1 . First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available.First aid may save a _____or improve certain vital signs including a pulse，temperature，an unobstructed (畅通无阻的) airway，and breathing.In _____ emergencies，first aid may prevent a victim's condition from worsening and provide relief from_____. First aid must be performed as _____ as possible.In the case of the critically injured，a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.

Firstaid measures _____a victim's needs and the provider's level of knowledge and skill.Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as _____as knowing what to do.Improperly moving a person with a neck injury，for example，can _____permanent spinal injury and paralysis.

Despite the variety of possible injuries，several principles of first aid _____to all emergencies.The first step is to call for professional medical help.The victim，if conscious，should be reassured that medical aid has been_____，and asked for permission to provide any first aid.Next，judge the scene，asking other people or the injured person's family or friends about ______ of the injury or illness，any care that may have already been given，and preexisting (早先存在的) conditions such as diabetes or heart trouble.The victim should be______for medical bracelet or card that describes special medical conditions.______ the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury，do not______the victim.

Once obvious injuries have been evaluated，the injured person's head should be kept in a neutral position in line with the body.If no ______ exists to suggest potential skull (颅骨) or spinal injury，place the injured person in a comfortable position.Positioned ______ one's side，a victim can vomit without choking or obstructing the airway.

1.

A．chance

B．disaster

C．life

D．family

2.

A．minor

B．severe

C．unique

D．certain

3.

A．pressure

B．pain

C．guilty

D．injury

4.

A．carefully

B．correctly

C．mildly

D．quickly

5.

A．depend upon

B．contribute to

C．consist of

D．approve of

6.

A．temporary

B．basic

C．important

D．fortunate

7.

A．result from

B．suffer from

C．take on

D．lead to

8.

A．apply

B．refer

C．turn

D．respond

9.

A．needed

B．selected

C．requested

D．refused

10.

A．details

B．roots

C．results

D．effects

11.

A．recorded

B．measured

C．checked

D．observed

12.

A．Although

B．When

C．Because

D．Unless

13.

A．move

B．save

C．touch

D．defend

14.

A．analysis

B．explanation

C．experience

D．evidence

15.

A．to

B．with

C．on

D．at

2 . What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology(生物科技). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today’s leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.

In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs. The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells and so on, in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.

It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.

1. According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by ________.

A．diseases and aging	B．accidents and war
C．accidents and aging	D．heart disease and war

2. In the author’s opinion, today’s most important advance in technology lies in ________.

A．Medicine

B．the Internet

C．brain cells

D．human organs

3. Humans may live longer in the future because ________.

A．heart disease will be far away from us

B．human brains can decide the final death

C．the basic materials of cells will last forever

D．human organs can be repaired by new medicine

3 . What problem does the man have?

A．A cold.

B．A bloody nose.

C．A broken foot.