1 . I first began experiencing anxiety and depression at age 14 after being bullied at school for years. While at first anxiety and depression would come and go, it eventually became constant part of my life.
I was so set on finding the solution to overcoming it that I tried everything from which I was in college to graduate school: mood-changing medication, special teas, yoga, think I read about in books, and advice given by doctors. Despite this, I still felt I hadn’t even come close to managing the problem.
But one afternoon, I spotted an article in a magazine talking about how dogs were all to help people with anxiety and depression. The next day, I managed to get a dog — corgi (柯基犬).
However, once the “puppy excitement” went away, my anxiety and depression came back as usual. One morning, I woke up with those familiar feelings again. I didn’t want to get out of bed. I turned to pull the covers back over my head and give up. That’s when I saw my pet—Buddy.
Buddy started jumping all over me, licking (舔) my face, and letting me know that it was time to go outside. It was as if he were saying, “There’s no time to be sad! The world is amazing!” And for the first time in my life, on a day when my anxiety and depression were strong, I got out of bed. I put on my winter clothes and went for a walk in the snow with my new friend. I realized at that moment, walking down the street in winter , my life was changing. I really was a new girl.
Sure, I still have days when I feel down or anxious. But with Buddy by my side, I’ve finally learned how to manage these feelings and emotions.
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?| A．The author recovered a little by doing yoga. |
| B．The author was a school bully (仗势欺人者) for years. |
| C．The author began to have mental problems after college. |
| D．The problem-solving ways the author tried didn’t work. |
| A．A doctor recommended it to her. |
| B．She read it in an article by chance. |
| C．She found it out herself after keeping a corgi. |
| D．She heard it from some other depression sufferers. |
| A．Optimistic. | B．Anxious. | C．Confused. | D．Doubtful. |
| A．Pet Dogs Can Be the Best Cure |
| B．Keeping a Dog Benefits Us a Lot |
| C．Anxiety and Depression Is Dangerous |
| D．Different Ways to Get Rid of Bad Feelings |
2 . When somebody gets sick or is hurt in an accident, there are several different ways that doctors can try to help them. One of these is to give medicine that fights the sickness or helps the sick person’s body to fight it. However, if some parts of a body are very sick or damaged, then doctors might need to remove them. Another way doctors can help is to grow new tissue to replace what is sick or damaged. This is called regenerative medicine (再生医学). Regenerative medicine sounds like something from a science fiction movie but it is not a new idea. Inside our bones, we have something called ‘marrow’, which makes our blood and keeps us healthy. Doctors have been giving sick people the ‘bone marrow’ from other healthy people for the last 30 or 40 years, and this is a kind of regenerative medicine.
Newer developments in regenerative medicine include growing new skin in a laboratory and using it to help people who have been hurt in fires or accidents. Another example of regenerative medicine is a technique developed from studying frogs and mice. When cells are old, like in adults, they can’t change what they do in our bodies. For example, a skin cell can’t change into an eye cell. But when cells are very young, they can become any cell type. These young cells are called stem cells, and doctors can use them to grow any type of tissue, such as skin, heart or eye. John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka won the 2012 Nobel Prize for their studies in this area.
Professor Fiona Watt, from the Centre for Regenerative Medicine at King’s College London, believes that regenerative medicine is so exciting because many different kinds of experts need to work together. New bones may be printed by expert 3D printers, who need to work closely with university scientists and the surgeons who do the operations in hospitals.
We cannot yet grow new arms or legs for people, but the science fiction dream of regenerative medicine may be closer than we think. Perhaps in the future, doctors will be able to grow whole new bodies for us.
1. Why is ‘marrow’ in bones very important in regenerative medicine?| A．It can grow into new skin for those who have been hurt in fires. |
| B．It can be used to grow new tissue. |
| C．It makes blood for our body. |
| D．It has been used for 40 years. |
| A．Regenerative medicine is a new science in medicine. |
| B．Fiona Watt and Shinya Yamanaka won the 2012 Nobel Prize for medicine. |
| C．Stem cells, very young cells, can be used to grow any type of tissue. |
| D．Doctors and scientists now cooperate to grow new skin for frogs and mice. |
| A．Pessimistic. | B．Optimistic. |
| C．Doubtful. | D．Subjective. |
3 . Everyone takes drugs. Sometimes a drug might be called a herb but the effect is the same. Drugs and herbs can make life better for they are used to improve health. From the simplest headache to a cure for cancer, people believe that certain drugs can help them. But there is danger if the drugs are not used in a proper way.
American teenagers sometimes use certain drugs to feel good. They call this “getting high”. The problem is that once a young man or a young woman has the feeling of “getting high”, they want to do it often. If school is boring or too hard, students might get depressed and a drug or herb might help them feel better. If the student takes too much of a drug, the body may change in a wrong way such as a confused mind, poor sight, a headache, and an uncomfortable stomach.
Schools now have D．A．R．E．program which means Drug Abuse Resistance Education. This program was started so that young students from age 10 to 18 might understand how a drug affects their bodies. The main point of the program is education. Once a student understands certain drugs can cause ill health, he will know he should not use them.
Education is the key to good nutrition as well. If a student eats correctly, he or she will be full of energy which leads to good study habits and good grades. Poor nutrition may cause the need for more sleep and poor concentration. Proper food is similar to the proper use of drugs. Both allow a healthy body to grow while misuse of them prevents a person from developing normally.
1. What does the underlined phrase “getting high” mean?| A．flying a lot | B．feeling good |
| C．getting excited | D．falling asleep |
| A．drug abuse is a popular phenomenon |
| B．drug is actually a common medicine |
| C．good eating habit may help students keep from drugs |
| D．teenagers always need to seek for excitement |
| A．manage and control drugs |
| B．explain to teenagers what drug is |
| C．stop teenagers taking drugs |
| D．help teenagers know about the harm of drugs |
| A．Drug awareness |
| B．Good eating habit |
| C．Popular drug abuse in America |
| D．Why students take drugs? |
4 . When you choke, you can’t breathe properly or can’t get enough air into your lungs because there is something in your throat. Choking can make the person unable to breathe, talk, or even make noise. Worse still, because the body needs oxygen to stay alive, when oxygen can’t reach the lungs and the brain, a person can become unconscious (失去知觉), suffer from brain damage, and even die within minutes. That is what makes choking such a serious emergency.
Choking is a serious thing. If you think someone is choking, shout for help and have somebody call 911 right away. If you can do it properly and safely, meanwhile you can give him or her first aid. In other words, you can get behind the choking person and then give a certain kind of quick squeeze (挤压) in the middle of the stomach. This squeeze sends a quick, powerful burst of air from the person’s lungs upward, removing the problem food or object and often sending it flying out of the person’s mouth.
Choking is sometimes dangerous. Luckily, something can be done to prevent it. For example, be extra careful when you’re eating certain foods that are easy to choke on. They include things like hot dogs, nuts, grapes, raw carrots, popcorn, and hard candy. Check food labels to make sure that the food isn’t the kind that can lead to choking. Also you can sit down, take small bites and don’t talk or laugh when your mouth is filled with food!
In addition, look out for the little guys and girls. Babies and young children love to put things in their mouths, so help keep them safe by picking up anything off the floor that might be risky to swallow-like pen caps and coins. Keep toys with small parts in some place young children can’t get to, and never share your food or candy with a baby.
1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?| A．Examples of choking. | B．Signs of choking. |
| C．Harms of choking. | D．Causes of choking. |
| A．Pouring some water into his mouth. |
| B．Gently pressing him on the back. |
| C．Asking the people present for help. |
| D．Trying to clear the thing of his throat. |
| A．Offer them toys with small parts. |
| B．Talk to them while we are feeding them. |
| C．Keep dangerous things out of their reach. |
| D．Forbid them from eating too many candies. |
| A．An advertisement. |
| B．A work report. |
| C．An interesting story. |
| D．A magazine on nursing. |
5 . Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful (有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers (志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.
The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin needed to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they needed only slightly higher levels of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a nerve activity (神经活动), which causes coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
1. According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.| A．cannot be as effective as codeine |
| B．can be harmful to people’s health |
| C．cannot be separated from chocolate |
| D．can be a more effective cure for coughs |
| A．Theobromine. | B．Codeine. |
| C．Capsaicin. | D．Placebo. |
| A．were patients with bad coughs | B．were divided into the three groups |
| C．received standard treatments | D．suffered little side effects |
| A．Codeine: A New Medicine | B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs |
| C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case | D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs |
The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time, and drug companies weren’t interested in supporting research into such a rare disease.
However, the parents still refused to give up and spent every available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through trial and error, they finally created a cure from ingredients (调料) commonly found in the kitchen. The cure, named "Lorenzo’s Oil", saved the boy’s life. Despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. As a result, some families with ALD children were reluctant to try it.
Finally, the boy’s father organized an international study to test the oil. After ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ALD children healthy.
1. Doctors said that Lorenzo might die within three years because_____ .
| A．they had never treated the disease before |
| B．Lorenzo was too young to be cured |
| C．no cure had been found for ALD |
| D．ALD was a rare disease |
| A．the research for the new cure would cost too much money |
| B．the efforts of Lorenzo’s parents were a waste of time |
| C．Lorenzo’s parents would succeed in finding a cure |
| D．Lorenzo’s oil was a real cure for ALD |
| A．was really effective | B．was a success story |
| C．only worked in theory | D．would save the boy’s life |
| A．doctors remain doubtful of the effectiveness of the cure |
| B．many ALD patients still refuse to use the oil |
| C．various cures have been found for ALD |
| D．the oil really works as a cure for ALD |
