D.the festival |
A.Festive traditions are the same in different families. |
B.Christmas time is a family time for many people. |
C.Making paper chains is most in need of saving. |
D.People don’t make Christmas cake any more. |
A.is replaced by giving fruit and nuts |
B.appeared during the World War II |
C.should be put on the saving list |
D.is no longer observed today |
A.were received before Christmas |
B.were regarded as special gifts |
C.were brought from America |
D.were invented in 1843 |
4 . I’d never been to a Day of the Dead festival before. As my dad and I looked around for seats, I
“Whatever you need,” I said.
Marco threw me parts of a
“It’s part of a traditional dance” he said.
“You expect me to dance? ” I
Marco smiled. “It’ll be fun. And hurry! We’re
“ We’re going to do a lot of stomping(跺脚). Slow at first. Keep one hand
The speakers
“Be quick,” Marco
We all began stomping slowly to music. I could only see
The music
Marco gave me a thumbs-up. As the audience clapped for our group, I said to him happily, “You were right. That was
A.watched | B.spotted | C.monitored | D.observed |
A.satisfied | B.ignored | C.contacted | D.greeted |
A.suit | B.chain | C.decoration | D.costume |
A.make it | B.get it | C.focus on | D.go through |
A.chatted | B.despaired | C.hesitated | D.replied |
A.staying | B.running | C.working | D.changing |
A.up | B.high | C.low | D.down |
A.shouted | B.announced | C.defined | D.issued |
A.signaled | B.pointed | C.moved | D.complained |
A.through | B.in | C.over | D.under |
A.bring about | B.carry on | C.figure out | D.put out |
A.extremely | B.possibly | C.truly | D.finally |
A.disappeared | B.sped up | C.started | D.faded away |
A.typical | B.brief | C.tough | D.flexible |
A.significant | B.creative | C.beneficial | D.fun |
Holi is the ancient Hindu festival of colours and love. It
Holi marks the beginning of spring. The dates change each year according to the full moon, but it is
In recent years, holi -themed events have become popular with a new generation in Europe and North America. Every year, large
There is a spirit of togetherness and
1. Where was the man born?
A.In Holland. | B.In France. | C.In England. |
A.Having a barbecue. | B.Eating watermelon at a picnic. |
C.Watching the fireworks after sunset. |
A.It sounds fun. |
B.He’s always loved it. |
C.He’s never heard of it before. |
7 . The American Thanksgiving holiday is on Thursday. Many people will get together with family members for a big meal. It is a time to celebrate family, friends and everything there is to be thankful for.
But some people do not look forward to spending a lot of time with their family. It can be stressful. Family members can start arguments with each other. Some people at the meal may have conflicting (冲突的) political beliefs. Conflict can even find its way into the kitchen, where all the cooking takes place. There is a saying called “too many cooks in the kitchen.” This means that sometimes, if many people are trying to do a project together, it does not turn out as well as it could have if only one person were in charge. That is why people are offering Thanksgiving survival ideas on Twitter.
Rick Irwin had one. “Say that you’re letting the dog out and use it as an excuse to disappear for several hours.” Tracy Brooks had a suggestion for limiting Thanksgiving dinner responsibilities. She wrote: “Be the last to arrive and the first to leave.”
Since there is so much food at the Thanksgiving meal, Christine Turner suggested forgetting about your diet and wearing loose clothing. But, one fitness expert said people do not have to give up on their diets during the big meal. They can prepare foods that have few calories (卡路里). For example, they could bake some foods instead of frying them in oil.
But other people are looking forward to the holiday. Sara Marie Brenner wondered why people need to “survive” Thanksgiving, at all. She wrote: “I enjoy the holiday.”
1. Why do some people dislike having Thanksgiving with their family?A.Some disagreements may arise. |
B.They live far away from each other. |
C.They have distant family relationships. |
D.The traditional cooking takes up too much time. |
A.Many friends came to help but ruined my plan. |
B.Nobody is willing to help me when I’m in trouble. |
C.I don’t know who to choose from the many helpers. |
D.Many cooks don’t know more about cooking than I. |
A.Preparing low-calorie foods. | B.Limiting food intake. |
C.Enjoying the food. | D.Baking foods. |
A.Worried. | B.Positive. |
C.Critical. | D.Uninterested. |
Earth Day is a yearly event celebrated on April 22. Various activities
In the 1960s, Americans were becoming aware of the effects of pollution
In 1990, Earth Day went global, with 200 million people in over 140 nations
9 . In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.
At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge(挑战) to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little -- known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”, once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator(行政人员) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.
1. What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?A.To bring Europe together again. | B.To honor heroes of World War II. |
C.To introduce young theatre groups. | D.To attract great artists from Europe. |
A.They owned a public house there. | B.They came to take up a challenge. |
C.They thought they were also famous. | D.They wanted to take part in the festival. |
A.unpopular groups | B.non-official groups |
C.foreign groups | D.local groups |
A.has become a non-official event | B.has gone beyond an art festival |
C.gives shows all year round | D.keeps growing rapidly |
1. Where does the woman’s mother live?
A.In Spain. | B.In Mexico. | C.In America. |
A.Travel to Madrid. | B.Visit some friends. | C.Attend a holiday event. |
A.On October 22nd. | B.On October 28th. | C.On November 22nd. |