Tu Youyou, the first female Chinese scientist     1     (receive) a Nobel Prize, was born in 1930, Zhejiang Province. Between 1951 and 1955, she studied medicine     2    university. Later, she went on     3     (complete) further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine. In 1969, Tu became head of a team which     4     (intend) to find a cure for malaria. She collected a large amount of data and     5     (refer) to the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine. On 4 October 1971, she managed     6     (make) qinghao extract. However, in order to solve the problems they met, they even volunteered     7     (test) on themselves first. In November 1972, they     8     (succeed) isolated the most effective part of the extract and named it qinghaosu     9     is a key part of many malaria medicines. In her Nobel Lecture, she encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a     10     (high) level.

3 . Rwanda is a small country in East Africa with about more than 13 million people. The landlocked country is one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. _______, almost half of the population still live in poverty.

Many people live in _______ where there is no doctor. Medical supplies such as _______, vaccines (疫苗) or even blood are _______ to reach these areas.

Zipline, an American start-up company, now helps people in remote areas to get better _______. A multinational team of engineers has been _______ to build a drone (无人机) that can deliver medicine to where it is most needed.

Rwanda is where their plans have been met with _______ from the government and the country’s civil aviation (民用航空) authority.

“Rwanda is the first country to _______ us through the design process of the drone to figure out how to do this,” said Keenan Wyrobek, a _______ of Zipline.

If a hospital or a ________ is in an area that is difficult to ________, the Zipline drone can deliver the medical supplies easily and much quicker than via road transport.

Doctors or healthcare workers just need to send a ________ to the base station and the delivery will be dispatched (派遣) via drone quickly and ________. So the vital supplies are dropped off by the drone where the items are ________. Now it only takes 30 minutes from the time the ________ is placed to the delivery.

“I used to see the drones fly and think they must be ________ until the same drone came to me and saved my ________. They are amazing,” said Alice Mutimutuje, a mother who fell seriously ill once.

The drones have already successfully completed more than 12,000 ________in the last years. In January 2019, the company________ their project in Africa and the 29 million people in the West Africa Ghana will soon benefit from this new________, too.

5 . Everybody should have some first aid techniques,because accidents and medical emergencies can happen anywhere at any time and in such an urgent situation lives can be saved. St. John First Aid courses give you the knowledge and confidence to provide effective first aid whenever it is needed.

First Aid Level 1

Ideal for anyone who wants to learn basic first aid or needs to renew their first aid qualification (资格). Courses can be held at St. John or your workplace.

Fee: $162 (includes GST)

Duration: eight hours

First Aid Level 2

Includes all course content from First Aid Level 1,plus an additional half day. Ideal for special first aiders,health and safety managers and anyone who needs a first aid qualification.

Fee: $235 (includes GST)

Duration: twelve hours

Pre-Hospital Emergency Care (PHEC)

Advanced training for first aiders who already hold unit standards 6400 and 6402. Ideal for people who require advanced first aid skills or a pre-hospital emergency care qualification for their work.

Fee: $635 (includes GST)

Duration: three days

Child First Aid

Ideal for parents,grandparents and other family caregivers.A recognized qualification for childcare workers.

Fee: $65 (includes GST)

Duration: four hours

Outdoor First Aid

First aid response to accidents and medical emergencies in the wilderness. For groups of eight or more.

Duration: one to two days depending on experience

Sports First Aid

First aid response to common sports injuries and medical emergencies. Includes ACC injury prevention advice.

Fee: $65 (includes GST)(If you are a trainer, you can get a 20% discount.)

Duration: eight hours

7 . For the first time, the World Health Organization has included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in its globally influential medical compendium (汇编),according to an international science journal.

An article published by Nature said that TCM had been included in the latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) released last year. Starting from the 1800s, the ICD has been revised and published in a series of editions, reflecting the advances in health and medical science over time. It serves as the foundation for the identification of global health trends, and the international standard for diseases and health conditions.

The latest ICD is based largely on the work of the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project’s experts from around the world, who had been working on traditional medicine research and practices for years.

China has been promoting the modernisation of TCM and pushing for TCM to gain acceptance worldwide. Tu Youyou, a Chinese expert focusing on the scientific study of drugs and medicines, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in2015 for her research in TCM. Her discovery has saved millions of lives in developing countries in South Asia, Africa and South America. TCM is sure to grow in popularity globally.

While the use of herbal medicines, acupuncture (针刺疗法) and other traditional medical practices has been on the rise, there’s still a shortage of global classification and terminology (术语) tools for traditional medicine now, according to officials of the WHO.

“The decision is to promote the safe and effective use of traditional medicine by regulating, researching and combining traditional medicine products,practitioners and practice into health systems,where appropriate,”the WHO was quoted as saying by Nature.

8 . You’ve probably heard the saying, “Laughter is the best medicine.” Comedy on Referral has taken that idea and run with it, using standup comedy to help treat people struggling with depression and anxiety in partnership with the NHS.

The idea stemmed from comedian Angie Belcher’s experiences of teaching comedy at Bristol University. She found that students often told her how much stronger and more resilient (恢复力强的) they were thanks to standup comedy.

Inspired, she teamed up with the NHS in Bristol to create a six-week comedy course for patients struggling with depression in January 2022. Following the success of this initial course, Comedy on Referral won NHS funding to help men at risk of killing themselves in London.

Belcher will work alongside psychologists and men who have experienced self-killing events to use comedy as a form of therapy (疗法).

Talking to The Bristol Post, Belcher said, “Past depressions are perfect for comedy. Comedy doesn’t come from the happy, perfect moments of your life, but from our everyday struggles and major life events. People who’ve been through big life experiences such as the death of a close relation and ill health often can’t wait to tell me their story, mostly because there’s always something strangely funny about the situation.”

Research has shown that laughter has positive psychological effects, such as decreasing levels of cortisol (the stress hormone) and increasing endorphins (chemicals making you feel relaxed).

It can even have physiological benefits, although less research has been done in this area. Current research has linked laughter and humour with increased levels of pain tolerance as well as short-term cardiovascular (心血管的) benefits. More research is needed to prove these findings.

Nonetheless, the mental health benefits of regular laughter are widely accepted, and using comedy to treat mental health struggles could be a real breakthrough in the treatment of mental health.